公开(公告)号：US07415761B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-26

申请号：US10356464

申请日：2003-02-03

Applicant: Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H01K3/10

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin 20 by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. At this time, copper foil 22, the thickness of which is reduced (to 3 μm) by performing etching to lower the thermal conductivity is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening 20a can be formed in the resin 20 if the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Therefore, occurrence of undercut of the resin 20 which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂20中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 此时，通过进行蚀刻来降低导热率的铜箔22的厚度（3μm）被用作保形掩模。 因此，如果脉冲形激光束的照射次数减少，则可以在树脂20中形成开口部20a。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂20的底切的发生。 因此，可以提高通孔连接的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US20050263713A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

申请号：US11196262

申请日：2005-08-04

Applicant: Yuichi Iwasaki ,  Masato Muraki ,  Kenji Tamamori ,  Kouji Asano ,  Masayoshi Esashi ,  Yoshinori Nakayama ,  Shinichi Hashimoto ,  Yoshiaki Moro

Inventor： Yuichi Iwasaki ,  Masato Muraki ,  Kenji Tamamori ,  Kouji Asano ,  Masayoshi Esashi ,  Yoshinori Nakayama ,  Shinichi Hashimoto ,  Yoshiaki Moro

IPC: H01J37/147 ,  H01J3/14

CPC classification number: H01J37/045 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  H01J37/1477 ,  H01J37/3174 ,  H01J2237/0437 ,  H01J2237/31774

Abstract: A deflector which deflects a charged particle beam includes a substrate having an opening through which the charged particle beam should pass, and a deflection electrode which is arranged in the opening to deflect the charged particle beam and has a first conductive member and second conductive member which are formed by plating. The second conductive member is formed on a surface of the first conductive member and is essentially made of a material that is more difficult to oxidize than the first conductive member.

Abstract translation: 偏转带电粒子束的偏转器包括具有带电粒子束应穿过的开口的基板和设置在开口中以偏转带电粒子束的偏转电极，并具有第一导电部件和第二导电部件， 通过电镀形成。 第二导电构件形成在第一导电构件的表面上，并且基本上由比第一导电构件更难氧化的材料制成。

公开(公告)号：US06591495B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09797916

申请日：2001-03-05

Applicant: Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H05K302

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. Copper foil, the thickness of which is reduced to 3 &mgr;m by etching to lower the thermal conductivity, is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening is formed in the resin and the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Thus, occurence of undercut of the resin, which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer, can be prevented and the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 铜箔的厚度通过蚀刻减少到3μm，以降低导热率，被用作保形掩模。 因此，在树脂中形成开口，并且脉冲形状的激光束的照射次数减少。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂的底切的发生，并且可以提高通孔的连接的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US09075213B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-07

申请号：US14344368

申请日：2012-09-14

Applicant: Tsuyoshi Kimura ,  Yoshihiro Tsukamoto ,  Kouji Asano

Inventor： Tsuyoshi Kimura ,  Yoshihiro Tsukamoto ,  Kouji Asano

IPC: G02B6/44 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/12

CPC classification number: G02B6/443 ,  G02B6/02033 ,  G02B6/02395 ,  G02B6/4436 ,  G02B6/448 ,  G02B2006/12069

Abstract: Provided is a plastic optical fiber cable including a plastic optical fiber 12 comprising of a core 11A and a cladding 11B, and a jacketing layer covering the plastic optical fiber 12, in which the jacketing layer includes at least two layers of an inner layer 13 and an outer layer 14, the inner layer 13 is formed of a resin comprising of a copolymer of ethylene and a (meth)acrylic compound, and the outer layer 14 is formed of a fluorine-based resin. A plastic optical fiber cable excellent in flame retardance, appearance, and processability at the time of use is obtained from the plastic optical fiber cable described above.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种塑料光缆，其包括由芯11A和包层11B构成的塑料光纤12，以及覆盖塑料光纤12的护套层，其中护套层包括至少两层内层13和 外层14，内层13由乙烯与（甲基）丙烯酸系化合物的共聚物构成的树脂形成，外层14由氟系树脂形成。 从上述塑料光缆获得使用时的阻燃性，外观和加工性优异的塑料光纤电缆。

公开(公告)号：US08148643B2

公开(公告)日：2012-04-03

申请号：US11875486

申请日：2007-10-19

Applicant: Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H05K1/03

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin 20 by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. At this time, copper foil 22, the thickness of which is reduced (to 3 μm) by performing etching to lower the thermal conductivity is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening 20a can be formed in the resin 20 if the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Therefore, occurrence of undercut of the resin 20 which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂20中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 此时，通过进行蚀刻来降低导热率的铜箔22的厚度（3μm）被用作保形掩模。 因此，如果脉冲形激光束的照射次数减少，则可以在树脂20中形成开口20a。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂20的底切的发生。 因此，可以提高通孔连接的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US06455783B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

申请号：US09554481

申请日：2000-05-11

Applicant: Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Mitsuhiro Kondo ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Hisashi Minoura

Inventor： Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Mitsuhiro Kondo ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Hisashi Minoura

IPC: H05K103

CPC classification number: H05K3/403 ,  H01L21/4857 ,  H01L21/486 ,  H01L23/49805 ,  H01L23/49822 ,  H01L23/49833 ,  H01L24/48 ,  H01L24/49 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/49109 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01006 ,  H01L2924/01018 ,  H01L2924/01028 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/0105 ,  H01L2924/01061 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/014 ,  H01L2924/04953 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/15153 ,  H01L2924/1517 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H01L2924/1532 ,  H05K1/182 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0082 ,  H05K3/064 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4652 ,  H05K2201/09454 ,  H05K2201/09518 ,  H05K2201/09645 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/1394 ,  H01L2224/45099 ,  H01L2224/05599 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer printed circuit board that shortens the distance between pattern layers and facilitates formation of a minute conductive hole having superior conductive reliability. A core substrate (21) including ad core pattern (12, 13), which has a pad (101, 111), is first prepared. Then, a laminated plate is formed by laminating an insulating layer (22) on the surface of the core substrate. Afterward, a surface pattern (11) is formed on the surface of the laminated plate. Further, the conductive hole (30, 31) is formed by irradiating a laser beam at the laminated plate. The bottom opening of the conductive hole (30, 31) is covered by the pad (101, 111).

Abstract translation: 一种制造多层印刷电路板的方法，其缩短图案层之间的距离，并且有助于形成具有优良导电可靠性的微小导电孔。 首先准备包括具有焊盘（101,111）的焊盘图案（12,13）的芯基板（21）。 然后，通过在芯基板的表面上层叠绝缘层（22）来形成层压板。 之后，在层叠板的表面上形成表面图案（11）。 此外，通过在层压板上照射激光束来形成导电孔（30,31）。 导电孔（30,31）的底部开口由垫（101,111）覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US06444924B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-03

申请号：US09359981

申请日：1999-07-23

Applicant: Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano

Inventor： Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano

IPC: H01R109

CPC classification number: H01L23/49827 ,  H01L23/49816 ,  H01L23/49833 ,  H01L24/48 ,  H01L24/49 ,  H01L24/73 ,  H01L2224/32225 ,  H01L2224/32245 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/49109 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/01077 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/12033 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/15153 ,  H01L2924/1517 ,  H01L2924/15173 ,  H01L2924/15312 ,  H01L2924/1532 ,  H05K3/308 ,  H05K3/3426 ,  H05K3/3436 ,  H05K3/368 ,  H05K2201/09481 ,  H05K2201/10234 ,  H05K2201/10318 ,  H05K2201/10477 ,  H05K2201/10666 ,  H05K2201/10871 ,  Y02P70/613 ,  H01L2224/48227 ,  H01L2924/00012 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2224/45015 ,  H01L2924/207 ,  H01L2224/45099 ,  H01L2224/05599 ,  H01L2224/85399

Abstract: A printed wiring board has a circuit substrate 6 having a conductor circuit 5 and a through hole 60, and also has a joining pin 1 inserted into the through hole. The joining pin is manufactured by using a material unmelted at a heating temperature in joining the joining pin to an opposite party pad 81. The joining pin is constructed by a joining head portion 11 having a greater diameter than an opening diameter of the through hole. The joining pin forms a joining portion for joining and connection to the opposite party pad. The joining pin has a leg portion 12 having a diameter smaller than the through hole. The leg portion is inserted into the through hole and is joined to the through hole by a conductive material such as a soldering material 20, etc. In lieu of a joining pin, a joining ball approximately having a spherical shape can be joined to the through hole by the conductive material.

Abstract translation: 印刷电路板具有电路基板6，电路基板6具有导体电路5和通孔60，并且还具有插入到通孔中的接合销1。 接合销通过使用在加热温度下未熔化的材料来制造，该材料将接合销接合到相对方垫81.接合销由具有比通孔的开口直径更大的直径的接合头部11构成。 接合销形成用于接合和连接到对方垫的接合部分。 连接销具有直径比通孔小的腿部12。 腿部插入到通孔中，并且通过诸如焊接材料20等的导电材料接合到通孔。代替接合销，可以将大致具有球形的接合球接合到通孔 孔由导电材料制成。

公开(公告)号：US20120125680A1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-24

申请号：US13357663

申请日：2012-01-25

Applicant: Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro Hirose ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H05K1/02 ,  C25D5/02 ,  B23K1/20 ,  B23K31/02 ,  H05K3/46 ,  C25D7/00

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin 20 by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. At this time, copper foil 22, the thickness of which is reduced (to 3 μm) by performing etching to lower the thermal conductivity is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening 20a can be formed in the resin 20 if the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Therefore, occurrence of undercut of the resin 20 which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂20中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 此时，通过进行蚀刻来降低导热率的铜箔22的厚度（3μm）被用作保形掩模。 因此，如果脉冲形激光束的照射次数减少，则可以在树脂20中形成开口20a。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂20的底切的发生。 因此，可以防止通孔的连接的可靠性。 因此，可以提高通孔连接的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US20080189943A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-14

申请号：US12098582

申请日：2008-04-07

Applicant: Naohiro HIROSE ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro HIROSE ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H05K3/42 ,  H01L21/306

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin 20 by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. At this time, copper foil 22, the thickness of which is reduced (to 3 μm) by performing etching to lower the thermal conductivity is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening 20a can be formed in the resin 20 if the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Therefore, occurrence of undercut of the resin 20 which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂20中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 此时，通过进行蚀刻来降低导热率的铜箔22的厚度（3μm）被用作保形掩模。 因此，如果脉冲形激光束的照射次数减少，则可以在树脂20中形成开口部20a。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂20的底切的发生。 因此，可以提高通孔连接的可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US20080173473A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-24

申请号：US11875486

申请日：2007-10-19

Applicant: Naohiro HIROSE ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

Inventor： Naohiro HIROSE ,  Kouta Noda ,  Hiroshi Segawa ,  Honjin En ,  Kiyotaka Tsukada ,  Naoto Ishida ,  Kouji Asano ,  Atsushi Shouda

IPC: H01R12/04

CPC classification number: H05K3/4652 ,  B23K26/389 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  H01L2924/15174 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H05K1/0201 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  H05K3/0035 ,  H05K3/0038 ,  H05K3/0055 ,  H05K3/0094 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/381 ,  H05K3/383 ,  H05K3/384 ,  H05K3/427 ,  H05K3/4602 ,  H05K3/4623 ,  H05K3/4661 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  H05K2201/0352 ,  H05K2201/0358 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/09536 ,  H05K2201/0959 ,  H05K2201/09827 ,  H05K2201/09863 ,  H05K2201/09881 ,  H05K2203/0307 ,  H05K2203/0353 ,  H05K2203/0554 ,  H05K2203/0773 ,  H05K2203/107 ,  H05K2203/121 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49128 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165

Abstract: An opening is formed in resin 20 by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. At this time, copper foil 22, the thickness of which is reduced (to 3 μm) by performing etching to lower the thermal conductivity is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening 20a can be formed in the resin 20 if the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Therefore, occurrence of undercut of the resin 20 which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer can be prevented. Thus, the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract translation: 通过激光束在树脂20中形成开口，从而形成通孔。 此时，通过进行蚀刻来降低导热率的铜箔22的厚度（3μm）被用作保形掩模。 因此，如果脉冲形激光束的照射次数减少，则可以在树脂20中形成开口部20a。 因此，可以防止形成层间绝缘树脂层的树脂20的底切的发生。 因此，可以提高通孔连接的可靠性。