Abstract:
A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.
Abstract:
Drag reduction of hydrocarbon fluids flowing through pipelines of various lengths is improved by polyolefin drag reducer dispersions or dispersions using bi- or multi-modal particle size distributions. Drag reducers having larger particle sizes dissolve more slowly than drag reducers having smaller particle sizes. By using at least bi-modal particle size distributions drag reduction can be distributed more uniformly over the length of the pipeline where smaller sized particles dissolve sooner or earlier in the pipeline and larger sized particles dissolve later or further along the pipeline.
Abstract:
A description is given of compositions comprisingA) a lubricant, a metalworking fluid or a hydraulic fluid, in particular a base oil from the group consisting of the mineral, vegetable and synthetic (for example poly-.alpha.-olefin or ester) oils;B) from 0.005 to 1.0% by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkylmethyl, C.sub.9 -C.sub.10 bicycloalkylmethyl, C.sub.9 -C.sub.10 tricycloalkylmethyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 alkylphenyl or together are (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.2).sub.2, andR.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, and, if desired,C) other customary oil additives from the groups consisting of antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, dispersants, detergents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, antifoams, solid lubricants and further antiwear additives.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a linear block copolymer comprising at least one triblock I--B--I, wherein I is a block of at least one polymerized conjugated diene of at least five (5) carbon atoms, such as isoprene, and B is a block of a polymer of at least one conjugated diene, different from that used to polymerize the block I, of at least four (4) carbon atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene. The B block is selectively hydrogenated, while each of the I blocks is unhydrogenated and therefore retains a sufficient amount of its original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. There is also disclosed an alternative linear block copolymer containing at least one triblock of the first polymer block made from a minor proportion of at least one aryl-substituted olefin, such as styrene, and a major proportion of at least one conjugated diene used to polymerize the block I, the second middle polymer block of at least one diene used to polymerize the block B, and the third polymer block which is the same as the first polymer block. In this alternative copolymer, the middle block is also selectively hydrogenated, thereby leaving the terminal polymer blocks with a sufficient amount of their original unsaturation to vulcanize the copolymer. The polymers can be crosslinked or functionalized through the terminal blocks containing the vinyl unsaturation. There are also disclosed random linear and star-branched block and random copolymers made from the same monomers as the linear block copolymers. Also disclosed are methods of producing the polymers and selectively hydrogenating the aforementioned polymerized dienes.
Abstract:
A substantially particulate-free homogeneous lubricant additive includes a first nonionic fluorochemical surfactant selected from the group consisting of fluoroaliphatic oxyethylene adducts and fluoroaliphatic oxypropylene adducts, and a second oil solubilizing nonionic surfactant and a transport or carrier medium ranging from light oil to grease. The additive also utilizes an antioxidant, a petroleum distillate solvent and a bactericide.
Abstract:
The dissemination of gas turbine engine aviation fuels under shock conditions, particularly by forming mist particles, and the accompanying fire hazard, are reduced by dissolving in the fuel a soluble polymer of molecular weight greater than 10.sup.6 in such concentration that there is molecular overlap of the dissolved polymer in the fuel, the dissolved polymer being one containing polar groups which form bonds with each other when the fuel is subjected to shock.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are fuel oil compositions containing halogenated polypropylenes and/or halogenated polybutylenes having molecular weights in the range of about 400 to 3,000. These halogenated polyolefins have been found to reduce the tendency of the fuel oil to leave a carbon residue.
Abstract:
Hydrogenated alkyl aromatics are useful as petroleum oil additives such as wax crystal modifiers and cold flow improvers for petroleum oils, e.g. atmospheric distillate fuels, particularly when used in combination with ethylene backbone middle distillate pour point depressants such as branched polyethylene, copolymers of 4 to 30 molar proportions of ethylene with an unsaturated ester, e.g. vinyl acetate, or another olefin, etc.
Abstract:
Addition to distillate fuel oil of wax crystal modifying amides or salts, of limited oil solubility, formed from acids with amines or ammonia improves the cold-flow properties of the oil.