Abstract:
A semiconductor with a P/N junction, adapted to be used as a detector or emitter of luminous radiation, is grown from a bath consisting of a liquefied mixture of three elements which are the constituents of two alloys or solid solutions taken from Groups II/VI and/or IV/VI of the Periodic Table. The proportions of the three elements in the mixture are so chosen that the solidus curve of the temperature/composition diagram intersects the stoichiometric line at a point lying along the boundary between the solid and the solid/liquid phase on the side of the lower concentrations of the element common to the two alloys. In a state of thermodynamic equilibrium for the liquid/solid phase, the bath is slowly cooled in a temperature range above or below a critical temperature corresponding to the point of intersection with resulting growth of an N-type or P-type layer on a substrate immersed in the bath. By a change in the composition, with or without a shift in temperature, the conductivity type of the layer is altered with formation of a P/N junction.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit structure having a plurality of monocrystalline semiconductor islands separated by a layer of dielectric insulation is fabricated by a method which begins with the formation of a plurality of nucleation sites upon a supported layer of insulating material. A single crystallite of semiconductor material is then vapor deposited at each of the nucleation sites. The crystallites are then covered by the vapor deposition of a second layer of dielectric material. The second layer of dielectric material is then supported by the deposition of a substrate material, followed by removal of the original supporting body to expose the first layer of insulating material, thereby providing a plurality of electrically isolated regions of single crystallite semiconductor material embedded in a suitable substrate. The structure is then completed by forming and interconnecting desired circuit components within the single crystallites.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a message transmission system, and more particularly, to a control apparatus and method for relay node duplexing. In the invention, when the exchange of the active node relaying a message by buffering is requested, the duplexing control unit of the active node controls such that the active node performs only the message transmission function, and the duplexing control unit of the standby node controls such that the standby node performs only the message receiving function. When the messages already inputted to the active node before the exchange request are all transmitted, the completion of the exchange is controlled, and when the exchange is completed, the standby node obtains the active right, thereby preventing the loss of a message during the exchange operaiton.
Abstract:
An apparatus, system and method are provided for low-latency start-up of a free-running harmonic oscillator. The exemplary apparatus embodiment comprises a first and second current sources to generate first and second currents; a bias current monitor adapted to detect a magnitude of the second current and to provide a control signal when the magnitude of the second current is equal to or greater than a predetermined magnitude; and a bias controller adapted to switch the first current from the oscillator and to switch the second current to the oscillator in response to the control signal. a reference voltage generator, a comparator, and a bias controller. Exemplary embodiments include reference voltage generator, a comparator, and a bias controller.