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    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions
    21.
    发明授权
    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions 失效
    稳定的烃组分

    公开(公告)号：US2800452A

    公开(公告)日：1957-07-23

    申请号：US44291854

    申请日：1954-07-12

    Applicant: SHELL DEV

    Inventor： BONDI ARNOLD A ,  NEWEY HERBERT A

    IPC: C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02

    CPC classification number: C10L10/08 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/2362 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/00 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M2201/083 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/102 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/024 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2207/40 ,  C10M2207/402 ,  C10M2207/404 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2209/101 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/062 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/044 ,  C10M2215/10 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2219/066 ,  C10M2219/082 ,  C10M2219/083 ,  C10M2219/086 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/047 ,  C10M2223/065 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2229/02 ,  C10M2229/041 ,  C10M2229/05 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2230/12 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202 ,  C10N2240/40 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/403 ,  C10N2240/404 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2240/406 ,  C10N2240/407 ,  C10N2240/408 ,  C10N2240/409 ,  C10N2240/62 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C08F220/00 ,  C08F222/10 ,  C08F20/12

    Abstract: Oil-soluble polysubstituted long - chain alkanes, suitable for use as oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals are N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The polysubstituted alkanes, preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000, are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or poly-carboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloroacrylic, a -isopropylacrylic, a -amylacrylic, a -cyclohexylacrylic, a - hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitric, 2-pentenedioic, and 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids mentioned under (2) and, attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide group, they may have polar groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table. Examples of such amides are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N - (3 - aminopropyl) - methacrylamide; N - (ethanol), N - (5 - carboxy - hexyl), N - morpholinoethyl, N - (dimethyl amino ethyl), N-(dimethylamino propyl), N-(6-mercapto-octyl), N - (6,6 - dihydroxyethyloctyl), N - (6 - cyanohexyl), N - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) - a - octyl and N - (6 - thiocyano - octyl) acrylamide; N,N-di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide; N,N - di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamide; and N,N-di - (mercaptobutyl) and N - (4 - hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamide. The monomers (2) and (3) may be reacted together first and the product e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide copolymerized with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecne-1. Additional polar groups may be introduced by conducting the polymerization in the presence of other polymerizable vinyl monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate, and such groups may be converted to hydroxyl groups by hydrolysis of the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. In examples: (1) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted; (2) with N,N-dimethylaminopropyleneamine; (3) with N,N-diethylaminopropyleneamine; or (4) with monoethanolamine; (5) a copolymer of vinyl stearate and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted with N,N-dibutylpropane-1,3-diamine or aminoethyl morpholine; (6) a copolymer of n-hexadecene-1 and methyl methacrylate is reacted with 4-aminobutyl mercaptan, 1-cyano-5-aminopentane or 1-thio-5-aminopentane; (7) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is reacted with 4-amino-butyraldehyde; (8) 4-aminopentanamide; (9) 4-aminopentanoic acid or (10) N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine; and (11) a methyl a -octadecyl acrylatevinyl acetate copolymer is reacted with N-aminoethylmorpholine. The polysubstituted alkanes may be used in oil compositions in minor amounts, e.g. from 0.001 to 10 per cent as sludge preventives, detergents, antiwear agents and antioxidants. They may be used in natural lubricants, e.g. hydrocarbon oils, alone or blended with castor or lard oil, or in synthetic lubricants such as polymerized olefines, copolymers of alkylene glycols and oxides, organic esters of polybasic organic and inorganic acids, e.g. di-(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), dioctyl phthalate and trioctyl phosphate, polymeric tetrahydrofuran and polyalkyl silicone polymers, e.g. dimethyl silicone polymer. They may also be used in greases, fuels (e.g. gasoline, gas oil or burner fuel oil), and slushing, industrial, metal working, drawing, quenching, and textile oils. Other conventional additives such as antioxidants, detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, blooming agents, corrosion inhibitors, oiliness agents and solubilizers may also be present. Examples of such conventional additives are given. Specification 714,178 and U.S.A. 2,639,227 are referred to.ALSO:Oil-soluble polysubstituted long chain alkanes, suitable for use as hydrocarbon oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, and the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals being N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The alkanes preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000 are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or polycarboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloro-, a -isopropyl, a -amyl, a -cyclohexyl, a -hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitic, 2-pentandioic, 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids in (2) with functional groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table, and examples are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide, N-(ethanol), N-(5-carboxyl-hexyl), N-morpholinoethyl, N-(dimethylaminoethyl), N-dimethylaminopropyl), N-(6-mercaptooctyl), N-(6,6-dihydroxyethyloctyl), N-(6-cyanohexyl), N-(6-hydroxyoctyl)-a -octyl and N-(6-thiocyanooctyl) acrylamides, N,N - di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide, N,N-di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamides, and N,N-di-(mercaptobutyl) and N-(4-hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamides. The reactants (2) and (3) may be copolymerized first and the product, e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide reacted with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecene-1, and additional polar groups incorporating other polymerizable monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate may be present and may be hydrolysed in the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The concentration of monomers is controlled so that the copolymers contain between 4 and 1.1, alkoxycarbonyl groups per unit derived from (1) by shortstopping the reaction or by adding monomers to maintain the concentration constant. The copolymers may be prepared in bulk, solution, or aqueous emulsion or suspension systems with catalysts such as hydrogen, benzoyl, lauroyl, and di-(t-butyl) peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxides, 2,2-bis-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-butyl perlargonate sodium or potassium persulphates, percarbonate and peracetic acid, at an elevated temperature, under atmospheric, reduced or elevated pressures, and if desired in the absence of air. Chain transfer agents such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers or organic acids, acid halides, esters of inorganic esters, and amines, cyanogen and nitro compounds, sulphur halides, benzene sulphonyl chloride, mercaptans and related organic sulphur compounds may be present. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The components are mixed alone, or in a mutual solv

    Fuel composition
    25.
    发明授权
    Fuel composition 失效
    燃油组成

    公开(公告)号：US3868231A

    公开(公告)日：1975-02-25

    申请号：US31835572

    申请日：1972-12-26

    Applicant: SHELL OIL CO

    Inventor： VAN DE KRAATS EDUARD J ,  BUITELAAR ARNOLD A ,  SCHREUDER THOMAS

    IPC: C10L1/26 ,  C09K3/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L10/14

    CPC classification number: C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/195 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675

    Abstract: Fuel compositions having improved low-temperature flow properties comprise wax-containing residual or flashed distillate hydrocarbon fuel having incorporated therein a minor amount of a copolymer of (1) an olefinically unsaturated compound containing an unbranched saturated hydrocarbon chain with at least 14 carbon atoms and (2) a heterocyclic compound which contains an olefinically unsaturated double bond not attached directly to a hetero atom and of which the ring carbon atoms linked to a hetero atom do not carry monovalent hydrocarbon groups, the heterocyclic compound most preferably being 4-vinylpyridine.

    Abstract translation: 具有改进的低温流动性质的燃料组合物包括含蜡的残余或闪蒸的馏出物烃燃料，其中加入少量共聚物（1）含有至少14个碳原子的未分支的饱和烃链的烯属不饱和化合物和（ 2）含有不直接与杂原子连接的烯键式不饱和双键并且与杂原子连接的环碳原子不携带一价烃基的杂环化合物，杂环化合物最优选为4-乙烯基吡啶。

    Process for the preparation of a crude-oil composition with a depressed pour point
    26.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of a crude-oil composition with a depressed pour point 失效
    制备具有浸渍点的原油组合物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US3776247A

    公开(公告)日：1973-12-04

    申请号：US3776247D

    申请日：1968-07-01

    Applicant: SHELL OIL CO

    Inventor： CHOUFOER J ,  VAN KERKVOORT W ,  VAN DER MEIJ P ,  SCHRUEDER T

    IPC: C10G71/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/26 ,  F17D1/16

    CPC classification number: C10L10/08 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/1641 ,  C10L1/165 ,  C10L1/1955 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/1973 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  Y10T137/0391

    Abstract: A method of transporting waxy crudes through conduits at reduced friction and preventing wax separation or precipitation so as to inhibit plugging and flow restriction and improve the pour point properties of the crude by adding to such waxy crudes a small amount of a polymeric material containing aliphatic hydrocarbon side chains of at least 14 carbon atoms. This invention relates to decreasing friction loss in flowing waxy crudes through conduits, generally over great distances but also over short distances such as in well fracturing processes and also to improving the pour point of waxy crudes. More particularly, the invention is directed to crude oil compositions comprising a waxy crude oil and fractions thereof and polymers having aliphatic hydrocarbon side chains with at least 14 carbon atoms, so as to reduce the pour point, prevent wax separation and reduce its friction loss due to flow through pipelines over great distances and short distances.

    Abstract translation: 一种通过导管以较低摩擦力输送蜡质原油的方法，并防止蜡分离或沉淀，以便抑制堵塞和流动的限制，并通过向这种蜡质原油中加入少量含有脂族烃的聚合物材料来改善粗品的倾点特性 至少14个碳原子的侧链。

    Preparation of detergent oil-additive graft copolymers by delayed addition of nitrogen-containing comonomer to a partially polymerized long chain alkyl or vinyl ester and product obtained thereby
    29.
    发明授权
    Preparation of detergent oil-additive graft copolymers by delayed addition of nitrogen-containing comonomer to a partially polymerized long chain alkyl or vinyl ester and product obtained thereby 失效
    通过将含氮共聚单体延迟加入部分聚合的长链烷基或乙烯基酯和由此获得的产物来制备洗涤剂油 - 添加剂接枝共聚物

    公开(公告)号：US3067163A

    公开(公告)日：1962-12-04

    申请号：US73695658

    申请日：1958-05-22

    Applicant: ROHM & HAAS

    Inventor： NORMAN BAUER LA VERNE

    IPC: C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F291/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M159/00

    CPC classification number: C10M159/005 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F291/00 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/2362 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M145/16 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/10 ,  C10M2219/102 ,  C10M2219/104 ,  C10M2219/106 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/041 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  C08F226/06

    Abstract: As additives to oils there are used copolymers made by a process which involves partially polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomeric material, adding a nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer thereto, and then completing the polymerization, the monomer mixture being such as to provide an oil-soluble copolymer (see Group IV(a)). Oils specified are fuel oils, mineral lubricating oils, kerosenes and synthetic lubricants, e.g. esters of sebacic and phosphoric acid. As monomers for use in preparing the prepolymer there are specified esters of acrylic and substituted acrylic acids, esters of maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids, styrenes, unsaturated nitrites, ethers, thioethers and ketones and vinyl and vinylidene chlorides. Nitrogen-containing monomers specified are vinyl lactams, oxazolidones, unides, ureas and pyridines, aminoalkyl styrenes, acrylates, ethers and thioethers and unsaturated hydrazides.ALSO:Oil-soluble copolymers are obtained by: (A) forming a polymerizing mixture of (1) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and (2) a prepolymer derived from one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and which is present in an amount of from 40 to 85% by weight of the combined weight of monomer and prepolymer, the mixture undergoing polymerization under the influence of a free-radical initiator, (B) adding to the polymerizing mixture at least one monoethylenically unsaturated nitrogenous monomer which contains a trivalent nitrogen atom bonded to at least two atoms at least one of which is carbon, and which is either an imide having non-terminal unsaturation or is a compound containing a terminal methylene group, and (C) continuing polymerization of the resulting mixture, the monomer mixture being such as to provide an oil-soluble copolymer containing nitrogenous monomer in an amount between about 1% and 30% by weight of the final copolymer. As monomers for forming the prepolymer there are listed alkyl acrylates, alkacrylates, phenacrylates and chloroacrylates, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids in which the alcohol portion contains a hetero atom, e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorus, vinyl esters of fatty acids, alkyl maleates, fumarates and itaconates, styrene, alkyl styrenes, p-chlorostyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl ethers, vinyl thioethers, vinyl ketones and vinyl and vinylidene chlorides. Nitrogen containing monomers listed are N-vinyl lactams, N-vinyl oxazolidones, cyclic N-vinyl imides, N-vinyl ureas, N-vinyl carboxylic amides, N-acryloxy and N-methacryloxy lactams, N-acrylamido and N-methacrylamido lactams, N-alkyl acrylamides and methacrylamides, N-vinyl amines, vinyl pyridines, aminostyrenes, aminoalkyl vinyl ethers and thioethers, aminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, and unsaturated hydrazides. Free-radical initiators listed are azo compounds, peroxides, hydroperoxides, peresters and combinations of hydroperoxides and quaternary ammonium salts. Polymerization may be carried out in bulk or, preferably, in solution in an organic solvent. The examples describe the application of the above process to the following combinations of monomers: (1) cetyl-stearyl methacrylate, lauryl-myristyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (2) stearyl methacrylate, styrene and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (3) vinyl stearate, vinyl-2-ethyl hexoate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (4) vinyl stearate, dodecyl methacrylate and N-vinyl-5-methyl pyrrolidinone; (5) dilauryl fumarate, vinyl acetate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (6) distearyl maleate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (7) distearyl itaconate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (8) cetyl-stearyl fumarate vinyl acetate and N-vinyl caprolactam; (9) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and N-vinyl oxazolidone; (10) as in (9) but including also dimethaminoethyl methacrylate; (11) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl succinimide; (12) lauryl methacrylate and N-(8-methacryloxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl) pyrrolidinone; (13) lauryl methacrylate and N-n-butylacrylamide; (14) lauryl, stearyl, butyl and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates; (15) lauryl and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (16) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl-N1-dimethylamino-ethylethyleneurea; (17) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; (18) lauryl methacrylate and 4-vinyl pyridine; (19) lauryl methacrylate and N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-2-oxazolidone; (20) octyl methacrylate and 1-(2-methacryloxyethyl) - 2,4,4 - trimethylpyrrolidine; (21) lauryl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl vinyl thioether; (22) dodecyl methacrylate and N-methacrylyl-N,N-dimethyl hydrazide; and (23) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and N-methyl maleimide.ALSO:Ethylenically unsaturated nitrogen-containing compounds are prepared as follows:- (a) N-acryloxyalkyl or N-methacryloxyalkyl lactams are prepared by reacting N-hydroxyalkyl lactams with lower alkyl methacrylates or acryloyl or methacryloyl halides, e.g. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidinone and methyl methacrylate are heated in the presence of sodium methoxide to produce N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)pyrolidinone; (b) N-acrylamidoalkyl or N-methacrylamidoalkyl lactams are prepared by reacting acryloyl and methacryloyl halides with N-(aminoalkyl) lactams, e.g. methacryloyl chloride and N-2-aminoethyl-3,5.5-trimethylpyrrolidinone are heated together in the presence of sodium carbonate to produce 2-methacrylamidoethyl- 3,5.5-trimethyl pyrrolidinone; (c) N-acryloyl or N-methacryloyl pyrrolidinones are prepared by reacting pyrrolidinone with acryloyl or methacryloyl halides; (d) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 2,4,4-trimethylpyrrolidine is reacted with methyl methacrylate in the presence of sodium methoxide to produce 1-(2-methacryloxyethyl)- 2,4,4-trimethylpyrrolidine.

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