摘要:
A retarding field scanning electron microscope is described. The microscope includes a scanning deflection assembly configured for scanning an electron beam over a specimen, one or more controllers in communication with the scanning deflection assembly for controlling the electron beam scanning pattern, and a combined magnetic-electrostatic objective lens configured for focusing the electron beam including an electrostatic lens portion. The electrostatic lens portion includes a first electrode with a high potential bias, and a second electrode disposed between the first electrode and the specimen plane with a potential bias lower than the first electrode, wherein the second electrode is configured for providing a retarding field. The microscope further includes a voltage supply connected to the second electrode for biasing the second electrode and being in communication with the controllers, wherein the controllers synchronize a variation of the potential of the second electrode with the scanning pattern.
摘要:
A shielding member for a charged particle beam apparatus includes a conductive substrate; and a through hole extending through the conductive substrate. The conductive substrate is comprised of a material having a specific electrical resistivity in a range from about 106 Ωcm to about 1012 Ωcm.
摘要:
Process for the production of ethylene for chemical use starting with a hydrocarbon source according to which: a) the hydrocarbon source is subjected to a first cracking step, namely a pyrolysis step carried out in a cracking oven, thus producing a mixture of cracking products; b) the mixture of cracking products is subjected to a succession of treatment steps, including a compression step, which makes it possible to obtain a purified crude gas stream; c) the purified crude gas stream is then cooled to a temperature where hydrocarbons with 6 and more carbon atoms condense so that they can be removed from the purified crude gas stream; d) the resulting purified gas stream is afterwards supplied to one separating column, where a fraction A containing hydrogen, methane and ethylene is separated at the head of the column and a heavy fraction C is separated at the bottom of the column; e) a part of the reflux of this column is supplied to a refrigeration cycle leading to a fraction B enriched with ethylene; and f) the fraction A and fraction B are separately supplied to chemical use of ethylene.
摘要:
A multifunction module for an electron beam column comprises upper and lower electrodes, and a central ring electrode. The upper and lower electrodes have multipoles and are capable of deflecting, or correcting an aberration of, an electron beam passing through the electrodes. A voltage can be applied to the central ring electrode independently of the voltages applied to the upper and lower electrodes to focus the electron beam on a substrate.
摘要:
An ion beam apparatus and a method for providing an energy-filtered primary ion beam are described. Therein, a primary ion beam having an asymmetric first energy distribution is generated by means of an ion source. The primary ion beam is energy filtered using, for example, a retarding lens.
摘要:
The present invention provides a charged particle beam device for irradiating a specimen with ions. The charged particle beam device comprises a gas field ion source unit for generating a beam of ions, the gas field ion source having an emitter unit having an emitter unit tip; and a gas supply system for directing gas to the emitter unit tip. The gas supply system comprises an array of capillary tubes. Further, the present invention provides a method for irradiating a specimen with ions by operating a charged particle beam device having a gas field ion source, wherein the method comprises the step of directing a gas flow to an emitter unit tip, wherein the gas flow has a gas beam aperture angle of 3° or less.
摘要:
The present invention provides a charged particle beam device. The device comprises an emitter array for emitting a plurality of charged particle beams. The plurality of charged particle beams are imaged with a lens. An electrode unit is provided for accelerating the plurality of charged particle beams. The potential differences between a first potential of the emitter array, a second potential of the electrode unit, and a third potential of a specimen, are controlled by a first control unit and a second control unit. Thereby, the second potential is capable of accelerating the plurality of charged particle beams with respect to the first potential, and the third potential is capable of decelerating the plurality of charged particle beams with respect to the second potential.
摘要:
A method of operating a focused ion beam device for emitting during operation a focused ion beam including ions of a gas generated at a first partial pressure, comprising cleaning an emitter tip positioned in an emitter tip region of the focused ion beam device, the cleaning comprises introducing the gas into the emitter tip region such that the gas has a second partial pressure of at least two times the first pressure. Further, a focused ion beam device is provided, comprising a gas field emitter tip (13) in an emitter tip region emitting an ion beam including ions of a gas, a gas inlet for supplying a gas with different pressures (110), a gas outlet (120), a pressure measurement device for measuring the pressure in the emitter tip region and a control unit (130) for controlling switching between an operation mode and a cleaning mode, further controlling the pressures in the emitter tip region and being connected to the pressure measurement device.
摘要:
A method of operating a focused ion beam device having a gas field ion source is described. According to some embodiments, the method includes emitting an ion beam from a gas field ion source, providing an ion beam column ion beam energy in the ion beam column which is higher than the final beam energy, decelerating the ion beam for providing a final beam energy on impingement of the ion beam on the specimen of 1 keV to 4 keV, and imaging the specimen.
摘要:
Apparatus for combustion of a fuel-oxidizer mixture in a combustion chamber of a turbogroup, in particular of a power plant wherein total oxidizer flow is divided into a main oxidizer flow and a secondary oxidizer flow. The main oxidizer flow is lean mixed with a main fuel flow in a premix burner, and the mixture is fully oxidized in the combustion chamber. The secondary oxidizer flow is divided into a pilot oxidizer flow and a heat-exchanging oxidizer flow. The pilot oxidizer flow is rich mixed with a pilot fuel flow, and the mixture is partially oxidized in a catalyst, with hydrogen being formed. Downstream of the catalyst, the partially oxidized pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture and the heat-exchanging oxidizer flow are together introduced into at least one zone which is suitable for stabilizing the combustion of the main fuel-oxidizer mixture.