摘要:
A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.
摘要:
A process for forming polysaccharide structures such as beads, gel films and porous coatings on porous substrates by forming a room temperature gel-inhibited solution of a polysaccharide, one or more gel-inhibiting agent(s) and a solvent such as water, heating the mixture until all the components are dissolved, cooling the mixture as a solution to about room temperature, forming a three dimensional structure with the solution and adding the structure to a gelling agent to form a polysaccharide gel. Optionally, the solution can be added to a porous structure such as a non-woven fabric or a porous membrane and the solution is allowed to dry before being subjected to the gelling agent. Porous structures having a polysaccharide coating and being capable of convective flow through the pores of the structure and diffusive flow through the coating can be formed.
摘要:
In a process for oligomerizing a C2 to C6 n-olefin feedstock over surface deactivated ZSM-23, the feedstock contains from about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt % of an iso-olefin and the C12+ fraction of the oligomerized olefin product contains less than 0.5 atom % of quaternary carbon atoms.
摘要翻译:在通过表面失活的ZSM-23将C 2〜C 6向C 6正构烯烃原料进行低聚的方法中,原料含有约0.1重量%至约25重量%的 低聚烯烃产物的异烯烃和C 12 H 12 +馏分含有小于0.5原子%的季碳原子。
摘要:
A titanium catalyst for reaction between a compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a compound having an electrophilic functional group or an electrophilic reagent, said titanium catalyst being composed of a titanium compound represented by the formula (1) below TiX1X2X3X4 (1) (where X1, X2, X3, and X4 denote independently a halogen atom, C1-20 alkoxyl group, aralkyloxy group, aryloxy group, or —NRxRy group (where Rx and Ry denote independently a C1-20 alkyl group or aralkyl group), and any two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 may form a ring.) and a Grignard reagent represented by the formula (2) below in a molar amount 1.5-2.5 times as much as the titanium compound. R1MgX5 (2) (where R1 denotes a C2-10 alkyl group having a hydrogen atom at the β position and X5 denotes a halogen atom.) The titanium catalyst of the present invention activates the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, which has a comparatively low reactivity, thereby catalyzing the reaction with an electrophilic functional group. It is inexpensive and industrially advantageous. When applied to reaction between a compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and an electrophilic functional group, it yields industrially a variety of adducts of a compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a compound having an electrophilic functional group, and it also yields a variety of intramolecular adducts of a compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and an electrophilic functional group in the same molecule.
摘要:
The present invention provides a system, method and catalyst for catalyzing alkylation reactions. The method includes catalyzing an alkylation reaction using a base treated, sulfonated, halogenated, and optionally acid regenerated thermally stable catalyst.
摘要:
A reagent comprising a compound of formula (I): R.sub.f --M(X) (Z).sub.n --Y--R, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical advantageously having at most 10 carbon atoms and being selected from alkyls and aryls; R.sub.f is a radical of formula II: R.sub.1 --(C.XI..sub.2).sub.m --CF.sub.2 --, where R.sub.1 is a fluorine or chlorine atom or a carbon radical, m is 0 or a integer from 0-12, and each .XI., which may be the same or different, is a chlorine or preferably fluorine atom, with the proviso that when m is 0, R.sub.1 is electroattractive, preferably a fluorine atom;n is 0 or 1; M is a non-metal selected from carbon and chalcogens with an atomic number higher than oxygen; and each of X, Y and Z, which are the same or different, is a chalcogen; as well as a generator, for consecutive or simultaneous addition. The reagent is useful for organic synthesis.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for stereoselective cycloaddition reactions which generally comprises a cycloaddition reaction between a pair of chiral or prochiral substrates that contain reactive .pi.-systems, in the present of a non-racemic chiral catalyst, to produce a stereoisomerically enriched product.
摘要:
A process for the treatment of a feed comprising at least hydrocarbons containing at least 3 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, including acetylenic and diolefinic hydrocarbons, comprises passing the feed into a distillation zone associated with a selective hydrogenation reaction zone comprising at least one catalytic hydrogenation bed which is internal to or external of the distillation zone, in which hydrogenation of at least a portion of the acetylenic and diolefinic hydrocarbons contained in the feed is carried out in the presence of a gas stream rich in hydrogen. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of products from catalytic cracking.
摘要:
For the treatment of a feed comprising a major portion of olefinic hydrocarbons containing 4 carbon atoms per molecule, including isobutene, 1-butene and 2-butenes in a ratio which substantially corresponds to the thermodynamic equilibrium, in which the feed is treated in a distillation zone comprising a stripping zone and a rectification zone associated with at least one hydroisomerization reaction zone, the hydroisomerization reaction zone being at least partially internal to the distillation zone and comprising at least one catalytic bed, in which hydroisomerization of at least a portion of 1-butene is carried out in the presence of a hydroisomerization catalyst and at least one gas stream comprising hydrogen, such that an effluent rich in isobutene leaves the distillation zone overhead and an effluent rich in 2-butenes leaves the bottom, the process being characterized in that each catalytic bed in the internal portion of the hydroisomerization zone is traversed by an ascending co-current of the gas stream and liquid and is substantially out of contact with the distillation vapor.
摘要:
This invention describes a new methylation or ethylation agent containing trimethyl aluminum or dimethyl zinc or triethyl aluminum as methyl or ethyl source, which additionally contains catalytic amounts of one or more copper(I) and/or copper(II) compounds as well as a process for the 1,4-addition of a methyl or ethyl group to an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated or an .alpha.,.beta.-double unsaturated ketone or an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde using the agent according to the invention.By using only catalytic amounts of copper and a CKW (chlorinatedhydrocarbon)-free reaction medium, the new methylation/ethylation agent/process is distinguished by its environmental compatibility and it is, for example, suitable for the production of initial products for the synthesis of biologically effective compounds.