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    Virtual variable displacement two-stroke internal combustion piston engine
    5.
    发明授权
    Virtual variable displacement two-stroke internal combustion piston engine 有权

    公开(公告)号：US09664103B2

    公开(公告)日：2017-05-30

    申请号：US14821717

    申请日：2015-08-08

    申请人： John E Wacholtz, Jr.

    发明人： John E Wacholtz, Jr.

    IPC分类号： F01L3/10 ,  F02B25/14 ,  F02B75/02

    CPC分类号： F02B25/145 ,  F01L9/04 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  F02M25/10

    摘要： A true two-stroke (power and exhaust) internal combustion piston engine combining direct injection of all combustion and working fluid elements with exhaust valve(s) that open early during the power stroke if cylinder pressure falls below exhaust manifold pressure, will operate efficiently from power levels produced by conventional four-stroke engines of a fraction of the displacement of the two-stroke engine to power levels attainable by conventional four-stroke engines of twice the two-stroke engine displacement. No additional external systems will be required to enhance performance or control emissions, as all such enhancements are equivalent to control of the combustion and working fluid components. The magnitude of the combustion charge determines the power, and the makeup of the combustion components determine exhaust emissions. Any implementation of the true two-stroke engine will have the further advantages of requiring only half the cylinders (space and weight) and an equivalent reduction in required support systems. No intake valve train, no intake filter or manifolds, no catalytic converter or exhaust gas recirculation will be required. Some implementations may eliminate other support systems entirely (starter, cooling, exhaust valve train, etc.)

    Ammonia fueled internal combustion engine with exhaust purification
    8.
    发明授权
    Ammonia fueled internal combustion engine with exhaust purification 有权
    氨燃料内燃机排气净化

    公开(公告)号：US09249720B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-02-02

    申请号：US13866305

    申请日：2013-04-19

    申请人： KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOYOTA CHUO KENKYUSHO

    发明人： Hiroshi Miyagawa

    IPC分类号： F02B43/10 ,  F02M25/022 ,  F02D41/14 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F01N3/10 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F02M25/10

    CPC分类号： F02B43/10 ,  F01N3/106 ,  F01N3/2026 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02D41/1461 ,  F02D2041/1468 ,  F02M25/022 ,  F02M25/10 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y02T10/26 ,  Y02T10/32

    摘要： The internal combustion engine has an ammonia feeder which feeds ammonia to a combustion chamber and an NOX selective reduction catalyst which is arranged in an engine exhaust passage. The removal rate of the NOX selective reduction catalyst depends on a ratio of concentration of ammonia to NOX of the exhaust which flows into the NOX selective reduction catalyst, that is, a ratio of concentration of inflow. A high removal rate range where the NOX removal rate in the NOX selective reduction catalyst becomes substantially maximum and, furthermore, the ammonia removal rate becomes substantially maximum, is set in advance. The internal combustion engine is controlled so that the ratio of concentration of inflow becomes inside the high removal rate range.

    摘要翻译： 内燃机具有将氨输送到燃烧室的氨进料器和配置在发动机排气通路内的NO x选择还原催化剂。 NO x选择还原催化剂的去除率取决于流入NOX选择还原催化剂的废气的氨浓度与NOX的比例，即流入浓度的比例。 预先设定NO x选择还原催化剂中的NO x去除率变得基本上达到最高，而且除氨率成为最大值的高去除率范围。 控制内燃机使得流入浓度的比例变为高的除去速度范围。

    Method and apparatus for achieving high power flame jets while reducing quenching and autoignition in prechamber spark plugs for gas engines
    9.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for achieving high power flame jets while reducing quenching and autoignition in prechamber spark plugs for gas engines 有权
    用于实现高功率火焰喷射的方法和装置，同时减少用于燃气发动机的前燃烧器火花塞中的淬火和自燃

    公开(公告)号：US09004042B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

    申请号：US13602148

    申请日：2012-09-01

    申请人： Luigi P Tozzi ,  Maria-Emmanuella Sotiropoulou

    发明人： Luigi P Tozzi ,  Maria-Emmanuella Sotiropoulou

    IPC分类号： F02B19/00 ,  F02P9/00 ,  F02P13/00 ,  H01T13/54 ,  F02B19/10 ,  F02B19/12

    CPC分类号： F02B19/12 ,  F02B19/08 ,  F02B19/1061 ,  F02B19/18 ,  F02M25/10 ,  F02P9/00 ,  F02P13/00 ,  H01T13/54 ,  Y02T10/125

    摘要： A prechamber spark plug may have a prechamber having a pre-determined aspect ratio and hole pattern to achieve particular combustion performance characteristics. The aspect ratio and hole pattern may induce a rotational flow of fuel-air in-filling streams inside the prechamber volume. The rotational flow of the fuel-air mixture may include both radial flow and axial flow characteristics based on the aspect ratio and hole pattern. Axial flow characteristics can include a first axial direction proximate the periphery of the rotational flow and a counter second axial direction approaching the center of the rotational flow. The radial and axial flow characteristics may further include radial air-fuel ratio stratification and/or axial air-fuel ratio stratification. The rotational flow, the radial flow and the axial flow may be adjusted by alteration of the aspect ratio and hole pattern to achieve particular combustion performance characteristics in relation to a wide variety of spark gap geometries.

    摘要翻译： 预燃烧器火花塞可以具有预制长宽比和孔图案的预制室，以实现特定的燃烧性能特征。 长宽比和孔图案可以引起在前房体内的燃料 - 空气填充流的旋转流动。 基于长宽比和孔图案，燃料 - 空气混合物的旋转流可以包括径向流动和轴向流动特性。 轴向流动特性可以包括靠近旋转流的周边的第一轴向方向和接近旋转流的中心的相反的第二轴向方向。 径向和轴向流动特性还可包括径向空燃比分层和/或轴向空燃比分层。 可以通过改变纵横比和孔图案来调节旋转流量，径向流动和轴向流动，以实现与各种火花隙几何形状相关的特定燃烧性能特征。