摘要:
Apparatus and methods relating to a gas flow laser are disclosed herein. The gas flow laser includes an eccentrically aligned inner casing within a cylindrical or oval outer shell thereby creating a narrow gas flow path in which the speed of the gas flow may approach sonic or supersonic speeds. An optical resonator is within the narrow gas flow path, and one or more diffusers are located downstream of the optical resonator to improve operating efficiency of the gas flow laser.
摘要:
An excimer laser with a laser chamber containing a circulating laser gas containing fluorine and long-life, annealed, copper alloy electrodes. Electrode lifetime is increased by annealing them after the electrodes are machined. This annealing relieves the surface stress caused by the machining operation and reduces the exposed metallic grain boundary length per unit area on the surface of the electrodes, which provides substantial reduction in erosion caused by fluorine chemical attack. Annealing after machining also reduces the stress throughout the bulk of the electrode material. In preferred embodiments the anode is a copper-aluminum alloy and the cathode is a copper-zinc alloy.
摘要:
A gas discharge laser having an elongated cathode and an elongated anode with a porous insulating layer covering the anode discharge surface. A pulse power system provides electrical pulses at rates of at least 1 KHz. A blower circulates laser gas between the electrodes at speeds of at least 5 m/s and a heat exchanger is provided to remove heat produced by the blower and the discharges. In preferred embodiments at least a portion of the anode is comprised of lead, and fluorine ion sputtering of the anode surface creates the insulating layer (over the discharge surface of the anode) comprised in large part of lead fluoride. In a particular preferred embodiment the anode is fabricated in two parts, a first part having the general shape of a prior art anode with a trench shaped cavity at the top and a second part comprised of lead rich brass and disposed in the trench shape cavity.
摘要:
The present invention provides a gas discharge laser having at least one long-life elongated electrode for producing at least 12 billion high voltage electric discharges in a fluorine containing laser gas. In a preferred embodiment at least one of the electrodes is comprised of a first material having a relatively low anode erosion rate and a second anode material having a relatively higher anode erosion rate. The first anode material is positioned at a desired anode discharge region of the electrode. The second anode material is located adjacent to the first anode material along at least two long sides of the first material. During operation of the laser erosion occurs on both materials but the higher erosion rate of the second material assures that any tendency of the discharge to spread onto the second material will quickly erode away the second material enough to stop the spread of the discharge. In a preferred embodiment the anode is as described above and the cathode is also a two-material electrode with the first material at the discharge region being C26000 brass and the second material being C36000 brass. A pulse power system provides electrical pulses at rates of at least 1 KHz. A blower circulates laser gas between the electrodes at speeds of at least 5 m/s and a heat exchanger is provided to remove heat produced by the blower and the discharges.
摘要:
An excimer laser with a laser chamber containing a circulating laser gas containing fluorine and a set of long life electrode structures. At least one of the electrode structures has an erosion pad and a cross section shape designed to provide in conjunction with other chamber structure a gradual increasing flow cross section between the discharge region and the circulating tangential fan blade. In a preferred embodiment, electrode lifetime is increased by annealing the erosion rod after it is are machined. This annealing relieves the surface stress caused by the machining operation and reduces the exposed metallic grain boundary length per unit area on the surface of the electrodes, which provides substantial reduction in erosion caused by fluorine chemical attack. Annealing after machining also reduces the stress throughout the bulk of the electrode material. In preferred embodiments the anode is a copper-aluminum alloy and the cathode is a copper-zinc alloy.
摘要:
An excimer laser with a laser chamber containing a circulating laser gas containing fluorine and long-life, annealed, copper alloy electrodes. Electrode lifetime is increased by annealing them after the electrodes are machined. This annealing relieves the surface stress caused by the machining operation and reduces the exposed metallic grain boundary length per unit area on the surface of the electrodes, which provides substantial reduction in erosion caused by fluorine chemical attack. Annealing after machining also reduces the stress throughout the bulk of the electrode material. In preferred embodiments the anode is a copper-aluminum alloy and the cathode is a copper-zinc alloy.
摘要:
Disclosed is a gas laser utilizing high frequency discharge excitation in the area of sonic or supersonic/subsonic transfer gas flow. The laser uses various types of gases and mixtures of gases as the active medium and provides for pre-ionization of the gaseous medium before using high frequency discharge excitation. The gas is supplied into a receiver, and has downstream therefrom a supersonic nozzle for acceleration of the active gaseous flow to high subsonic or supersonic speeds in order to provide intensive dynamic cooling of the active gas medium. The gas is excited using high frequency discharge excitation in the critical area of the supersonic nozzle or downstream therefrom. The high frequency discharge and excitation can also occur within the optical resonator region which is located within the supersonic area of the nozzle. The present invention provides compact, efficient and super-powerful continuous, quasi-continuous and pulse laser systems with wavelengths from 0.3 mkm to 10.6 mkm with a high quality output beam. The present laser device may be utilized in scientific, commercial, aerospace and free space applications.
摘要:
In order to improve a gasdynamic CO laser comprising a gas supply means supplying a laser gas, an excitation region, in which the laser gas is excited, a supersonic nozzle arranged downstream of the excitation region and having the laser gas flowing therethrough and a laser-active region which is penetrated by a resonator beam path, such that it is possible to excite the laser gas in a more optimum manner, it is suggested that the laser gas be excited in the excitation region by means of a high-frequency discharge in a high-frequency discharge region and that the high-frequency discharge region end in front of the supersonic nozzle.
摘要:
The invention provides a novel means of stabilizing a glow discharge device against electrothermal instabilities and electrode induced instabilities comprising imposing a magnetic field on the discharge current to create a sheared flow system within the discharge volume. There is further provided an apparatus for producing a stable high power glow discharge comprising an anode and a cathode adapted to be connected to an electric power source and, when so connected, to establish an electric field and a glow discharge between said anode and cathode and an electromagnet adapted to be connected to an electric power source and, when so connected, to establish a magnetic field across said electric field. This application relates to high power glow discharge devices and to a means of stabilizing such devices against electro-thermal instabilities and electrode induced instabilities.
摘要:
A sonic flow plate assembly for controlling the mass flow rate of gases by use of the sonic choking phenomenon. Identical gas flow control plate portions, each containing a plurality of nozzles formed by the smooth internal surface of vertical passageways in the plates, are connected end-to-end to form a unified gas flow control plate. Each of the nozzle passageways is in the shape of a hollow inverted truncated cone with bases in communication with hollow cylinders. Each plate portion, including the passageways therein, are molded from a fiberglass composite. The connected plate portions are secured in place by transversely positioned tension rods.