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    Electrorheological (er) fluid based on amino acid containing metal polyoxo-salts
    81.
    发明授权
    Electrorheological (er) fluid based on amino acid containing metal polyoxo-salts 失效
    基于含氨基酸的金属多氧盐的电流变（呃）流体

    公开(公告)号：US5380450A

    公开(公告)日：1995-01-10

    申请号：US188864

    申请日：1994-01-31

    Applicant: Lori J. Conway ,  Donald A. Kadlec ,  Joan Sudbury-Holtschlag

    Inventor： Lori J. Conway ,  Donald A. Kadlec ,  Joan Sudbury-Holtschlag

    IPC: C09K3/00 ,  C10M125/10 ,  C10M125/18 ,  C10M125/22 ,  C10M133/06 ,  C10M133/44 ,  C10M169/04 ,  C10M171/00 ,  C10N10/06 ,  C10N10/08 ,  C10N40/14

    CPC classification number: C10M171/001

    Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid composition comprising a dispersion of a plurality of solid particles in an electrically non-conducting liquid, the improvement comprising using as said solid particles a composition having the general formula:[(M).sup.p (H.sub.2 O).sub.x (OH).sub.y ].sup.q.sub.cd [A].sub.r.sub.d .multidot.B.sub.z .multidot.nH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal cation or a mixture of metal cations at various ratios; p is the total valence of M and has a value of greater than zero; x is zero or has a value greater than zero, y is zero or has a value greater than zero, with the proviso that only one of x or y can be zero at any given time; q has a value of p minus y with the proviso that q has a value of at least one; c has a value of greater than zero; A is an anion or a mixture of anions at various ratios; r is the total valence of A with the proviso that r has a value of at least one; d has a value of greater than zero with the proviso that (q.times.c) is always equal to (r.times.d); B is an amino acid or a mixture of amino acids; z has a value of from 0.01 to 100; and n is a number from 0 to 15. The ER fluids of the present invention have greatly improved yield stress increasing potential stress transfer characteristics, and good dispersion stability.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及包含多个固体颗粒在非导电液体中的分散体的电流变流体组合物，其改进包括使用具有以下通式的组合物作为所述固体颗粒：[（M）p（H 2 O）x （OH）y] qcd [A] rdxBzxnH2O其中M是金属阳离子或各种比例的金属阳离子的混合物; p是M的总价并且具有大于零的值; x为零或具有大于零的值，y为零或具有大于零的值，条件是在任何给定时间x或y中只有一个可以为零; q的值为p减去y，条件是q的值至少为1; c的值大于零; A是不同比例的阴离子或阴离子的混合物; r是A的总价，条件是r的值至少为1; d的值大于零，条件是（qxc）总是等于（rxd）; B是氨基酸或氨基酸的混合物; z的值为0.01〜100; n为0〜15的数。本发明的ER流体具有大大提高的屈服应力增加势应力传递特性和良好的分散稳定性。

    Method for producing carbonaceous powder for electrorheological fluid
    82.
    发明授权
    Method for producing carbonaceous powder for electrorheological fluid 失效
    电流变流体用碳质粉末的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5332517A

    公开(公告)日：1994-07-26

    申请号：US987121

    申请日：1992-12-08

    Applicant: Takayuki Torii ,  Takashi Haraoka ,  Katsuhiro Nagayama ,  Hitomi Hatano ,  Noriyoshi Fukuda ,  Yuichi Ishino ,  Takayuki Maruyama ,  Tasuku Saito

    Inventor： Takayuki Torii ,  Takashi Haraoka ,  Katsuhiro Nagayama ,  Hitomi Hatano ,  Noriyoshi Fukuda ,  Yuichi Ishino ,  Takayuki Maruyama ,  Tasuku Saito

    IPC: C01B31/02 ,  C10M171/00

    CPC classification number: C01B31/02 ,  C10M171/001

    Abstract: A method for producing a carbonaceous powder which can be used as dielectric fine particles to be dispersed in an insulating oil to produce an electrorheological fluid is provided. The method comprises the steps of subjecting a starting organic material selected from the group consisting of coal, coal tar, coal tar pitch, liquefied coal, coke, petroleum, petroleum tar, petroleum pitch, and resins to a heat treatment at a maximum temperature of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. to produce carbonaceous material; pulverizing and classifying the material to produce carbonaceous particles having a mean particle size of 0.5 to 40 .mu.m and a maximum particle size of up to 50 .mu.m; and subjecting the particles to an additional treatment at an elevated temperature and/or a reduced pressure, said additional treatment being carried out at a temperature lower than said maximum temperature of the heat treatment. The resulting carbonaceous powder may optionally be subjected to a further pulverization treatment.

    Abstract translation: 提供了可用作分散在绝缘油中以产生电流变流体的电介质微粒的碳质粉末的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：将选自煤，煤焦油，煤焦油沥青，液化煤，焦炭，石油，石油焦油，石油沥青和树脂的起始有机材料在最高温度 300〜800℃，生成碳质材料; 对材料进行粉碎分级，制成平均粒径为0.5〜40μm，最大粒径达50μm的碳质粒子; 并在高温和/或减压下对颗粒进行另外的处理，所述另外的处理在低于热处理的最高温度的温度下进行。 得到的碳质粉末可以任选进一步粉碎处理。

    Electroviscous fluid containing antioxidant and/or corrosion inhibitor
    85.
    发明授权
    Electroviscous fluid containing antioxidant and/or corrosion inhibitor 失效
    含有抗氧化剂和/或缓蚀剂的电解液

    公开(公告)号：US5266230A

    公开(公告)日：1993-11-30

    申请号：US790089

    申请日：1991-11-13

    Applicant: Hirotaka Tomizawa ,  Makoto Kanbara ,  Masahiko Hayafune

    Inventor： Hirotaka Tomizawa ,  Makoto Kanbara ,  Masahiko Hayafune

    IPC: C10M171/00 ,  C10M169/04

    CPC classification number: C10M171/001

    Abstract: In an electroviscous fluid comprising electrically insulating fluid as the dispersant and porous solid particles as the dispersed phase, at lease one substance selected from acid, salt and base and at least one substance selected from polyhydric alcohol and water, and further containing dispersing agent, antioxidant and/or corrosion inhibitor are added to obtain the better effects such as high responsiveness in wide temperature range up to high temperature, high reproducibility, excellent electroviscous effect and the higher durability.Therefore, the electroviscous fluid by this invention is useful, for example, for the control systems utilizing viscosity change, and it is capable to increase the control accuracy, particularly in the operation at high temperature.

    Abstract translation: 在包含作为分散剂的电绝缘流体和作为分散相的多孔固体颗粒的电粘性流体中，至少选自酸，盐和碱的一种物质和选自多元醇和水的至少一种物质，并且还含有分散剂，抗氧化剂 和/或腐蚀抑制剂以获得更好的效果，例如在高温下的宽温度范围内的高响应性，高再现性，优异的电粘效果和更高的耐久性。 因此，本发明的电粘性流体例如对于利用粘度变化的控制系统是有用的，并且能够提高控制精度，特别是在高温下的操作中。

    Fluid compositions
    89.
    发明授权
    Fluid compositions 失效
    流体组合物

    公开(公告)号：US5106522A

    公开(公告)日：1992-04-21

    申请号：US514671

    申请日：1990-04-25

    Applicant: James E. Stangroom ,  Ian Harness

    Inventor： James E. Stangroom ,  Ian Harness

    IPC: C09K3/00 ,  B01J13/00 ,  C08L61/10 ,  C10M171/00 ,  H01B3/20

    CPC classification number: C10M171/001 ,  H01B3/20

    Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid which comprises a solid particulate substance contained in a hydrophobic vehicle which is liquid at atmospheric pressure at least at temperatures below 50.degree. C. and which comprises a compound of the formula:(X).sub.n --Ar[Q--Z].sub.pwherein:Ar represents an aromatic nucleus;Q represents an oxygen or a sulphur atom, or a group of the formula CY.sub.1 Y.sub.2, SO, SO.sub.2, SiF.sub.2, --OSi(Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2)O-- in which Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a halogen or a fluorine atom or an alkyl group;X represents a halogen atom, or a nitro group, a thio(substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl) group or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group;Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or alicyclic group; andn and p, which may be the same or different, each represent a number of at least 1, (n+p) not being greater than the total number of substituted sites on the aromatic nucleus, with the proviso that, where n is greater than 1, not all the n X groups need be the same and that the, or at least one of the, X group(s) represents a halogen atom; and that, where p is greater than 1, not all the pQ groups nor the pZ groups need to be the same.

    Abstract translation: 一种电流变流体，其包含容纳在憎水载体中的固体颗粒物质，其在大气压下至少在低于50℃的温度下是液体，并且其包含下式的化合物：（X）n -Ar [QZ] p 其中：Ar表示芳香核; Q表示氧或硫原子，或其中Y 1和Y 2可相同或不同的式CY1Y2，SO，SO2，SiF2，-OSi（Y1Y2）O-的基团各自表示卤素或 氟原子或烷基; X表示卤素原子或硝基，硫代（取代或未取代烃基）或取代或未取代的烃基; Z表示取代或未取代的脂族或脂环族基团; 和n和p可以相同或不同，各自表示至少1（n + p）的数目不大于芳族核上的取代部位的总数，条件是其中n为 大于1，不是所有的n X基团都必须相同，并且X基团中的至少一个表示卤素原子; 并且当p大于1时，并不是所有的pQ基团和pZ基团都必须相同。

    Electrorheological fluids comprising carbonaceous particulates dispersed in electrical insulating oily medium containing a compound having specific functional groups
    90.
    发明授权
    Electrorheological fluids comprising carbonaceous particulates dispersed in electrical insulating oily medium containing a compound having specific functional groups 失效
    包含在具有特定功能组合物的电绝缘油介质中分散的碳酸盐颗粒的电生理流体

    公开(公告)号：US5106521A

    公开(公告)日：1992-04-21

    申请号：US594543

    申请日：1990-10-09

    Applicant: Yasuo Kurachi ,  Osaki Toshiyuki ,  Mitsuya Tanaka ,  Yuichi Ishino ,  Tasuku Saito

    Inventor： Yasuo Kurachi ,  Osaki Toshiyuki ,  Mitsuya Tanaka ,  Yuichi Ishino ,  Tasuku Saito

    IPC: C10M171/00

    CPC classification number: C10M171/001

    Abstract: Electrorheological fluids display swift and reversible increase in apparent viscosity under application of an electrical potential difference to the fluid, and are composed generally of electrical insulating oily medium and dielectric fine-particles dispersed therein.At the initial stage of development, electrorheological fluids are prepared by dispersing water-carrying hydrophilic particulates in an electrical insulating oily medium. However, there are such defects as a restriction on usable temperatures so as to avoid evaporation or freezing of the water, an extreme increase in the electric current flow as the temperature raises, inferior stability caused by transfer of water etc.It is an object of the persent invention is to provide nonaqueous type electrorheological fluids having improved electrorheological property.The electrorheological fluid of the present invention is a nonaqueous type electrorheological fluid which comprises organic or inorganic particulates containing not more than 1 wt. % of water and dispersed in an oily medium superior in electrical insulation, wherein the improvement is that said fluid comprises from 0.001 wt. % to 10 wt. % of a compound having a functional group containing at least one atom selected from the group consisted of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and phosphorous atom.

    Abstract translation: 电流变流体在对流体施加电位差时表现出迅速且可逆的表观粘度增加，并且通常由分散在其中的电绝缘油性介质和介电微粒组成。 在开发初期，通过将含水亲水性颗粒分散在电绝缘油性介质中制备电流变流体。 然而，存在诸如限制使用温度以避免水的蒸发或冷冻的缺点，随着温度升高，电流流动的极大增加，由于水的转移引起的稳定性差等。目的是 本发明是提供具有改善的电流变性能的非水型电流变流体。 本发明的电粘滞性流体是非水型电流变流体，其包含不超过1重量％的有机或无机颗粒。 ％的水分散在电绝缘性优异的油性介质中，其中所述流体包含0.001重量％ ％〜10重量％ 具有含有至少一个选自氧原子，氮原子，硫原子和磷原子的原子的官能团的化合物的％。

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