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    Voltage controlled spin transport channel
    2.
    发明授权
    Voltage controlled spin transport channel 有权
    电压控制自旋传输通道

    公开(公告)号：US09548092B2

    公开(公告)日：2017-01-17

    申请号：US13690803

    申请日：2012-11-30

    Applicant: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Commerce

    Inventor： Curt Andrew Richter ,  Hyuk-Jae Jang

    IPC: G11C11/14 ,  G11C11/16 ,  H01L43/08 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L27/22

    CPC classification number: G11C11/161 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G11C11/16 ,  H01L27/222 ,  H01L29/66984 ,  H01L43/08

    Abstract: A spin transport channel includes a dielectric layer contacting a conductive layer. The dielectric layer includes at least one of a tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, and nickel oxide. An intermediate spin layer contacts the dielectric layer. The intermediate spin layer includes at least one of copper and silver. The conductive layer is more electrochemically inert than the intermediate spin layer. A polarizer layer contacts the intermediate spin layer. The polarizer layer includes one of a nickel-iron based material, iron, and cobalt based material. The conductive layer and intermediate layer are disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer and the polarizer layer are disposed on opposite sides of the intermediate spin layer. The intermediate spin layer is arranged to form a conducting path through the dielectric layer configured to transport a plurality of electrons. Each of the plurality of electrons maintains a polarized electron spin.

    Abstract translation: 自旋传输通道包括与导电层接触的电介质层。 电介质层包括氧化钽，氧化铪，氧化钛和氧化镍中的至少一种。 中间自旋层接触电介质层。 中间旋涂层包括铜和银中的至少一种。 导电层比中间旋涂层更具电化学惰性。 偏光层接触中间旋涂层。 偏振层包括镍 - 铁基材料，铁和钴基材料中的一种。 导电层和中间层设置在电介质层的相对侧上。 电介质层和偏振层设置在中间旋涂层的相对侧上。 中间自旋层被布置成形成穿过介电层的导电路径，该电介质层配置成传输多个电子。 多个电子中的每一个保持偏振电子自旋。

    Stabilized microwave-frequency source
    3.
    发明授权
    Stabilized microwave-frequency source 有权
    稳定的微波频率源

    公开(公告)号：US09450673B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-09-20

    申请号：US14605977

    申请日：2015-01-26

    Applicant: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

    Inventor： Kerry Vahala ,  Scott Diddams ,  Jiang Li ,  Xu Yi ,  Hansuek Lee

    IPC: H04B10/2507 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04L7/00 ,  H03L7/08 ,  H03L7/16

    CPC classification number: H04B10/2507 ,  H03B17/00 ,  H03L7/08 ,  H03L7/16 ,  H04B10/2504 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04B10/503 ,  H04B2210/006 ,  H04L7/0075 ,  H04L7/0091

    Abstract: A microwave-frequency source at frequency fM comprises: a dual optical-frequency reference source, an electro-optic sideband generator, an optical bandpass filter, an optical detector, a reference oscillator, an electrical circuit, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The sideband generator modulates dual optical reference signals at v2 and v1 to generate sideband signals at v1±n1fM and v2±n2fM. The bandpass filter transmits sideband signals at v1+N1fM and v2−N2fM. The optical detector generates a beat note at (v2−N2fM)−(v1+N1fM). The beat note and a reference oscillator signal are processed by the circuit to generate a loop-filtered error signal to input to the VCO. Output of the VCO at fM drives the sideband generator and forms the microwave-frequency output signal. The resultant frequency division results in reduced phase noise on the microwave-frequency signal.

    Abstract translation: 频率fM的微波频率源包括：双光频参考源，电光边带发生器，光带通滤波器，光检测器，参考振荡器，电路和压控振荡器（VCO ）。 边带发生器在v2和v1处调制双光参考信号，以在v1±n1fM和v2±n2fM产生边带信号。 带通滤波器发送v1 + N1fM和v2-N2fM的边带信号。 光学检测器在（v2-N2fM） - （v1 + N1fM）处产生节拍。 拍音和参考振荡器信号由电路处理以产生环路滤波的误差信号以输入到VCO。 在fM处的VCO的输出驱动边带发生器并形成微波频率输出信号。 所得到的分频导致微波频率信号上的相位噪声减小。

    K-zero day safety
    4.
    发明授权
    K-zero day safety 有权
    K零日安全

    公开(公告)号：US09325729B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-04-26

    申请号：US14324966

    申请日：2014-07-07

    Applicant: George Mason Research Foundation, Inc. ,  The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, The National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Inventor： Sushil Jajodia ,  Lingyu Wang ,  Steven Noel ,  Anoop Singhal

    IPC: H04L29/06 ,  G06F21/57

    CPC classification number: H04L63/1433 ,  G06F21/577

    Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a safety level of a network vulnerable to attack from at least one origin to at least one target are described. Machines, components, and vulnerabilities in a network may be associated to one another. Degrees of similarity among the vulnerabilities may be determined and subsets of vulnerabilities may be grouped based on their determined degrees of similarity to one another. This data may be used to generate an attack graph describing exploitation of vulnerabilities and grouped vulnerabilities and defining vulnerability exploit condition relationships between at least one origin and at least one target. The attack graph may be analyzed using a k-zero day metric function to determine a safety level.

    Abstract translation: 描述了用于确定易受从至少一个起点到至少一个目标的攻击的网络的安全级别的系统和方法。 网络中的机器，组件和漏洞可能会相互关联。 可以确定漏洞之间的相似度，并且可以基于它们确定的彼此相似度来分组漏洞子集。 该数据可用于生成描述利用漏洞和分组漏洞的攻击图，并定义至少一个起始点和至少一个目标之间的漏洞利用条件关系。 可以使用k-zero日度量函数来分析攻击图，以确定安全级别。

    VOLTAGE CONTROLLED SPIN TRANSPORT CHANNEL
    5.
    发明申请
    VOLTAGE CONTROLLED SPIN TRANSPORT CHANNEL 有权
    电压控制的自旋运输通道

    公开(公告)号：US20140153327A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

    申请号：US13690803

    申请日：2012-11-30

    Applicant: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Government of the United States of America, as R

    Inventor： Curt Andrew Richter ,  Hyuk-Jae Jang

    IPC: G11C11/16 ,  H01L43/02

    CPC classification number: G11C11/161 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G11C11/16 ,  H01L27/222 ,  H01L29/66984 ,  H01L43/08

    Abstract: A spin transport channel includes a dielectric layer contacting a conductive layer. The dielectric layer includes at least one of a tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, and nickel oxide. An intermediate spin layer contacts the dielectric layer. The intermediate spin layer includes at least one of copper and silver. The conductive layer is more electrochemically inert than the intermediate spin layer. A polarizer layer contacts the intermediate spin layer. The polarizer layer includes one of a nickel-iron based material, iron, and cobalt based material. The conductive layer and intermediate layer are disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer and the polarizer layer are disposed on opposite sides of the intermediate spin layer. The intermediate spin layer is arranged to form a conducting path through the dielectric layer configured to transport a plurality of electrons. Each of the plurality of electrons maintains a polarized electron spin.

    Abstract translation: 自旋传输通道包括与导电层接触的电介质层。 电介质层包括氧化钽，氧化铪，氧化钛和氧化镍中的至少一种。 中间自旋层接触电介质层。 中间旋涂层包括铜和银中的至少一种。 导电层比中间旋涂层更具电化学惰性。 偏光层接触中间旋涂层。 偏振层包括镍 - 铁基材料，铁和钴基材料中的一种。 导电层和中间层设置在电介质层的相对侧上。 电介质层和偏振层设置在中间旋涂层的相对侧上。 中间自旋层被布置成形成穿过介电层的导电路径，该电介质层配置成传输多个电子。 多个电子中的每一个保持偏振电子自旋。

    Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis for use with complex samples and detection of toxins
    6.
    发明授权
    Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis for use with complex samples and detection of toxins 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11479804B1

    公开(公告)日：2022-10-25

    申请号：US16236697

    申请日：2018-12-31

    Applicant: Applied Research Associates, Inc. ,  Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, The National Institute Of Standards And Technology

    Inventor： Alyssa Catharyn Henry ,  David Judson Ross

    IPC: C12Q1/46 ,  B01L3/00 ,  G01N27/447 ,  C12Q1/527 ,  B01D57/02 ,  G01N30/28

    Abstract: Methods of detecting the presence of toxins in a sample using electrophoretic separations and of performing electrophoretic separation of complex samples are provided. The method of detecting the presence of toxins includes reacting a sample and a substrate with a signaling enzyme which converts the substrate to the product in a reaction medium, introducing a run buffer into a separation channel having an inlet end, selectively introducing at least one of the substrate and the product of the reaction medium into the inlet end of the separation channel, electrophoretically separating the substrate and the product, and determining the rate of conversion of the substrate to the product, wherein a change in the rate of conversion is indicative of the presence of toxins. The method of performing electrophoretic separations of complex samples having charged particulates and oppositely charged analytes comprising introducing a run buffer into a separation channel having an inlet end, selectively introducing the oppositely charged analytes in the complex sample into the separation channel, and electrophoretically separating the charged particulates and the oppositely charged analytes. Additionally, a device for varying with respect to time the bulk flow of a fluid in a separation channel of an electrophoretic device having a buffer reservoir in fluid contact with the separation channel is provided. The device includes a pressure sensor in fluid contact with a buffer reservoir, a high pressure reservoir in selective fluidic communication with the buffer reservoir, a low pressure reservoir in selective fluidic communication with the buffer reservoir and in fluidic communication with the high pressure reservoir, and a pumping device for pumping a gas from the low pressure reservoir to the high pressure reservoir.

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