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    Apparatus and method for gasifying liquid or solid fuel
    77.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for gasifying liquid or solid fuel 失效
    用于气化液体或固体燃料的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06837910B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-04

    申请号：US10070432

    申请日：2000-09-19

    申请人： Kunio Yoshikawa ,  Tsutomu Yasuda ,  Masaru Sakai ,  Toru Ishii

    发明人： Kunio Yoshikawa ,  Tsutomu Yasuda ,  Masaru Sakai ,  Toru Ishii

    IPC分类号： C01B3/32 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/26

    CPC分类号： C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1215 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1853 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  C10K3/006 ,  Y02E20/18

    摘要： A gasifying apparatus comprises a gasifier, a reformer and a heating device. The gasifier produces a thermal decomposed gas with use of a thermal decomposition reaction of a liquid or solid fuel such as waste or coal, and the heating device heats a low-temperature steam and air so as to be a high-temperature steam and air, which have a temperature equal to or higher than 700 deg. C. The gasifying apparatus has feeding means including fluid passages for feeding the high-temperature steam and air to the gasifier and the reformer. In a thermal decomposition area of the gasifier, the liquid or solid fuel is thermally decomposed to produce the thermal decomposed gas with sensible heat of the high-temperature steam and air and with the heat generated by an exothermic oxidation reaction between the high-temperature air and the liquid or solid fuel. In the reformer, the thermal decomposed gas is reformed in the existence of the high-temperature steam so as to be a high-temperature syngas. The steam reforming reaction of the liquid or solid fuel is carried out with an exothermic reaction between the high-temperature air and hydrocarbon contained in the thermal decomposed gas and with an endothermic reaction between the hydrocarbon and the high-temperature steam.

    摘要翻译： 气化装置包括气化器，重整器和加热装置。 气化器利用诸如废物或煤的液体或固体燃料的热分解反应产生热分解气体，并且加热装置加热低温蒸汽和空气以便成为高温蒸汽和空气， 其具有等于或高于700度的温度。 气化装置具有供给装置，该装置包括用于将高温蒸汽和空气供给气化器和重整器的流体通道。 在气化器的热分解区域中，液体或固体燃料被热分解以产生具有高温蒸汽和空气的显热的热分解气体，并且由高温空气中的放热氧化反应产生的热量 和液体或固体燃料。 在重整器中，热分解气体在高温蒸汽的存在下进行重整，以便成为高温合成气。 液体或固体燃料的蒸汽重整反应是在热分解气体中包含的高温空气和烃之间以及烃与高温蒸汽之间的吸热反应之间发生放热反应进行的。

    Integrated process for gasifying and combusting a carbonaceous fuel
    79.
    发明授权
    Integrated process for gasifying and combusting a carbonaceous fuel 失效
    气化和燃烧含碳燃料的综合工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4602573A

    公开(公告)日：1986-07-29

    申请号：US704438

    申请日：1985-02-22

    申请人： Michael C. Tanca

    发明人： Michael C. Tanca

    IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/86 ,  F23J7/00 ,  F23B7/00

    CPC分类号： F23B90/06 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/86 ,  F23J7/00 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02P20/125

    摘要： A first portion (50) of a sulfur and nitrogen-bearing carbonaceous fuel is gasified in a gasification reactor (20) in the presence of a reducing atmosphere of air to produce a hot, char-containing, carbon-monoxide-rich fuel gas (42) having a low Btu content. After cooling, the char-containing carbon-monoxide-rich fuel gas (42) is introduced into a steam generating furnace (10) and combusted therein with a second portion (40) of the carbonaceous fuel in the presence of at least sufficient additional air to substantially complete combustion whereby a hot flue gas is produced. A sulfur-capturing material (60) is introduced into both the gasification reactor (20) and the combustion zone of the steam generating furnace (10) to absorb a substantial portion of the sulfur-containing gases produced during the gasification and combustion processes. By combusting the second portion of the carbonaceous fuel together with the cooled, carbon-monoxide rich, low Btu content fuel gas, nitrogen oxide produced during combustion in the steam-generating furnace (10) is also reduced.

    摘要翻译： 含硫和含氮碳质燃料的第一部分（50）在空气还原气氛存在下在气化反应器（20）中气化，以产生含热氧化碳的一氧化碳的燃料气体 42）具有低Btu含量。 在冷却后，含有富含一氧化碳的燃料气体（42）被引入蒸汽发生炉（10）中并且在至少足够的附加空气存在下与含碳燃料的第二部分（40）一起燃烧 以基本上完​​成燃烧，由此产生热的烟道气。 将硫捕集材料（60）引入气化反应器（20）和蒸汽发生炉（10）的燃烧区域中，以吸收气化和燃烧过程中产生的大部分含硫气体。 通过将第二部分碳质燃料与冷却的一氧化碳，低Btu含量的燃料气体一起燃烧，在蒸汽发生炉（10）中燃烧时产生的氮氧化物也减少。

    Cyclic char gasifier devolatilization process
    80.
    发明授权
    Cyclic char gasifier devolatilization process 失效
    循环焦炭气化器脱挥发工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4537603A

    公开(公告)日：1985-08-27

    申请号：US666662

    申请日：1984-10-31

    申请人： Joseph C. Firey

    发明人： Joseph C. Firey

    IPC分类号： C10J3/04 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/78 ,  E21B43/243

    CPC分类号： C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/04 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/82 ,  E21B43/243 ,  C10J2200/09 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S48/06

    摘要： A cyclic char gasifier process and apparatus are described wherein reactant gases are first compressed into the pores of a char fuel to react and then the reacted gases are expanded out of the char fuel pores. This cycle of compression and expansion is repeated with fresh reactant gases supplied for each compression and with reacted gases removed at each expansion. Air and steam are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be gasified by oxidation. Reacted gases from such an oxidation gasifier plant are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be partially gasified by devolatilization. Rapid reaction to a rich product gas can occur over the large surface area inside the char pores and the undesireable Neumann reversion reaction is suppressed by the strongly reducing conditions prevailing therein. The gases of devolatilization gasification can be used to enrichen the gases of oxidation gasification by using two cyclic char gasifier plants in a combination system. The char fuel can be placed into sealed pressure vessel containers or can be gasified in place within an underground coal formation. These cyclic char gasifier plants and systems can produce a net work output, one or more fuel gases, a devolatilized char, and a partially oxidized coke as principal products and the proportions of these products can be adjusted over a wide range to match market needs.

    摘要翻译： 描述了一种循环焦化气化器工艺和装置，其中首先将反应气体压缩到焦炭燃料的孔中进行反应，然后反应的气体从焦炭燃料孔中膨胀出来。 用每次压缩提供的新鲜反应气体和每次膨胀时除去反应的气体来重复这种压缩和膨胀循环。 当炭燃料通过氧化气化时，空气和蒸汽是优选的反应气体。 来自这种氧化气化炉设备的反应气体是当焦炭燃料通过脱挥发分部分气化时的优选的反应气体。 对丰富的产物气体的快速反应可以发生在焦炭孔内的大表面积上，并且不期望的诺依曼逆转反应被其中主要的强烈还原条件抑制。 挥发气化气体可用于通过在组合系统中使用两个循环气化炉装置来浓缩氧化气化气体。 炭燃料可以放置在密封的压力容器容器中，或者可以在地下煤层内气化到位。 这些循环焦化气化炉工厂和系统可以产生净工作产出，一种或多种燃料气体，脱挥发分焦炭和部分氧化焦炭作为主要产品，并且可以在广泛的范围内调整这些产品的比例以匹配市场需求。