摘要:
A device includes a sensor surface and a pair of electrodes. The sensor surface includes a first conductive layer separated from a second conductive layer by an intermediary layer, a magnetization direction of the first conductive layer and a magnetization direction of the second conductive layer having a ground state orientation of approximately 0 degrees. An electrical resistance between the pair of electrodes is determined by a magnetic field proximate the sensor surface.
摘要:
A bulk permanent magnetic material may include between about 5 volume percent and about 40 volume percent Fe16N2 phase domains, a plurality of nonmagnetic atoms or molecules forming domain wall pinning sites, and a balance soft magnetic material, wherein at least some of the soft magnetic material is magnetically coupled to the Fe16N2 phase domains via exchange spring coupling. In some examples, a bulk permanent magnetic material may be formed by implanting N+ ions in an iron workpiece using ion implantation to form an iron nitride workpiece, pre-annealing the iron nitride workpiece to attach the iron nitride workpiece to a substrate, and post-annealing the iron nitride workpiece to form Fe16N2 phase domains within the iron nitride workpiece.
摘要翻译:体积永久磁性材料可以包括约5体积%至约40体积%的Fe 16 N 2相域,形成畴壁钉扎位点的多个非磁性原子或分子,以及平衡软磁材料,其中至少一些软磁性材料 通过交换弹簧耦合与Fe16N2相域磁耦合。 在一些实例中,可以通过使用离子注入将N +离子注入到铁工件中以形成氮化铁工件,预氧化氮化物工件预氧化氮化物工件以将氮化铁工件附着到衬底上来形成块状永久磁性材料, 退火氮化铁工件以在氮化铁工件内形成Fe16N2相域。
摘要:
A multi-surface nanoparticle source includes a first end having an inlet configured to receive a flow of gas, a second end comprising an outlet through which nanoparticles exit the nanoparticle source, and two or more targets spaced apart and arranged about an axis extending from the first end to the second end. At least at least one of the targets is hollow, and the inlet is arranged to direct a flow of the gas through the hollow target, between at least two of the targets, or both. The gas impacts the targets, releasing atoms from the target and through the second end. The targets may be arranged lengthwise and concentrically about the axis. In some cases, a multi-surface nanoparticle source includes one or more magnets. Nanoparticles formed with a multi-surface nanoparticle deposition system may be homogeneous or have a core-shell structure.
摘要:
Techniques are described for data transfer in spin-based systems where digital bit values are represented by magnetization states of magnetoresistive devices rather than voltages or currents. For data transmission, a spin-based signal is converted to an optical signal and transmitted via an optical transport. For data reception, the optical signal is received via the optical transport and converted back to a spin-based signal. Such data transfer may not require an intervening conversion of the spin-based signal to charge-based signal that relies on voltages or currents to represent digital bit values. In addition, techniques are described to use magnetoresistive devices to control the amount of current or voltage that is delivered, where the magnetization state of the magnetoresistive device is set by an optical signal.
摘要:
In some examples, a method comprising depositing a functional layer (e.g., a magnetic layer) over a substrate; depositing a granular layer over the functional layer, the granular layer including a first material defining a plurality of grains separated by a second material defining grain boundaries of the plurality of grains; removing the second material from the granular layer such that the plurality of grains of the granular layer define a hard mask layer on the functional layer; and removing portions of the functional layer not masked by the hard mask layer, wherein the depositing of the functional layer, the depositing of the granular layer, removing the second material, and removing the portions of the functional layer are performed in a vacuum environment.
摘要:
In general, the disclosure is directed to bulk iron-nitride materials having a polycrystalline microstructure having pores including a plurality of crystallographic grains surrounded by grain boundaries, where at least one crystallographic grain includes an iron-nitride phase including any of a body centered cubic (bcc) structure, a body centered tetragonal (bct), and a martensite structure. The disclosure further describes techniques producing a bulk iron-nitride material having a polycrystalline microstructure, including: melting an iron source to obtain a molten iron source; fast belt casting the molten iron source to obtain a cast iron source; cooling and shaping the cast iron source to obtain a bulk iron-containing material having a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure; annealing the bulk iron-containing material at an austenite transformation temperature and subsequently cooling the bulk iron-containing material; and nitriding the bulk iron-containing material to obtain the bulk iron-nitride material.
摘要:
A circuit includes a first two-state device, a second two-state device and a third two-state device, each two-state device having a first resistance in a first state and a second resistance in a second state. First control elements are configured to apply a first voltage to the first two-state device to stochastically place the first two-state device in either the first state or the second state. Second control elements are configured to apply a second voltage to the second two-state device to stochastically place the second two-state device in either the first state or the second state. Third control elements are configured to send respective currents through the first two-state device and the second two-state device so as to place the third two-state device in either the first state or the second state based on the state of the first two-state device and the state of the second two-state devices.
摘要:
An example composition may include a plurality of grains including an iron nitride phase. The plurality of grains may have an average grain size between about 10 nm and about 200 nm. An example technique may include treating a composition including a plurality of grains including an iron-based phase to adjust an average grain size of the plurality of grains to between about 20 nm and about 100 nm. The example technique may include nitriding the plurality of grains to form or grow an iron nitride phase.
摘要:
Example nanoparticles may include an iron-based core, and a shell. The shell may include a non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic material. Example alloy compositions may include an iron-based grain, and a grain boundary. The grain boundary may include a non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic material. Example techniques for forming iron-based core-shell nanoparticles may include depositing a shell on an iron-based core. The depositing may include immersing the iron-based core in a salt composition for a predetermined period of time. The depositing may include milling the iron-based core with a salt composition for a predetermined period of time. Example techniques for treating a composition comprising core-shell nanoparticles may include nitriding the composition.
摘要:
In some examples, a device includes a magnetic tunnel junction including a first Weyl semimetal layer, a second Weyl semimetal layer, and a dielectric layer positioned between the first and second Weyl semimetal layers. The magnetic tunnel junction may have a large tunnel magnetoresistance ratio, which may be greater than five hundred percent or even greater than one thousand percent.