摘要:
Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents and toxins such as Aflatoxins, Botulinum toxins, and Clostridium perfrigens toxins are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with a finely divided metal oxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. The methods of the invention are safe for humans, equipment, and the environment, and provide for decontamination of warfare sites, of equipment exposed to the contaminant, and of soil, water and air having been exposed to the contaminant. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO and mixtures thereof. Preferred reactive atoms stabilized on the surfaces of the metal oxide nanocrystals include halogens and Group I metals, and preferred species stabilized on the surfaces of the metal oxide nanocrystals include SO2, NO2 and ozone.
摘要翻译:提供用于破坏生物制剂和毒素如黄曲霉毒素,肉毒杆菌毒素和梭菌毒素毒素的组合物和方法,其中待破坏的物质与细碎的金属氧化物纳米晶体接触。 在各种实施方案中,金属氧化物纳米晶体在其表面上具有稳定的反应性原子,吸附在其表面上的物质或用第二金属氧化物涂覆。 当粉末不可行时,所需的金属氧化物纳米晶体可以压制成颗粒使用。 本发明的方法对于人类,设备和环境是安全的,并且对于暴露于污染物的设备以及已经暴露于污染物的土壤,水和空气的作战地点,设备的去污, 用于该方法的优选金属氧化物包括MgO,CaO,TiO 2,ZrO 2,FeO,V 2 O 5,Mn 2 O 3,Fe 2 O 3,NiO,CuO,Al 2 O 3,ZnO及其混合物。 在金属氧化物纳米晶体的表面上稳定的优选的反应性原子包括卤素和第I族金属,并且在金属氧化物纳米晶体的表面上稳定的优选物质包括SO 2,NO 2和臭氧。
摘要:
Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.
摘要:
Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.
摘要:
Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.
摘要:
Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents such as toxins and bacteria are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide or hydroxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, Ag2O, [Ce(NO3)3—Cu(NO3)2]TiO2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, AgOH, and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译:提供了用于破坏生物制剂如毒素和细菌的组合物和方法,其中待破坏的物质与细碎的金属氧化物或氢氧化物纳米晶体接触。 在各种实施方案中,金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体在其表面上具有稳定的反应性原子,吸附在其表面上的物质或用第二金属氧化物涂覆。 当粉末不可行时,可以将期望的金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体压制成颗粒使用。 用于该方法的优选金属氧化物包括MgO,SrO,BaO,CaO,TiO 2,ZrO 2,FeO,V 2 O 2, 3个O 2,5个2 O 3,3个O 2,3个3, 3,N 3,NiO,CuO,Al 2 O 3,SiO 2,ZnO,Ag < SUB> 2 ,[Ce(NO 3 3)3 -Cu(NO 3)2 SUB Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Al(OH)3 3, ,Sr(OH)2,Ba(OH)2,Fe(OH)3,Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2,Co(OH)2,Zn(OH)2,AgOH及其混合物。
摘要:
Improved area decontamination products and methods of use thereof are provided which include reactive nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof) with one or more biocides and a liquid carrier for the nanoparticles and biocide(s). The products may be formulated for area decontamination as sprays, fogs, aerosols, pastes, gels, wipes or foams, and the presence of reactive nanoparticles enhances the neutralization of undesirable chemical or biological compounds or agents. The nanoparticles may be from the group consisting of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, actinide and lanthanide oxides and hydroxides and mixtures thereof. In preferred forms, nanocrystalline oxides and hydroxides of Al, Ca, Ce, Mg, Sr, Sn, Ti and Zn are employed having single crystallite sizes of up to about 20 nm and surface areas of at least about 15 m2/g.
摘要:
A method is provided for destroying a target component, such as hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, diethyl-4-nitrophenylphosphate (paraoxon), 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), bacteria such as Bacillus Cereus, Bacillus Globigii, Chlamydia and/or Rickettsiae, fungi and viruses, by contacting the target component with an adsorbent such as MgO, CaO, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, FeO, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, V.sub.2 O.sub.3, Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiO, CuO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZnO and mixtures thereof wherein the adsorbent contains either reactive atoms selected from the group consisting of halogens and alkali metals stabilized on the surfaces of the adsorbent or ozone and wherein the contacting is conducted at a temperature of -40 to 600.degree. C. for a time period of at least about 4 seconds. The adsorbent may be in the form of solids having a size of about 3 to 20 nanometers or in the form of pellets having a size of at least 1 millimeter.
摘要翻译:提供了一种破坏目标组分如烃类,卤代烃类,4-硝基苯基磷酸二乙酯(对氧磷),2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-CEES),二甲基甲基膦酸酯(DMMP),细菌如Bacillus cereus,Bacillus Globigii ,衣原体和/或立克次氏体,真菌和病毒,通过使目标组分与诸如MgO,CaO,TiO 2,ZrO 2,FeO,V 2 O 5,V 2 O 3,Mn 2 O 3,Fe 2 O 3,NiO,CuO,Al 2 O 3,ZnO的吸附剂和其混合物接触, 吸附剂包含选自稳定在吸附剂或臭氧表面上的卤素和碱金属的反应性原子,其中接触在-40至600℃的温度下进行至少约 4秒。 吸附剂可以是具有约3至20纳米尺寸或具有至少1毫米尺寸的颗粒形式的固体形式。
摘要:
Pelletized adsorbent compositions and methods of adsorbing toxic target compounds are provided for the destructive adsorption or chemisorption of toxic or undesired compounds. The pelletized adsorbents are formed by pressing together powder nanocrystalline particles comprising a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide at pressures of from about 50 psi to about 6000 psi to form discrete self-sustaining bodies. The pelletized bodies should retain at least about 25% of the surface area/unit mass and total pore volume of the starting metal particles.
摘要:
Pelletized adsorbent compositions and methods of adsorbing toxic target compounds are provided for the destructive adsorption or chemisorption of toxic or undesired compounds. The pelletized adsorbents are formed by pressing together powder nanocrystalline particles comprising a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide at pressures of from about 50 psi to about 6000 psi to form discrete self-sustaining bodies. The pelletized bodies should retain at least about 25% of the surface area/unit mass and total pore volume of the starting metal particles.
摘要:
Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents such as toxins and bacteria are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide or hydroxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, Ag2O, [Ce(NO3)3—Cu(NO3)2]TiO2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, AgOH, and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译:提供了用于破坏生物制剂如毒素和细菌的组合物和方法,其中待破坏的物质与细碎的金属氧化物或氢氧化物纳米晶体接触。 在各种实施方案中,金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体在其表面上具有稳定的反应性原子,吸附在其表面上的物质或用第二金属氧化物涂覆。 当粉末不可行时,可以将期望的金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体压制成颗粒使用。 优选的金属氧化物包括MgO,SrO,BaO,CaO,TiO2,ZrO2,FeO,V2O3,V2O5,Mn2O3,Fe2O3,NiO,CuO,Al2O3,SiO2,ZnO,Ag2O,[Ce(NO3) NO 3)2] TiO 2,Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Al(OH)3,Sr(OH)2,Ba(OH)2,Fe(OH)3,Cu(OH) OH)2,Co(OH)2,Zn(OH)2,AgOH及其混合物。