Abstract:
One aspect of the present invention is to provide an electronic apparatus which is configured to provide a color writing function by means of the physical force of an external input means, and a control method thereof. More particularly, the present invention is to provide an electronic apparatus equipped with a plurality of liquid crystal panels in an electronic apparatus so that a plurality of colors can be written by the physical force of an external input means, and a control method thereof.
Abstract:
A heat exchanger having an improved structure in which heat-exchanging efficiency can be improved includes: a refrigerant pipe through which a refrigerant flows; and a plurality of fins that are coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the refrigerant pipe, wherein the plurality of fins include: a first region formed downstream in a direction in which air flows; and a second region formed upstream in the direction in which air flows, and at least one coating layer is formed in the first region and the second region, and thicknesses of the first region and the second region are different from each other.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device may include: a stacking structure including a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of gate electrodes alternately stacked on a substrate; a lower semiconductor pattern that protrudes from the top of the substrate; a vertical insulating pattern that extends in a vertical direction from the substrate and penetrates the stacking structure; and a vertical channel pattern on the inner surface of the vertical insulating pattern and contacting the lower semiconductor pattern, wherein an upper part of the lower semiconductor pattern includes a recess region including a curve-shaped profile, and in the recess region, the outer surface of a lower part of the vertical channel pattern contacts the lower semiconductor pattern along a curve of the recess region.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a stack structure on a substrate, the stack structure including interlayer insulating layers and first gate electrodes alternately stacked on each other, a semiconductor layer in an opening penetrating through the stack structure, a first dielectric layer between the semiconductor layer and the stack structure, and a lower pattern closer to the substrate than to the first gate electrodes in the stack structure, the lower pattern including a first surface facing the first dielectric layer, and a second surface facing the stack structure, the second surface defining an acute angle with the first surface, wherein the first dielectric layer includes a first portion facing the stack structure, and a second portion facing the first surface of the lower pattern, the second portion having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first portion.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device may include: a stacking structure including a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of gate electrodes alternately stacked on a substrate; a lower semiconductor pattern that protrudes from the top of the substrate; a vertical insulating pattern that extends in a vertical direction from the substrate and penetrates the stacking structure; and a vertical channel pattern on the inner surface of the vertical insulating pattern and contacting the lower semiconductor pattern, wherein an upper part of the lower semiconductor pattern includes a recess region including a curve-shaped profile, and in the recess region, the outer surface of a lower part of the vertical channel pattern contacts the lower semiconductor pattern along a curve of the recess region.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a stack structure on a substrate, the stack structure including interlayer insulating layers and first gate electrodes alternately stacked on each other, a semiconductor layer in an opening penetrating through the stack structure, a first dielectric layer between the semiconductor layer and the stack structure, and a lower pattern closer to the substrate than to the first gate electrodes in the stack structure, the lower pattern including a first surface facing the first dielectric layer, and a second surface facing the stack structure, the second surface defining an acute angle with the first surface, wherein the first dielectric layer includes a first portion facing the stack structure, and a second portion facing the first surface of the lower pattern, the second portion having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first portion.
Abstract:
The present disclosure is directed to providing to a smart window system capable of controlling a state of a display element (e.g., at least one of transparency, color, pattern, gradation degree, and displayed information) through various kinds of input devices and a control method thereof. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a smart window system may include a display element; an input device configured to receive a control command for the display element; and a controller configured to determine at least one of transparency, color, pattern, and gradation of the display element and information displayed on the display element on the basis of the control command.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device may include: a stacking structure including a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of gate electrodes alternately stacked on a substrate; a lower semiconductor pattern that protrudes from the top of the substrate; a vertical insulating pattern that extends in a vertical direction from the substrate and penetrates the stacking structure; and a vertical channel pattern on the inner surface of the vertical insulating pattern and contacting the lower semiconductor pattern, wherein an upper part of the lower semiconductor pattern includes a recess region including a curve-shaped profile, and in the recess region, the outer surface of a lower part of the vertical channel pattern contacts the lower semiconductor pattern along a curve of the recess region.
Abstract:
An antifreeze member includes a metal substrate, and a first coating layer including a recombinant antifreeze protein in which a metal-binding protein is conjugated to a performance-enhancing reformed antifreeze protein, and being bonded to the metal substrate via the metal-binding protein.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a stack structure on a substrate, the stack structure including interlayer insulating layers and first gate electrodes alternately stacked on each other, a semiconductor layer in an opening penetrating through the stack structure, a first dielectric layer between the semiconductor layer and the stack structure, and a lower pattern closer to the substrate than to the first gate electrodes in the stack structure, the lower pattern including a first surface facing the first dielectric layer, and a second surface facing the stack structure, the second surface defining an acute angle with the first surface, wherein the first dielectric layer includes a first portion facing the stack structure, and a second portion facing the first surface of the lower pattern, the second portion having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first portion.