摘要:
Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of forming a lipstatin derivative, (S)-1-((2S,3S)-3-ethyl-4-oxooxetan-2-yl) tridecan-2-yl formyl-L-alaninate. Such methods include one or more reaction steps that include the Mitsunobu coupling of N-formyl L-alanine in the presence of di-t-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) and triphenylphosphine. Compounds formed by a method of the invention, compositions that include a compound formed by a method of the invention, and methods of inhibiting lipase activity and/or treating pancreatitis using a compound formed by a method of the invention are also provided.
摘要:
A continuous method of carbonylating an epoxide and/or lactone with carbon monoxide with improved catalyst efficiency and reactor productivity is comprised of reacting the epoxy and/or lactone in a solvent with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of at least 80° C. and an amount of water that is at most about 150 ppm of the effluent from the reactor. The amount of water in any of the ingredients used in a method of the invention is desirably substantially below the aforementioned water concentration in the effluent from the reactor. Likewise, in a method of the invention, the amount of polyether byproduct is substantially absent. The methods may be performed without recycling of the catalyst.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to reactor systems and processes for producing acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile derivatives. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the processes comprise the following steps: introducing an epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet; contacting the epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent with a carbonylation catalyst to produce a beta-lactone intermediate; polymerizing the beta-lactone intermediate with an initiator in the presence of a metal cation to produce a polylactone product; heating the polylactone product under thermolysis conditions to produce an organic acid product; optionally esterifying the organic acid product to produce one or more ester products; and reacting the organic acid product and/or ester product with an ammonia reagent under ammoxidation conditions to produce an acrylonitrile product.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids through thermolysis of polylactones. In preferred embodiments, the reactor systems and processes are capable of introducing at least one epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent to at least one reaction vessel through at least one feed stream inlet; contacting the at least one epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent with at least one carbonylation catalyst to produce at least one beta-lactone intermediate; polymerizing the at least one beta-lactone intermediate with at least one initiator in the presence of a metal cation to produce at least one polylactone product; and heating the at least one polylactone product under thermolysis conditions to produce at least one organic acid product. Advantageously, the processes of the present invention may control the presence of contaminates, impurities, catalytic materials, and/or reagents to provide for highly pure organic acid products.
摘要:
Provided are processes for monitoring and maintaining continuous carbonylation of epoxides or lactones. Processes include measuring parameters affecting the rate of the carbonylation reaction and adding supplemental replacement catalyst replacement components to maintain a constant rate of carbonylation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitius, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.
摘要:
A method of making paper or paperboard using a composition made by the hydrogenation or partial hydrogenation of an alkyl ketene dimer, alkenyl ketene dimer, or ketene multimer (collectively labeled H2-AKD). Also, relates to a paper or paperboard having increased water and water vapor resistance while maintaining good recyclability and repulpability.
摘要:
Device and method for continuously preparing high-purity AKD without solvent includes a reactor making continuous mixing of raw materials. The process includes: the tertiary amine feeding into the reactor and the continuously feeding acyl chloride from three to ten line; under operating state, the motor rotates the internal cylinder in relation to external cylinder, forcing the fed materials to convey and stir in the conveying section of annular column passage, forcing the materials to shear and mix by movement of shearing and kneading blades. Arrangement of conveying and mixing sections along the axial direction of annular column passage, causes sufficient reaction of materials and controls the material temperature through internal and external heat exchange systems until the reaction products are discharged from outlet. The device and process disperse reaction heat and sufficient material mixture and complete reaction to control the reaction temperature, viscosity and decrease the generation of side reaction.
摘要:
The present invention relates to specific beta-lactone compounds and compositions thereof for the treatment of infections, such as, e.g., infections with bacteria or infections with protozoa, in particular infections with Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria and of infectious diseases caused by or related to Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria, and to the modulation of virulence of Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria or of protozoa by specific beta-lactone compounds. The invention further relates to the use of the compounds or compositions for preventing or eliminating biofilms.
摘要:
In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.