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    Membrane processes for metal recovery and pollution control in metal process industries
    4.
    发明授权
    Membrane processes for metal recovery and pollution control in metal process industries 失效
    金属加工工业中金属回收和污染控制的膜工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4655928A

    公开(公告)日：1987-04-07

    申请号：US543191

    申请日：1983-10-18

    申请人： Everett C. Milton ,  Harry P. Gregor

    发明人： Everett C. Milton ,  Harry P. Gregor

    IPC分类号： C02F1/44 ,  B01D61/44 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/62 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B13/00 ,  C22B15/00 ,  C22B17/00 ,  C22B23/00 ,  C22B26/10 ,  C23F1/46 ,  H01M10/54 ,  B01D13/00

    CPC分类号： H01M10/54 ,  B01D61/58 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C22B13/04 ,  C22B15/0086 ,  C22B17/04 ,  C22B23/0453 ,  C22B26/10 ,  C22B7/006 ,  B01D2311/2642 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D61/445 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y02P10/236 ,  Y02W30/84

    摘要： A process for the treatment of an aqueous stream containing an acid or base and typically a precipitatable material such as a metal ion comprises:(a) subjecting the aqueous stream to (i) a treatment to produce a relatively pure stream of water and a concentrated aqueous stream, and (ii) water splitting to produce a stream of base, a stream of acid and a dilute aqueous stream of a concentration lower than the concentrated aqueous stream, the treatments (i) and (ii) being effected in either order,(b) recycling at least part of the pure water stream produced in (a)(i) to an earlier stream either in the production leading to said aqueous stream or to step (i) or (ii),(c) recycling at least part of the acid and/or base streams produced in (a)(ii) to an earlier stream either in the production leading to said aqueous stream or to an earlier step in the process, and(d) recycling at least part of the lower concentration stream produced in (a)(ii) to either (a)(i) or to another step in the process, whereby, when present, only the precipitatable material is removed from the aqueous stream, thereby obviating toxic waste disposal problems.

    摘要翻译： 用于处理含有酸或碱和典型的可沉淀物质如金属离子的含水流的方法包括：（a）使水流经受（i）处理以产生相对纯的水流和浓缩的 水流，和（ii）水分解以产生碱流，酸流和浓度低于浓缩水流的稀水流，处理（i）和（ii）以任何顺序进行， （b）将（a）（i）中生产的纯水流中的至少一部分再循环到生产过程中的较早的流中，或者在步骤（i）或（ii）中，（c）至少再循环 （a）（ii）中生产的一部分酸和/或碱性物流在生产过程中，或者在生产过程中的较早阶段，或（d）回收至少一部分较低的 （a）（ii）中产生的（a）（i）或（p）中的另一步骤产生的浓缩物流 由此，当存在时，只有可沉淀物质从水流中除去，从而避免有毒废物处理问题。

    Crosslinked, interpolymer fixed-charge membranes
    5.
    发明授权
    Crosslinked, interpolymer fixed-charge membranes 失效
    交联的互聚物固定电荷膜

    公开(公告)号：US4012324A

    公开(公告)日：1977-03-15

    申请号：US433930

    申请日：1974-01-15

    申请人： Harry P. Gregor

    发明人： Harry P. Gregor

    IPC分类号： B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B29D7/01 ,  C08J5/22 ,  B01D31/00 ,  B01D13/00

    CPC分类号： C08J5/2268 ,  B01D67/0011 ,  B01D67/0013 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B29D7/01 ,  B01D2323/30

    摘要： Interpolymer fixed-charge membranes of macroscopic homogeneity are prepared by providing a solution containing a matrix polymer, a polyelectrolyte and a crosslinking agent, evaporating the solvent until substantially the desired pore size and other physical properties are obtained in a film cast from the solution, the thereafter chemically crosslinking the film to insolubilize the membrane.

    摘要翻译： 通过提供含有基质聚合物，聚电解质和交联剂的溶液，蒸发溶剂直至从溶液中形成的薄膜中获得基本上所需的孔径和其它物理性质来制备宏观均匀性的互聚物固定电荷膜， 然后使膜化学交联以使膜不溶化。

    Membrane processes for treatment of and recovery of components from kraft black liquors
    6.
    发明授权
    Membrane processes for treatment of and recovery of components from kraft black liquors 失效
    用于处理和回收硫酸盐黑液的组分的膜方法

    公开(公告)号：US4775480A

    公开(公告)日：1988-10-04

    申请号：US8176

    申请日：1987-01-29

    申请人： Everett C. Milton ,  Harry P. Gregor

    发明人： Everett C. Milton ,  Harry P. Gregor

    IPC分类号： B01D61/44 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B15/00 ,  C22B26/10 ,  H01M10/54 ,  B01D13/00

    CPC分类号： H01M10/54 ,  B01D61/58 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C22B13/04 ,  C22B15/0086 ,  C22B17/04 ,  C22B23/0453 ,  C22B26/10 ,  C22B7/006 ,  B01D2311/2642 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/147 ,  B01D61/445 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y02P10/236 ,  Y02W30/84

    摘要： A process for the treatment of an aqueous stream containing an acid or base and typically a precipitatable material such as a metal ion comprises:(a) subjecting the aqueous stream to (i) a treatment to produce a relatively pure stream of water and a concentrated aqueous stream, and (ii) water splitting to produce a stream of base, a stream of acid and a dilute aqueous stream of a concentration lower than the concentrated aqueous stream, the treatments (i) and (ii) being effected in either order,(b) recycling at least part of the pure water stream produced in (a) (i) to an earlier stream either in the production leading to said aqueous stream or to step (i) or (ii),(c) recycling at least part of the acid and/or base streams produced in (a) (ii) to an earlier stream either in the production leading to said aqueous stream or to an earlier step in the process, and(d) recycling at least part of the lower concentration stream produced in (a) (ii) to either (a) (i) or to another step in the process, whereby, when present, only the precipitatable material is removed from the aqueous stream, thereby obviating toxic waste disposal problems.

    摘要翻译： 用于处理含有酸或碱和典型的可沉淀物质如金属离子的含水流的方法包括：（a）使水流经受（i）处理以产生相对纯的水流和浓缩的 水流，和（ii）水分解以产生碱流，酸流和浓度低于浓缩水流的稀水流，处理（i）和（ii）以任何顺序进行， （b）将（a）（i）中生产的纯水流中的至少一部分再循环到生产过程中的较早的流中，或者在步骤（i）或（ii）中，（c）至少再循环 （a）（ii）中生产的一部分酸和/或碱性物流在生产过程中，或者在生产过程中的较早阶段，或（d）回收至少一部分较低的 （a）（ii）中产生的（a）（i）或（t）中的另一步骤产生的浓缩物流 因此，当存在时，只有可沉淀物质从水流中除去，从而避免有毒废物处理问题。

    Surface treatments to impart hydrophilicity
    9.
    发明授权
    Surface treatments to impart hydrophilicity 失效
    表面处理赋予亲水性

    公开(公告)号：US5312873A

    公开(公告)日：1994-05-17

    申请号：US711673

    申请日：1991-06-06

    申请人： Harry P. Gregor ,  Alexander Burshteyn ,  Leonard T. Hodgins ,  John Kassotis ,  Edgar Samuelson

    发明人： Harry P. Gregor ,  Alexander Burshteyn ,  Leonard T. Hodgins ,  John Kassotis ,  Edgar Samuelson

    IPC分类号： B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/42 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C08F8/04

    CPC分类号： B01D67/0093 ,  B01D69/125 ,  B01D71/42 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08J7/12 ,  B01D2323/30

    摘要： Water insoluble polymers are treated to place on their exposed surfaces the pendant alkyl imidocarbonyl (amide) groups to impart a high degree of hydrophilicity to that surface. Nitrile-containing polymers or copolymers in the form of insoluble films, filters or membranes are treated to convert a substantial fraction of the surface nitrile groups into the corresponding amide by the use of hydrogen peroxide or concentrated acids. The surface is rendered hydrophilic and resistant to fouling to the extent that even proteins are not denatured thereupon. The surface may also be converted to substituted amides by subsequent reactions to impart to it other functionalities or to serve as the basis for coupling reactions. Other polymers capable of surface treatment to produce pendant amidocarbonyl groups include ones containing pendant esters which on cleavage of the oxygen-carbon bond give pendant alcohol groups. These are converted by cyanoethylation to form the pendant nitrile groups which can be converted to the amide. Other polymers which on hydrolysis give pendant carboxylic acids can be treated with ammonia to also produce pendant amide groups.

    摘要翻译： 处理水不溶性聚合物以在其暴露的表面上放置亚酰氨基羰基（酰胺）基团，以赋予该表面高度亲水性。 处理不溶性膜，过滤器或膜形式的含腈聚合物或共聚物，通过使用过氧化氢或浓缩酸将大部分表面腈基转化为相应的酰胺。 表面被赋予亲水性并且抗结垢至甚至蛋白质不变性的程度。 该表面也可以通过后续反应转化为取代的酰胺，以赋予其它功能或用作偶联反应的基础。 能够进行表面处理以产生酰亚胺基羰基的其它聚合物包括含有侧链酯的聚合物，其在氧 - 碳键裂解时产生侧链醇基。 这些通过氰乙基化反应形成可以转化成酰胺的侧基腈基。 可以用氨处理水解产生侧羧酸的其它聚合物，也可产生酰胺基。

    Surface treatments to impart hydrophilicity
    10.
    发明授权
    Surface treatments to impart hydrophilicity 失效
    表面处理赋予亲水性

    公开(公告)号：US5059659A

    公开(公告)日：1991-10-22

    申请号：US635421

    申请日：1991-01-03

    申请人： Harry P. Gregor ,  Alexander Burshteyn ,  Leonard T. Hodgins ,  John Kassotis ,  Edgar Samuelson

    发明人： Harry P. Gregor ,  Alexander Burshteyn ,  Leonard T. Hodgins ,  John Kassotis ,  Edgar Samuelson

    IPC分类号： B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/42 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08J7/12

    CPC分类号： B01D67/0093 ,  B01D69/125 ,  B01D71/42 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08J7/12 ,  B01D2323/30

    摘要： Water insoluble polymers are treated to place on their exposed surfaces the pendant alkyl imidocarbonyl (amide) groups to impart a high degree of hydrophilicity to that surface. Nitrile-containing polymers or copolymers in the form of insoluble films, filters or membranes are treated to convert a substantial fraction of the surface nitrile groups into the corresponding amide by the use of hydrogen peroxide or concentrated acids. The surface is rendered hydrophilic and resistant to fouling to the extent that even proteins are not denatured thereupon. The surface may also be converted to substituted amides by subsequent reactions to impart to it other functionalities or to serve as the basis for coupling reactions. Other polymers capable of surface treatment to produce pendant amidocarbonyl groups include ones containing pendant esters which on cleavage of the oxygen-carbon bond give pendant alcohol groups. These are converted by cyanoethylation to form the pendant nitrile groups which can be converted to the amide. Other polymers which on hydrolysis give pendant carboxylic acids can be treated with ammonia to also produce pendant amide groups.

    摘要翻译： 处理水不溶性聚合物以在其暴露的表面上放置亚酰氨基羰基（酰胺）基团，以赋予该表面高度亲水性。 处理不溶性膜，过滤器或膜形式的含腈聚合物或共聚物，通过使用过氧化氢或浓缩酸将大部分表面腈基转化为相应的酰胺。 表面被赋予亲水性并且抗结垢至甚至蛋白质不变性的程度。 该表面也可以通过后续反应转化为取代的酰胺，以赋予其它功能或用作偶联反应的基础。 能够进行表面处理以产生酰亚胺基羰基的其它聚合物包括含有侧链酯的聚合物，其在氧 - 碳键裂解时产生侧链醇基。 这些通过氰乙基化反应形成可以转化成酰胺的侧基腈基。 可以用氨处理水解产生侧羧酸的其它聚合物，也可产生酰胺基。