Abstract:
Provided are an optical lens assembly and an electronic apparatus including the same. The optical lens assembly includes a first lens group and a second lens group that are arranged from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens group has positive refractive power and is fixed during focusing, and the second lens group moves along an optical axis for focusing.
Abstract:
A method of forming a material layer includes providing a substrate into a reaction chamber, providing a source material onto a substrate, the source material being a precursor of a metal or semimetal having a ligand, providing an ether-based modifier on the substrate, purging an inside of the reaction chamber, and reacting a reaction material with the source material to form the material layer.
Abstract:
A fisheye lens assembly and an electronic apparatus are disclosed. The fisheye lens has an angle of view of 150° or more, includes a plurality of lenses including an aspherical lens having an inflection point on one surface or both surfaces thereof, and satisfies the expression 35 μm≤SAG_MAX, where SAG_MAX denotes a maximum value of absolute values of SAG values of inflection points of the aspherical lens.
Abstract:
A super-wide angle lens and a photographing apparatus including the super-wide angle lens are provided. The super-wide angle lens includes a first lens having a negative refractive power and a second lens having a positive refractive power, wherein the first lens and the second lens are disposed in sequential order from an object side to an image side, and wherein the super-wide angle lens has a half view angle of 80 degrees or greater.
Abstract:
A wide-angle lens system includes, in an order from an object side toward an image surface side: a first lens group having positive or negative refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; and a third lens group having negative refractive power. When an object position changes from an infinite distance to a nearest distance, the first and third lens groups are fixed, and the second lens group moves along an optical axis to perform focusing.
Abstract:
A wide-angle lens system includes, in an order from an object side toward an image surface side: a first lens group having positive or negative refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; and a third lens group having negative refractive power. When an object position changes from an infinite distance to a nearest distance, the first and third lens groups are fixed, and the second lens group moves along an optical axis to perform focusing.
Abstract:
Memory devices are provided. A memory device includes a voltage generation circuit that includes an offset compensator configured to receive a reference voltage and an offset code and to link the offset code to the reference voltage. The voltage generation circuit includes a comparator configured to compare the reference voltage linked to the offset code with a bit line pre-charge voltage and to output driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a driver configured to output the bit line pre-charge voltage at a target level of the reference voltage in response to the driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a background calibration circuit configured to generate the offset code for performing control so that a target short current flows through an output node of the driver from which the bit line pre-charge voltage is output. Related methods of generating a bit line pre-charge voltage are also provided.
Abstract:
Memory devices are provided. A memory device includes a voltage generation circuit that includes an offset compensator configured to receive a reference voltage and an offset code and to link the offset code to the reference voltage. The voltage generation circuit includes a comparator configured to compare the reference voltage linked to the offset code with a bit line pre-charge voltage and to output driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a driver configured to output the bit line pre-charge voltage at a target level of the reference voltage in response to the driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a background calibration circuit configured to generate the offset code for performing control so that a target short current flows through an output node of the driver from which the bit line pre-charge voltage is output. Related methods of generating a bit line pre-charge voltage are also provided.
Abstract:
A method of forming a material layer includes providing a substrate into a reaction chamber, providing a source material onto a substrate, the source material being a precursor of a metal or semimetal having a ligand, providing an ether-based modifier on the substrate, purging an inside of the reaction chamber, and reacting a reaction material with the source material to form the material layer.