公开(公告)号：US20130212344A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-15

申请号：US13833229

申请日：2013-03-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. Byom ,  Daniel J. Post ,  Vadim Khmelnitsky

IPC: G06F12/12

CPC classification number: G06F12/123 ,  G11C16/349 ,  G11C29/42 ,  G11C29/82 ,  G11C29/883 ,  G11C2029/0409 ,  G11C2029/0411

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively retiring blocks based on refresh events of those blocks. In addition to refresh events, other criteria may be applied in making a decision whether to retire a block. By applying the criteria, the system is able to selectively retire blocks that may otherwise continue to be refreshed.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法，用于基于这些块的刷新事件来选择性地退出块。 除了刷新事件之外，还可以采用其他标准来决定是否退出块。 通过应用标准，系统能够选择性地退出可能会继续刷新的块。

公开(公告)号：US20130031302A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-31

申请号：US13632507

申请日：2012-10-01

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. Byom ,  Kenneth Herman

IPC: G06F12/00

CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 ,  G06F11/08 ,  G06F2212/7207 ,  H03M13/095

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for storing data in a portion of a non-volatile memory (“NVM”) such that the status of the NVM portion can be determined with high probability on a subsequent read. An NVM interface, which may receive write commands to store user data in the NVM, can store a fixed predetermined sequence (“FPS”) with the user data. The FPS may ensure that a successful read operation on a NVM portion is not misinterpreted as a failed read operation or as an erased NVM portion. For example, if the NVM returns an all-zero vector when a read request fails, the FPS can include at least one “1” or one “0”, as appropriate, to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful read operations. In some embodiments, the FPS may also be used to differentiate between disturbed data, which passes an error correction check, and correct data.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于将数据存储在非易失性存储器（NVM）的一部分中的系统和方法，使得可以在后续读取时以高概率确定NVM部分的状态。 可以接收写入命令以将用户数据存储在NVM中的NVM接口可以存储具有用户数据的固定预定顺序（FPS）。 FPS可以确保在NVM部分上的成功读取操作不被误解为读取操作失败或被擦除的NVM部分。 例如，如果NVM在读取请求失败时返回全零向量，则FPS可以适当地包括至少一个1或一个0，以区分成功和不成功的读取操作。 在一些实施例中，FPS还可用于区分经过错误校正检查的干扰数据和校正数据。

公开(公告)号：US11972143B2

公开(公告)日：2024-04-30

申请号：US17222978

申请日：2021-04-05

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. Byom ,  Tudor Antoniu ,  Alexander Paley ,  Andrew W. Vogan ,  Muhammad N. Ashraf

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F12/0875

CPC classification number: G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/061 ,  G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F12/0875 ,  G06F2212/1016

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for balancing write commands directed to a non-volatile memory. According to some embodiments, a method may include caching a plurality of write commands into a write cache, and, in response to determining that an available capacity of the write cache satisfies a first threshold value: performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to the first partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that an available capacity of a first partition of the non-volatile memory satisfies a second threshold value; and performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to a second partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that the available capacity of the first partition of the non-volatile memory does not satisfy the second threshold value.

公开(公告)号：US20200381060A1

公开(公告)日：2020-12-03

申请号：US16429021

申请日：2019-06-02

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Muhammad N. Ashraf ,  Alexander Paley ,  Yuhua Liu ,  Vadim Khmelnitsky ,  Matthew J. Byom

IPC: G11C16/22 ,  G06F1/30 ,  G11C7/10 ,  G11C16/16

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing non-volatile memory devices are provided. Embodiments discussed herein provide rapid restart protection for journaling system. The rapid restart protection prevents the NVM from experiencing memory saturation when the NVM system is being forced to handle multiple successive restarts.

公开(公告)号：US09472285B2

公开(公告)日：2016-10-18

申请号：US14204162

申请日：2014-03-11

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. Byom ,  Nir J. Wakrat ,  Kenneth L. Herman

IPC: G06F9/44 ,  G11C16/06 ,  G11C29/08 ,  G11C29/12 ,  G11C16/04

CPC classification number: G11C16/06 ,  G11C16/04 ,  G11C29/08 ,  G11C29/12 ,  G11C2029/1206

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for testing a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory. The non-volatile memory may be virtually partitioned into a test region and a general purpose region. A test application may be stored in the general purpose region, and the test application can be executed to run a test of the memory locations in the test region. The results of the test may be stored in the general purpose region. At the completion of the test, the test results may be provided from the general purpose region and displayed to a user. The virtual partitions may be removed prior to shipping the electronic device for distribution.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法来测试诸如闪存之类的非易失性存储器。 非易失性存储器可以被虚拟地分割成测试区域和通用区域。 测试应用可以存储在通用区域中，并且可以执行测试应用以对测试区域中的存储器位置进行测试。 测试结果可以存储在通用区域中。 在测试完成时，测试结果可以从通用区域提供并显示给用户。 虚拟分区可以在运送电子设备以进行分发之前被移除。

公开(公告)号：US09208116B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-08

申请号：US14595062

申请日：2015-01-12

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Joseph Sokol, Jr. ,  Manoj Radhakrishnan ,  Matthew J. Byom ,  Robert Hoopes ,  Christopher Sarcone

IPC: G06F13/00 ,  G06F13/30 ,  G06F13/18 ,  G06F13/37 ,  G06F13/372 ,  G06F3/00

CPC classification number: G06F13/30 ,  G06F13/18 ,  G06F13/37 ,  G06F13/372

Abstract: Multiple variants of a data processing system, which maintains I/O priority from the time a process makes an I/O request until the hardware services that request, will be described. In one embodiment, a data processing system has one or more processors having one or more processor cores, which execute an operating system and one or more applications of the data processing system. The data processing system also can have one or more non-volatile memory device coupled to the one or more processors to store data of the data processing system, and one or more non-volatile memory controller coupled to the one or more processors. The one or more non-volatile memory controller enables a transfer of data to at least one non-volatile memory device, and the priority level assigned by the operating system is maintained throughout the logical data path of the data processing system.

公开(公告)号：US08918655B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-23

申请号：US14082940

申请日：2013-11-18

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Kenneth L. Herman ,  Matthew J. Byom ,  Michael J. Smith ,  Tahoma M. Toelkes

IPC: G06F12/14 ,  G06F21/72 ,  G06F21/79 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/22 ,  G06F12/02

CPC classification number: G06F12/1408 ,  G06F12/0246 ,  G06F21/72 ,  G06F21/79 ,  G06F2221/2107 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/22

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are provided for whitening and managing data for storage in non-volatile memories, such as Flash memory. In some embodiments, an electronic device such as media player is provided, which may include a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a non-volatile memory. The SoC may include SoC control circuitry and a memory interface that acts as an interface between the SoC control circuitry and the non-volatile memory. The SoC can also include an encryption module, such as a block cipher based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The memory interface can direct the encryption module to whiten all types of data prior to storage in the non-volatile memory, including sensitive data, non-sensitive data, and memory management data. This can, for example, prevent or reduce program-disturb problems or other read/write/erase reliability issues.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于白化和管理数据以存储在诸如闪存的非易失性存储器中的系统，装置和方法。 在一些实施例中，提供诸如媒体播放器的电子设备，其可以包括片上系统（SoC）和非易失性存储器。 SoC可以包括SoC控制电路和用作SoC控制电路和非易失性存储器之间的接口的存储器接口。 SoC还可以包括加密模块，例如基于高级加密标准（AES）的块密码。 存储器接口可以指示加密模块在存储在非易失性存储器之前对所有类型的数据进行白化，包括敏感数据，非敏感数据和存储器管理数据。 这可以例如防止或减少程序干扰问题或其他读/写/擦除可靠性问题。

公开(公告)号：US20140195699A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-10

申请号：US13736846

申请日：2013-01-08

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Joseph Sokol, JR. ,  Manoj Radhakrishnan ,  Matthew J. Byom ,  Robert Hoopes ,  Christopher Sarcone

IPC: G06F13/18

CPC classification number: G06F13/30 ,  G06F13/18 ,  G06F13/37 ,  G06F13/372

Abstract: Multiple variants of a data processing system, which maintains I/O priority from the time a process makes an I/O request until the hardware services that request, will be described. In one embodiment, a data processing system has one or more processors having one or more processor cores, which execute an operating system and one or more applications of the data processing system. The data processing system also can have one or more non-volatile memory device coupled to the one or more processors to store data of the data processing system, and one or more non-volatile memory controller coupled to the one or more processors. The one or more non-volatile memory controller enables a transfer of data to at least one non-volatile memory device, and the priority level assigned by the operating system is maintained throughout the logical data path of the data processing system.

Abstract translation: 数据处理系统的多个变体，将描述从进程I / O请求直到所请求的硬件服务之前的I / O优先级。 在一个实施例中，数据处理系统具有一个或多个处理器，其具有一个或多个处理器核，其执行操作系统和数据处理系统的一个或多个应用。 数据处理系统还可以具有耦合到一个或多个处理器的一个或多个非易失性存储器设备来存储数据处理系统的数据，以及耦合到该一个或多个处理器的一个或多个非易失性存储器控制器。 一个或多个非易失性存储器控制器使得能够将数据传送到至少一个非易失性存储器设备，并且在数据处理系统的整个逻辑数据路径中保持由操作系统分配的优先级。

公开(公告)号：US20140112079A1

公开(公告)日：2014-04-24

申请号：US14144041

申请日：2013-12-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Nir J. Wakrat ,  Daniel J. Post ,  Kenneth L. Herman ,  Vadim Khmelnitsky ,  Nicholas C. Seroff ,  Hsiao H. Thio ,  Matthew J. Byom

IPC: G11C16/30

CPC classification number: G11C16/30 ,  G06F1/26 ,  G06F1/3203

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for managing the peak power consumption of a system, such as a non-volatile memory system (e.g., flash memory system). The system can include multiple subsystems and a controller for controlling the subsystems. Each subsystem may have a current profile that is peaky. Thus, the controller may control the peak power of the system by, for example, limiting the number of subsystems that can perform power-intensive operations at the same time or by aiding a subsystem in determining the peak power that the subsystem may consume at any given time.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于管理诸如非易失性存储器系统（例如，闪存系统）的系统的峰值功率消耗的系统和方法。 该系统可以包括多个子系统和用于控制子系统的控制器。 每个子系统可以具有峰值的当前轮廓。 因此，控制器可以通过例如限制可以同时执行功率密集型操作的子系统的数量来控制系统的峰值功率，或通过辅助子系统来确定子系统可能消耗的峰值功率 给定时间