公开(公告)号：US20140296988A1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-02

申请号：US14305638

申请日：2014-06-16

Applicant: BIOMET MANUFACTURING, LLC

Inventor： Nathan A. WINSLOW ,  Russell F. WARREN ,  Donald H. LEE ,  Kevin T. Stone ,  Nicholas M. Cordaro

IPC: A61F2/40

CPC classification number: A61F2/4014 ,  A61B17/1684 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/40 ,  A61F2/4003 ,  A61F2/4081 ,  A61F2/4684 ,  A61F2002/30062 ,  A61F2002/30113 ,  A61F2002/30154 ,  A61F2002/30156 ,  A61F2002/30181 ,  A61F2002/30207 ,  A61F2002/3021 ,  A61F2002/30219 ,  A61F2002/30224 ,  A61F2002/30225 ,  A61F2002/30227 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30332 ,  A61F2002/30341 ,  A61F2002/30474 ,  A61F2002/30538 ,  A61F2002/30553 ,  A61F2002/30578 ,  A61F2002/30604 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30774 ,  A61F2002/30785 ,  A61F2002/30787 ,  A61F2002/30827 ,  A61F2002/30843 ,  A61F2002/3085 ,  A61F2002/30874 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/30884 ,  A61F2002/30906 ,  A61F2002/4007 ,  A61F2002/4018 ,  A61F2002/4631 ,  A61F2210/0004 ,  A61F2220/0025 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2230/0006 ,  A61F2230/0021 ,  A61F2230/0023 ,  A61F2230/006 ,  A61F2230/0067 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2250/0006 ,  A61F2250/0008 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00179

Abstract: A two piece humeral component for use in joint arthroplasty which is adapted to be implanted into a joint and engaged by a socket component of the joint. The joint component includes a body having a first articulating surface and a second medial surface opposite the first articulating surface. The first articulating surface is adapted to be engaged by the socket and the second medial surface is adapted to be secured to mounting portion. The mounting portion has a first surface and a second medial surface. The first surface is adapted to be fixably engaged to the second mounting portion of the humeral component. The second medial surface is adapted to be secured to the humerus. A peg which has a first end adapted to engage a cavity found in the humerus is disposed on the mounting portion's second medial surface.

Abstract translation: 一种用于关节置换术的两片肱骨构件，其适于植入关节并由接头的插座部件接合。 关节部件包括具有第一关节表面和与第一关节表面相对的第二内侧表面的主体。 第一铰接表面适于由插座接合，并且第二内表面适于固定到安装部分。 安装部分具有第一表面和第二内侧表面。 第一表面适于可固定地接合到肱骨组件的第二安装部分。 第二内侧表面适于固定在肱骨上。 具有适于接合肱骨中存在的空腔的第一端的栓钉设置在安装部分的第二内侧表面上。

公开(公告)号：US20140249637A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-04

申请号：US14278916

申请日：2014-05-15

Applicant: Zimmer, Inc.

Inventor： Arlen D. Hanssen ,  David Lewallen

IPC: A61F2/30

CPC classification number: A61F2/30 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30734 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/30771 ,  A61F2/30965 ,  A61F2/34 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/3662 ,  A61F2/389 ,  A61F2002/2835 ,  A61F2002/30131 ,  A61F2002/30228 ,  A61F2002/30233 ,  A61F2002/30235 ,  A61F2002/30248 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30278 ,  A61F2002/30299 ,  A61F2002/30324 ,  A61F2002/30354 ,  A61F2002/30449 ,  A61F2002/30606 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30736 ,  A61F2002/30738 ,  A61F2002/30777 ,  A61F2002/30784 ,  A61F2002/30841 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/3403 ,  A61F2002/3611 ,  A61F2002/3625 ,  A61F2002/3631 ,  A61F2002/4631 ,  A61F2002/4681 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2230/0013 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0071 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2230/0093 ,  A61F2250/0036 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00131 ,  A61F2310/00203 ,  A61F2310/00239

Abstract: A prosthetic system that includes a prosthetic implant and a support structure secured to an inner surface of a cavity of a bone is disclosed. The support structure defines a channel that extends through the length of the support structure. The prosthetic implant is received in the channel, and a portion of the prosthetic implant is secured to an inner surface of the support structure by an adhesive. The support structure may comprise a pair of partially hemispherical components arranged in spaced apart relationship thereby defining the channel between the pair of components.

公开(公告)号：US08728168B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-20

申请号：US12946132

申请日：2010-11-15

Applicant: Arlen D. Hanssen ,  David G. Lewallen

Inventor： Arlen D. Hanssen ,  David G. Lewallen

IPC: A61F2/36

CPC classification number: A61F2/30 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30734 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/30771 ,  A61F2/30965 ,  A61F2/34 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/3662 ,  A61F2/389 ,  A61F2002/2835 ,  A61F2002/30131 ,  A61F2002/30228 ,  A61F2002/30233 ,  A61F2002/30235 ,  A61F2002/30248 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30278 ,  A61F2002/30299 ,  A61F2002/30324 ,  A61F2002/30354 ,  A61F2002/30449 ,  A61F2002/30606 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30736 ,  A61F2002/30738 ,  A61F2002/30777 ,  A61F2002/30784 ,  A61F2002/30841 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/3403 ,  A61F2002/3611 ,  A61F2002/3625 ,  A61F2002/3631 ,  A61F2002/4631 ,  A61F2002/4681 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2230/0013 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0071 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2230/0093 ,  A61F2250/0036 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00131 ,  A61F2310/00203 ,  A61F2310/00239

Abstract: A prosthetic system that includes a prosthetic implant and a support structure secured to an inner surface of a cavity of a bone is disclosed. The support structure defines a channel that extends through the length of the support structure. The prosthetic implant is received in the channel, and a portion of the prosthetic implant is secured to an inner surface of the support structure by an adhesive. The support structure may comprise a pair of partially hemispherical components arranged in spaced apart relationship thereby defining the channel between the pair of components.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种假体系统，其包括假体植入物和固定到骨腔的内表面的支撑结构。 支撑结构限定了延伸穿过支撑结构的长度的通道。 假体植入物容纳在通道中，并且假体植入物的一部分通过粘合剂固定到支撑结构的内表面。 支撑结构可以包括以间隔开的关系布置的一对部分半球形部件，从而限定该对部件之间的通道。

公开(公告)号：US20130013080A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-10

申请号：US13619134

申请日：2012-09-14

Applicant: Arlen D. Hanssen ,  David G. Lewallen

Inventor： Arlen D. Hanssen ,  David G. Lewallen

IPC: A61F2/28

CPC classification number: A61F2/30 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30734 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/30771 ,  A61F2/30965 ,  A61F2/34 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/3662 ,  A61F2/389 ,  A61F2002/2835 ,  A61F2002/30131 ,  A61F2002/30228 ,  A61F2002/30233 ,  A61F2002/30235 ,  A61F2002/30248 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30278 ,  A61F2002/30299 ,  A61F2002/30324 ,  A61F2002/30354 ,  A61F2002/30449 ,  A61F2002/30606 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30736 ,  A61F2002/30738 ,  A61F2002/30777 ,  A61F2002/30784 ,  A61F2002/30841 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/3403 ,  A61F2002/3611 ,  A61F2002/3625 ,  A61F2002/3631 ,  A61F2002/4631 ,  A61F2002/4681 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2230/0013 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0071 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2230/0093 ,  A61F2250/0036 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00131 ,  A61F2310/00203 ,  A61F2310/00239

Abstract: A prosthetic system that includes a prosthetic implant and a support structure secured to an inner surface of a cavity of a bone is disclosed. The support structure defines a channel that extends through the length of the support structure. The prosthetic implant is received in the channel, and a portion of the prosthetic implant is secured to an inner surface of the support structure by an adhesive. The support structure may comprise a pair of partially hemispherical components arranged in spaced apart relationship thereby defining the channel between the pair of components.

公开(公告)号：US08266780B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-18

申请号：US12038570

申请日：2008-02-27

Applicant: Mark A. Bollinger ,  Brian M. May

Inventor： Mark A. Bollinger ,  Brian M. May

IPC: B23P11/02

CPC classification number: A61F2/367 ,  A61F2002/30013 ,  A61F2002/30077 ,  A61F2002/30153 ,  A61F2002/30187 ,  A61F2002/30224 ,  A61F2002/30242 ,  A61F2002/30253 ,  A61F2002/30261 ,  A61F2002/30263 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30329 ,  A61F2002/30448 ,  A61F2002/30451 ,  A61F2002/30535 ,  A61F2002/30677 ,  A61F2002/30733 ,  A61F2002/30736 ,  A61F2002/30785 ,  A61F2002/30795 ,  A61F2002/30915 ,  A61F2002/30952 ,  A61F2002/30967 ,  A61F2002/30968 ,  A61F2002/3097 ,  A61F2002/368 ,  A61F2210/0066 ,  A61F2220/0025 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2220/0058 ,  A61F2230/0019 ,  A61F2230/0034 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0071 ,  A61F2230/0076 ,  A61F2230/0082 ,  A61F2230/0084 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2250/0024 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  Y10T29/49861 ,  Y10T29/49865

Abstract: An orthopedic implant. The implant includes a metal portion having an internal three-dimensional cavity, the cavity having an opening to an outer surface of the metal portion, a ledge circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the opening, and a porous metal insert formed in a three-dimensional shape conforming to the shape of the cavity and enclosed by the cavity without being bonded to the cavity. The insert is retained inside the cavity by the ledge.

Abstract translation: 矫形植入物。 所述植入物包括具有内部三维空腔的金属部分，所述腔体具有到所述金属部分的外表面的开口，周向围绕所述开口的至少一部分的凸缘，以及形成在所述三维空腔中的多孔金属插入件， 尺寸形状符合空腔的形状并且被空腔包围而不被结合到空腔。 刀片通过凸缘保持在腔内。

公开(公告)号：US07497876B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-03

申请号：US10979513

申请日：2004-11-02

Applicant: Michael A. Tuke ,  Andrew C. Taylor ,  Peter Thomsen ,  Mark Taylor

Inventor： Michael A. Tuke ,  Andrew C. Taylor ,  Peter Thomsen ,  Mark Taylor

IPC: A61F2/28 ,  A61F2/36

CPC classification number: A61F2/34 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/30907 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/367 ,  A61F2/3676 ,  A61F2/468 ,  A61F2002/30176 ,  A61F2002/30224 ,  A61F2002/30275 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30278 ,  A61F2002/30303 ,  A61F2002/30322 ,  A61F2002/30332 ,  A61F2002/30405 ,  A61F2002/30449 ,  A61F2002/30795 ,  A61F2002/30805 ,  A61F2002/3097 ,  A61F2002/3414 ,  A61F2002/3432 ,  A61F2002/3625 ,  A61F2002/365 ,  A61F2002/4619 ,  A61F2220/0025 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2230/0054 ,  A61F2230/0063 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2230/0089 ,  A61F2250/0026 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00796 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00

Abstract: The invention relates to an element for incorporation into a prosthetic implant so as to form a bone-contacting portion thereof, the element comprising a rear face, a front face, and a body extending between the rear face and the front face, wherein the front face comprises a basal surface and at least one upstanding portion projecting above the basal surface and having a transverse hole extending therethrough from one side of the upstanding portion to another. It further relates to a prosthetic implant for implantation into a patient so as to contact a bone of the patient, the prosthetic implant comprising a body including a bone-contacting portion for contacting the patient's bone after implantation of the prosthetic implant, wherein the bone-contacting portion is provided with at least one upstanding portion that projects above a surrounding basal surface portion and that is provided with a transverse hole that extends through the upstanding portion from one side to another.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于结合到假体植入物中以形成其与骨接触部分的元件，该元件包括后表面，前表面和在后表面和前表面之间延伸的主体，其中前部 面包括基面和至少一个突出部分，其突出在基面上方，并且具有从直立部分的一侧向另一侧延伸穿过的横向孔。 本发明还涉及一种用于植入患者体内以便接触患者的骨骼的假体植入物，所述假体植入物包括主体，所述主体包括用于在植入植入物之后接触患者骨骼的骨接触部分， 至少一个直立部分突出在周围的基面部分上方，并且设置有从一侧延伸穿过直立部分的另一侧的横向孔。

公开(公告)号：US20070233264A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-04

申请号：US11390081

申请日：2006-03-28

Applicant: Jeffrey Nycz ,  Keith Kinnane ,  Susan Drapeau ,  Daniel Shimko ,  Jeetendra Bharadwaj

Inventor： Jeffrey Nycz ,  Keith Kinnane ,  Susan Drapeau ,  Daniel Shimko ,  Jeetendra Bharadwaj

IPC: A61F2/30

CPC classification number: A61F2/0095 ,  A61B17/1604 ,  A61B17/1635 ,  A61B17/1675 ,  A61B17/1684 ,  A61B50/33 ,  A61B2050/3008 ,  A61F2/28 ,  A61F2/30756 ,  A61F2/3859 ,  A61F2002/2817 ,  A61F2002/2828 ,  A61F2002/2839 ,  A61F2002/30004 ,  A61F2002/30062 ,  A61F2002/30154 ,  A61F2002/30158 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30718 ,  A61F2002/30759 ,  A61F2002/30764 ,  A61F2002/30971 ,  A61F2002/4619 ,  A61F2002/4649 ,  A61F2210/0004 ,  A61F2230/0021 ,  A61F2230/0026 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2250/0014 ,  A61F2310/00365 ,  A61L27/36 ,  A61L27/3817 ,  A61L27/3852 ,  A61L27/48 ,  A61L27/52 ,  A61L27/58

Abstract: Each of an osteochondral plug graft and a kit comprises a trapezoid shaped construct configured for osteochondral implanting. An osteochondral regeneration method comprises forming a recipient socket in a chondral area of an articular joint in need of repair; harvesting a trapezoid shaped graft from another chondral area; and implanting the trapezoid shaped graft into the recipient socket.

Abstract translation: 骨软骨移植物和套件中的每一个包括构造用于骨软骨植入的梯形构造。 骨软骨再生方法包括在需要修复的关节关节的软骨区域中形成受体插座; 从另一个软骨区域收获梯形移植物; 并将梯形移植物植入受体插座。

公开(公告)号：US20060241776A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-26

申请号：US11294692

申请日：2005-12-05

Applicant: David Brown ,  Brian May ,  Jennifer Woodell-May ,  Jacy Hoeppner ,  Elizabeth Schlueter ,  Mukesh Kumar ,  John White ,  Russell Parrott

Inventor： David Brown ,  Brian May ,  Jennifer Woodell-May ,  Jacy Hoeppner ,  Elizabeth Schlueter ,  Mukesh Kumar ,  John White ,  Russell Parrott

IPC: A61F2/38 ,  A61F2/28 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/34 ,  A61B17/72 ,  A61B17/86

CPC classification number: A61B17/7225 ,  A61B17/0401 ,  A61B17/866 ,  A61B2017/00831 ,  A61B2017/0459 ,  A61F2/0811 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/30907 ,  A61F2/36 ,  A61F2/367 ,  A61F2/3859 ,  A61F2/40 ,  A61F2002/2817 ,  A61F2002/30013 ,  A61F2002/30153 ,  A61F2002/30187 ,  A61F2002/30217 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30329 ,  A61F2002/30387 ,  A61F2002/30433 ,  A61F2002/30449 ,  A61F2002/30451 ,  A61F2002/30596 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30677 ,  A61F2002/30733 ,  A61F2002/30736 ,  A61F2002/30738 ,  A61F2002/30785 ,  A61F2002/30787 ,  A61F2002/30823 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/30909 ,  A61F2002/30915 ,  A61F2002/30919 ,  A61F2002/30952 ,  A61F2002/30967 ,  A61F2002/30968 ,  A61F2002/3097 ,  A61F2002/3401 ,  A61F2002/3611 ,  A61F2002/3625 ,  A61F2002/3696 ,  A61F2002/407 ,  A61F2220/0025 ,  A61F2220/0041 ,  A61F2220/005 ,  A61F2220/0058 ,  A61F2230/0019 ,  A61F2230/0034 ,  A61F2230/0067 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2250/0024 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00796 ,  B33Y80/00

Abstract: A prosthesis includes an implant defining an attachment surface thereon. A porous insert is selectively coupled to the implant. The porous insert is adapted to be received at the attachment surface of the implant in a retained position. The porous insert is adapted to facilitate tissue ingrowth. In one embodiment the implant comprises a femoral component. The femoral component comprises an inner condylar portion having a first and second lateral sidewalls, an anterior wall and a posterior wall defining a box. The box defines the attachment surface. In other embodiments, the implant comprises a hip stem and an acetabular shell.

Abstract translation: 假体包括限定其上的附接表面的植入物。 选择性地将多孔插入件联接到植入物。 多孔插入件适于在植入物的附着表面处于保持位置。 多孔插入物适于促进组织向内生长。 在一个实施例中，植入物包括股骨部件。 股骨部件包括具有第一和第二侧壁的内髁部分，前壁和限定盒的后壁。 盒子定义了附件表面。 在其他实施例中，植入物包括髋部柄和髋臼壳。

公开(公告)号：US07041137B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-09

申请号：US10680982

申请日：2003-10-07

Applicant: Michael Fulton ,  Jeffrey Thramann

Inventor： Michael Fulton ,  Jeffrey Thramann

IPC: A61F2/44

CPC classification number: A61F2/44 ,  A61F2/28 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30311 ,  A61F2002/30843 ,  A61F2002/30848 ,  A61F2002/30892 ,  A61F2002/30904 ,  A61F2002/4475 ,  A61F2230/0065 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2310/00011 ,  A61F2310/00359

Abstract: The present invention provides an implant to be implanted between a superior vertebra and an inferior vertebra. The implant comprises a main body having a superior surface and an inferior surface with at least one linear surface protrusion residing on at least one of the superior surface or the inferior surface. The protrusion having a substantially flat bone engaging surface and a generally trapezoidal cross-section.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种待植入在上椎骨和下椎骨之间的植入物。 植入物包括具有上表面和下表面的主体，具有至少一个线性表面突出部，其位于上表面或下表面中的至少一个上。 突起具有基本上平坦的骨接合表面和大致梯形的横截面。

公开(公告)号：US20060009852A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-12

申请号：US11225645

申请日：2005-09-13

Applicant: Nathan Winslow ,  Russell Warren ,  Don Lee

Inventor： Nathan Winslow ,  Russell Warren ,  Don Lee

IPC: A61F2/40

CPC classification number: A61F2/4014 ,  A61B17/1684 ,  A61B17/86 ,  A61F2/30767 ,  A61F2/40 ,  A61F2/4003 ,  A61F2/4081 ,  A61F2/4684 ,  A61F2002/30062 ,  A61F2002/30113 ,  A61F2002/30154 ,  A61F2002/30156 ,  A61F2002/30181 ,  A61F2002/30207 ,  A61F2002/3021 ,  A61F2002/30219 ,  A61F2002/30224 ,  A61F2002/30225 ,  A61F2002/30227 ,  A61F2002/30276 ,  A61F2002/30332 ,  A61F2002/30341 ,  A61F2002/30474 ,  A61F2002/30538 ,  A61F2002/30553 ,  A61F2002/30578 ,  A61F2002/30604 ,  A61F2002/30616 ,  A61F2002/30774 ,  A61F2002/30785 ,  A61F2002/30787 ,  A61F2002/30827 ,  A61F2002/30843 ,  A61F2002/3085 ,  A61F2002/30874 ,  A61F2002/30878 ,  A61F2002/30884 ,  A61F2002/30906 ,  A61F2002/4007 ,  A61F2002/4018 ,  A61F2002/4631 ,  A61F2210/0004 ,  A61F2220/0025 ,  A61F2220/0033 ,  A61F2230/0006 ,  A61F2230/0021 ,  A61F2230/0023 ,  A61F2230/006 ,  A61F2230/0067 ,  A61F2230/0069 ,  A61F2230/0086 ,  A61F2250/0006 ,  A61F2250/0008 ,  A61F2310/00017 ,  A61F2310/00023 ,  A61F2310/00029 ,  A61F2310/00179

Abstract: A two piece humeral component for use in joint arthroplasty which is adapted to be implanted into a joint and engaged by a socket component of the joint. The joint component includes a body having a first articulating surface and a second medial surface opposite the first articulating surface. The first articulating surface is adapted to be engaged by the socket and the second medial surface is adapted to be secured to mounting portion. The mounting portion has a first surface and a second medial surface. The first surface is adapted to be fixably engaged to the second mounting portion of the humeral component. The second medial surface is adapted to be secured to the humerus. A peg which has a first end adapted to engage a cavity found in the humerus is disposed on the mounting portion's second medial surface.

Abstract translation: 一种用于关节置换术的两片肱骨构件，其适于植入关节并由接头的插座部件接合。 关节部件包括具有第一关节表面和与第一关节表面相对的第二内侧表面的主体。 第一铰接表面适于由插座接合，第二内表面适于固定到安装部分。 安装部分具有第一表面和第二内侧表面。 第一表面适于可固定地接合到肱骨组件的第二安装部分。 第二内侧表面适于固定在肱骨上。 具有适于接合肱骨中存在的空腔的第一端的栓钉设置在安装部分的第二内侧表面上。