Abstract:
The invention concerns ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention is comprised of an amide or one of its salts, including an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion matches the formula RF—SOx—N−Z, where RF is a perflourinated group, x is 1 or 3, and Z is an electroattractive substituent. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.
Abstract:
An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element and an electrolyte solution. The capacitor element includes: an anode foil on which a dielectric layer is formed; a cathode foil which is opposite to the anode foil and on which an inorganic conductive layer is formed; and a conductive polymer layer that is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil, the conductive polymer layer including a conductive polymer. The cathode foil has a roughened surface on which the inorganic conductive layer is formed. And the conductive polymer layer is a layer formed with use of a dispersion or a solution containing the conductive polymer.
Abstract:
Provided herein are compositions comprising solutions or colloids of allotropes of carbon, in particular fullerenes, graphenes or single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs or polymers of fullerenes) in solvents selected from terpenes, lactones or fatty acid or terpene alcohols. The carbon allotropes remain in solution following ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation processing. Suitably the solvents are selected from monoterpene cyclic ethers, cyclic terpenes, cyclic triterpenoid species, cyclic triterpenoid steroidal species, or terpene alcohols. The compositions are made by combining the solvents with the allotrope of carbon with cavitation. Methods of using these compositions are also provided.
Abstract:
Provided is a composite electrode including a metal layer and a composite dielectric layer. The composite dielectric layer includes a metal oxide dielectric layer and a polymer dielectric layer. The composite dielectric layer overlays the metal layer. The polymer dielectric layer includes a nitrogen-containing polymer and overlays the metal oxide dielectric layer. An electrolytic capacitor is also provided. The electrolytic capacitor has a polymer dielectric layer made of a nitrogen-containing polymer, and such polymer dielectric layer is beneficial to increase the insulating property of the metal oxide dielectric layer and the coverage property of the conductive polymer. Thereby, the conventional leakage current can be significantly reduced and the yield can be improved.
Abstract:
A device and related method for producing electrical energy, in the form of current flowing in a load. The said method uses two solutions with different ionic concentration as energy source. The said device includes at least two electrodes immersed at least partially in a liquid contained in a cell. The method includes a plurality of phases. Among them, a phase in which the electrodes and are brought into contact with a first solution; a phase in which they are electrically charged; a phase in which they are brought into contact with a second solution; a phase in which at least a part of the accumulated charge is let flow through the load. The energy provided to the load is more than the energy used to charge the electrodes.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to electrolyte systems and electrochemical cells comprising conductive salts having different anionic and/or cationic radii.
Abstract:
An improved capacitor is described. The capacitor has an anode with an anode lead wire extending from a first face of the anode. A dielectric layer is on the anode and a cathode is on the dielectric. An anode lead with an anode base and a cavernous anode protrusion extending from the base is provided wherein the anode lead wire is in electrical contact with the anode protrusion. A cathode lead with a cathode base is provided wherein the cathode base is in electrical contact with the cathode on a side face wherein the side face is adjacent the first face and the cathode base and said anode base are coplanar.
Abstract:
An electronic or electro-optic device has a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric layer has electrically insulating planar layers with intercalated ions therebetween such that the electrically insulating planar layers provide a barrier to impede movement of the intercalated ions to the first and second electrodes under an applied voltage while permitting a polarization of the dielectric layer while in operation.
Abstract:
An electrochemical element for use at a high temperature has an anode, a cathode comprising an intercalation material having an upper reversible potential-limit of at most 4 V versus Li/Li+ as active material, and an electrolyte arranged between the cathode and anode, which electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid with an anion and a cation a pyrrolidinium ring structure having four Carbon atoms and one Nitrogen atom. Experiments revealed that rechargeable batteries comprising such an intercalation material and N—R1—N—R2-pyrrolidinium, wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups and R1 may be methyl and R2 may be butyl or hexyl, are particularly suitable for use at a temperature of up to about 150 degrees Celsius and may be used in oil and/or gas production wells.
Abstract translation:在高温下使用的电化学元件具有阳极,阴极包括具有相对于Li / Li +作为活性材料的至多4V的最高可逆电势极限的插层材料和布置在阴极和阳极之间的电解质, 电解质包含具有阴离子和阳离子的离子液体,具有四个碳原子和一个氮原子的吡咯烷鎓环结构。 实验表明,包含这种嵌入材料的可再充电电池和N-R1-N-R2-吡咯烷鎓,其中R1和R2是烷基,R1可以是甲基,R2可以是丁基或己基,特别适用于 高达约150摄氏度,可用于石油和/或天然气生产井。
Abstract:
The present invention provides means for forming an oxide film on a metal surface, means for repairing a defect of an oxide film, a high-performance electrolytic capacitor using the means, and an electrolyte of the capacitor. Namely, the prevent invention provides a method for easily forming an oxide film on the surface of a metal or an alloy thereof by anodization using a solution containing an ionic liquid. In an application of this method, an electrolytic capacitor having means for repairing a defect of an oxide film can be formed by a method using, as an electrolyte, an ionic liquid, a solution containing an ionic liquid and a salt, or a solution containing an ionic liquid and a conductive polymer or a TCNQ salt, and a valve metal or an alloy thereof as a metal.