摘要:
Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized gas-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids. The electrokinetically-altered fluid compositions and methods of producing the fluid include electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluids optionally in the form of solvated electrons stabilized, at least in part, with molecular gas (e.g., oxygen).
摘要:
An apparatus for manufacturing a polishing pad includes a housing including a body, an interconnection portion, and a discharging portion, and a stirrer located in the housing, the stirrer mixing a polishing pad composition and a pore forming material with each other. A diameter of the discharging portion is in a range of about 9 mm to about 16 mm.
摘要:
Apparatus and methods for producing a foamed material. Pressurized gas is introduced into a multiple-component mixture that contains a catalyst-containing component and a crosslinker-containing component. The multiple-component mixture may be directly mixed and combined with the gas in a mixing device. Alternatively, the multiple-component mixture may be combined in a first mixing device and this mixture may be subsequently combined with the gas in a second mixing device. When dispensed onto an application target, the gas entrained in the multiple-component mixture expands to form the foamed material.
摘要:
A process for performing a chemical reaction between a plurality of chemical reactants in the presence of a catalyst, with at least a first reactant in a liquid phase and at least a second reactant in a gas phase, the first and second reactants mixing at least by interdiffusion. The process comprises supplying the reactants to a passage defined by a first surface and a second surface and optionally moving at least one of the first surface and second surface relative to each other. The reactants their mixture or reaction products form respective boundary layers against the first and second surfaces and the radial spacing between the first surface and second surface is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the boundary layers.
摘要:
When a drive gear (a driving rotary assembly) is actuated and rotates the rotor (a driven rotary assembly), agitator blades rotate and agitate a base compound (a fluid) and a cure agent (a fluid) in an agitation cavity thereby shearing them. This agitation results in the base compound and the cure agent being mixed into a coating material. Furthermore, magnet force is used for giving rotation force to the rotor 50, and therefore any rotation force transmitting member that penetrates a cylindrical assembly is unnecessary. Therefore, such a rotation trouble caused by the fluids that enter into a gap between the transmitting member and the penetration, increases the viscosity therein, and adhere thereto does not occur.
摘要:
Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized gas-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids. The electrokinetically-altered fluid compositions and methods of producing the fluid include electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluids optionally in the form of solvated electrons stabilized, at least in part, with molecular gas (e.g., oxygen).
摘要:
A reactor produces a gas-in-liquid emulsion for providing increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the gas for improved reaction of the gas with the liquid, or more rapid solution or reaction of a difficulty soluble or immiscible gas in or with a liquid. The reactor is suitable for a continuous or batch type process. Rotor and stator cylindrical members are mounted for rotation relative to one another and have opposing surfaces spaced to form an annular processing passage. The gap distance between the opposing surfaces and the relative rotation rate of the cylindrical members are such as to form a gas-in-liquid emulsion of the gas in the liquid. The liquid and gas pass through the processing passage, changing into the gas-in-liquid emulsion.
摘要:
Highly filled composite materials, e.g. comprising approximately 60 volume % or greater of finely powdered particles of filler in a polymer matrix, are made by dissolving polymer in a volatilisable solvent, adding filler and forming a homogeneous mixture by high shear mixing. Most solvent is then removed while maintaining homogeneity in the mixture, preferably by evaporation in a high shear mill. Then, extruding a thin layer of the composite material and removing remaining solvent, as by heating. Bodies are formed from the dried layer, which are heated and pressed to melt and disperse melted polymer into the interstices between filler particles. Thereby, certain polymers unusable at low solids contents become effective bonding materials at high solids contents. Filler materials are chosen to tailor electrical and physical properties of the articles, which may comprise substrates for electronic circuits. Suitable polymers are certain polyarylene ethers soluble in cyclohexanone.
摘要:
Composite materials comprising at least 60 volume %, preferably 70 volume %, of particles of finely powdered filler material in a matrix of poly(arylene ether) polymer material are made by forming a mixture of the components, forming the required bodies therefrom, and then heating and pressing the bodies to a temperature sufficient to melt the polymer and to a pressure sufficient to disperse the melted polymer into the interstices between the filler particles. Surprisingly these polymer materials can only be effective as bonding materials when the solids content is as high as that specified, since with lower contents the resultant bodies are too friable. This is completely contrary to accepted prior art practice which considers that composites are progressivly weakened as the solids content is increased, so that such content must be limited. In processes to obtain as complete a dispersion of the components as possible they are individually dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium containing the polymer together with necessary additives, each mixture being ground if required to obtain a desired particle size, the mixtures are mixed, again ground to produce thorough dispersion, are separated from the liquid dispersion medium and green articles formed from the resulting pasty mixture. The green articles are then heated and pressed as described above. Mixtures of different filler materials may be used to tailor the electrical and physical properties of the final materials. The articles preferably comprise substrates for use in electronic circuits.
摘要:
Composite materials comprising at least 60 volume %, preferably 70 volume %, of particles of finely powdered filler material in a matrix of poly(arylene ether) polymer material are made by forming a mixture of the components, forming the required bodies therefrom, and then heating and pressing the bodies to a temperature sufficient to melt the polymer and to a pressure sufficient to disperse the melted polymer into the interstices between the filler particles. Surprisingly these polymer materials can only be effective as bonding materials when the solids content is as high as that specified, since with lower contents the resultant bodies are too friable. This is completely contrary to accepted prior art practice which considers that composites are progressivly weakened as the solids content is increased, so that such content must be limited. In processes to obtain as complete a dispersion of the components as possible they are individually dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium containing the polymer together with necessary additives, each mixture being ground if required to obtain a desired particle size, the mixtures are mixed, again ground to produce thorough dispersion, are separated from the liquid dispersion medium and green articles formed from the resulting pasty mixture. The green articles are then heated and pressed as described above. Mixtures of different filler materials may be used to tailor the electrical and physical properties of the final materials. The articles preferably comprise substrates for use in electronic circuits.