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    Optical receiver having optical gain medium and mode selector
    1.
    发明授权
    Optical receiver having optical gain medium and mode selector 失效
    具有光增益介质和模式选择器的光接收器

    公开(公告)号：US4859015A

    公开(公告)日：1989-08-22

    申请号：US233334

    申请日：1988-08-17

    申请人： Jeffrey A. Krinsky ,  Robert A. Falk

    发明人： Jeffrey A. Krinsky ,  Robert A. Falk

    IPC分类号： G02B6/14 ,  H04B10/158

    CPC分类号： G02B6/14 ,  H04B10/673

    摘要： An optical receiver particularly suited for use in a noisy environment, the receiver includes an optical gain device for amplifying an input signal to produce an amplified input signal, a photodetector, and a mode selector. The optical gain device includes an optical gain medium, an optical input port through which the input signal may be received into the optical gain medium, and an optical output port through which an optical output signal may leave the optical gain medium. The output signal includes the amplified input signal, plus any noise generated within the optical gain device. The input and output ports include antireflection means. In a preferred embodiment, the mode selector comprises a single mode fiber-optic cable that transmits a single spatial mode of the output signal to the photodetector.

    摘要翻译： 一种特别适用于嘈杂环境的光接收机，该接收机包括用于放大输入信号以产生放大的输入信号的光增益装置，光电检测器和模式选择器。 光增益装置包括光增益介质，可以将输入信号接收到光增益介质中的光输入端口以及光输出端口，光输出信号可以通过该输出端口离开光增益介质。 输出信号包括放大的输入信号，加上在光学增益器件内产生的任何噪声。 输入和输出端口包括防反射装置。 在优选实施例中，模式选择器包括将输出信号的单个空间模式传输到光电检测器的单模光纤电缆。

    Externally induced voltage alterations for integrated circuit analysis
    2.
    发明授权
    Externally induced voltage alterations for integrated circuit analysis 有权

    公开(公告)号：US06580281B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

    申请号：US09850842

    申请日：2001-05-07

    申请人： Robert A. Falk

    发明人： Robert A. Falk

    IPC分类号： G01R3126

    CPC分类号： G01R31/3163 ,  G01R31/308

    摘要： A method and circuit for integrated circuit analysis. The apparatus includes an irradiation component configured to irradiate an integrated circuit, a constant voltage source, one or more current chokes placed between the constant voltage source and one or more connections to the integrated circuit, and one or more voltage amplifiers. The irradiation component introduces changes in the electrical state of the integrated circuit. The one or more voltage amplifiers produces a state signal relating to the changes introduced by the irradiation component in the integrated circuit. The current choke separates the function, a DC function, of supplying a voltage bias to the integrated circuit from the function, an AC function, of signal generation. This allows separate optimization of the two functions—the ability to correctly bias the integrated circuit and obtain high signal-to-noise ratios for the resulting signal. This optimization improves the sensing abilities of the circuit.

    Method and apparatus for optically measuring distance and velocity
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for optically measuring distance and velocity 失效
    用于光学测量距离和速度的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4611912A

    公开(公告)日：1986-09-16

    申请号：US481988

    申请日：1983-04-04

    申请人： Robert A. Falk ,  Gary L. Phillis

    发明人： Robert A. Falk ,  Gary L. Phillis

    IPC分类号： G01S17/32 ,  G01S17/58 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01P3/36

    CPC分类号： G01S17/325 ,  G01S17/58

    摘要： An apparatus is provided for use in optically determining distance and velocity relating to an object. The apparatus includes an optical radiation source that emits a first optical radiation signal of a modulating amplitude. The amplitude modulation of the first optical radiation signal is swept over a predetermined frequency range in a predetermined time period. Common optical components are employed to direct the first optical radiation signal towards the object, and to receive a portion of the first optical radiation signal that reflects off of the object. A portion of the first optical radiation signal is internally reflected by one of the common optical components to obtain a second optical radiation signal. An optical heterodyne detector optically mixes the received first and second optical radiation signals to produce an electrical output signal. The frequency of the electrical output signal is measured, and the frequency measurements are used to determine first and second frequency components. The first frequency component and the aforementioned predetermined frequency sweep time period are used to determine the distance of the object relative to the apparatus, and the second frequency component, which represents a Doppler shift, is employed to determine the velocity of the object.

    摘要翻译： 提供一种用于光学地确定与物体相关的距离和速度的装置。 该装置包括发射调制振幅的第一光辐射信号的光辐射源。 第一光辐射信号的幅度调制在预定时间段内扫过预定频率范围。 采用普通光学部件将第一光辐射信号引导到物体，并且接收反射离开物体的第一光辐射信号的一部分。 第一光辐射信号的一部分由公共光学部件之一内部反射，以获得第二光辐射信号。 光学外差检测器将所接收的第一和第二光辐射信号光学地混合以产生电输出信号。 测量电输出信号的频率，使用频率测量来确定第一和第二频率分量。 使用第一频率分量和上述预定频率扫描时间周期来确定对象相对于装置的距离，并且采用表示多普勒频移的第二频率分量来确定对象的速度。

    Process for the preparation of bis(perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio)alkanoic acids and lactone intermediates thereof
    5.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of bis(perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio)alkanoic acids and lactone intermediates thereof 失效
    制备双（全氟烷基 - 烷硫基）链烷酸及其内酯中间体的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4485251A

    公开(公告)日：1984-11-27

    申请号：US452531

    申请日：1982-12-23

    申请人： Robert A. Falk

    发明人： Robert A. Falk

    IPC分类号： C09K3/18 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C313/00 ,  C07C319/14 ,  C07C323/52 ,  C07C323/56 ,  C07D307/32 ,  C07D307/33 ,  D21H17/09 ,  D21H17/11

    CPC分类号： C07D307/33 ,  C07C319/14 ,  C07C323/52 ,  D21H17/09 ,  D21H17/11

    摘要： Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a bis(perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio)alkanoic acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.f is independently perfluoroalkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkoxyperfluoroalkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof;each A is independently alkylene of up to 6 carbon atoms or said alkylene interrupted by --O--; N(H)-- or --N(lower alkyl)--;R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; andR.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl or aryl substituted lower alkyl;by reacting a perfluoroalkyl-alkyl mercaptan of the formulaR.sub.f --A--SH (II)with a lactone of the formula ##STR2## in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid to form a perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio lactone of the formula ##STR3## and reacting said perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio lactone with additional perfluoroalkyl-alkylmercaptan of the formulaR.sub.f --A--SH (IIa)in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid, to obtain said bis(perfluoroalkyl-alkylthio)alkanoic acid of formula (I).

    摘要翻译： 公开了制备式（I）的双（全氟烷基 - 烷硫基）链烷酸的方法，其中每个Rf独立地为3至18个碳原子的全氟烷基或3至18个碳原子的全氟烷氧基全氟烷基，或其混合物 ; 每个A独立地为至多6个碳原子的亚烷基或被-O-间隔的所述亚烷基; N（H） - 或-N（低级烷基） - ; R是氢或1至6个碳原子的烷基; R1是氢或低级烷基; R 2为氢，低级烷基，芳基或芳基取代的低级烷基; 通过使式Rf-A-SH（II）的全氟烷基 - 烷基硫醇与式（III）的内酯在催化量的路易斯酸的存在下反应，形成全氟烷基 - 烷硫基内酯 （IV）化合物，并使所述全氟烷基 - 烷硫基内酯与式Rf-A-SH（IIa）的另外的全氟烷基 - 烷基硫醇在催化量的路易斯酸存在下反应，得到所述双（全氟烷基 - 烷硫基 ）式（I）的链烷酸。

    2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-alkyl-6-(2-hydrox y-3-benzoyl-6-alkoxybenzyl)phenols and stabilized compositions
    8.
    发明授权
    2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-alkyl-6-(2-hydrox y-3-benzoyl-6-alkoxybenzyl)phenols and stabilized compositions 失效
    2-（苯并三唑-2-基）-4-烷基-6-（2-羟基-3-苯甲酰基-6-烷氧基苄基）酚和稳定组合物

    公开(公告)号：US5439955A

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

    申请号：US333101

    申请日：1994-11-01

    申请人： Robert A. Falk ,  John J. Luzzi ,  Gregory R. Coughlin

    发明人： Robert A. Falk ,  John J. Luzzi ,  Gregory R. Coughlin

    IPC分类号： C07D249/20 ,  C08K5/3475 ,  C09K3/00

    CPC分类号： C07D249/20 ,  C08K5/3475

    摘要： 2-(Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-alkyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-benzoyl-6-alkoxybenzyl)phenols are prepared by reacting a Mannich base of a 2-(2-hydroxy-5-alkylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole with a 2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzophenone. The hybrid products exhibit outstanding efficacy in protecting organic substrates from light-induced deterioration as well as good resistance to loss by volatilization or exudation during the processing of stabilized compositions at elevated temperatures.

    摘要翻译： 2-（2-羟基-5-甲基苯基）-2-（2-羟基-3-苯甲酰基-6-烷氧基苄基）苯酚的曼尼希碱 ）-2H-苯并三唑与2-羟基-4-烷氧基二苯甲酮。 混合产品在保护有机基质免受光诱导的劣化以及在稳定的组合物在升高的温度下加工期间通过挥发或渗出的良好的耐损失性表现出显着的效果。

    5,5-bis (perfluoroalkylheteromethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes, and salts or esters thereof
    9.
    发明授权
    5,5-bis (perfluoroalkylheteromethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes, and salts or esters thereof 失效
    5,5-双（全氟烷基甲基）-2-羟基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环己烷及其盐或酯

    公开(公告)号：US5132445A

    公开(公告)日：1992-07-21

    申请号：US790988

    申请日：1991-11-13

    申请人： Robert A. Falk ,  Kirkland P. Clark

    发明人： Robert A. Falk ,  Kirkland P. Clark

    IPC分类号： C07F9/09 ,  C07F9/141 ,  C07F9/6574 ,  C08K5/521 ,  C08K5/524 ,  C08K5/527 ,  C14C11/00 ,  D21H19/46 ,  D21H21/16

    CPC分类号： D21H21/16 ,  C07F9/091 ,  C07F9/093 ,  C07F9/1411 ,  C07F9/1412 ,  C07F9/65742 ,  C08K5/521 ,  C08K5/524 ,  C08K5/527 ,  C14C11/00 ,  D21H19/46

    摘要： 5, 5-Bis(perfluoroalkylheteromethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes, derived acyclic phosphorus and phosphoric acids obtained by ring-opening, and salts or esters thereof are prepared from heteroatom containing perfluoroalkyl terminated neopentyl glycols of the formula: HO[CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 -X-E.sub.n -R.sub.f).sub.2 CH.sub.2)]H by cyclization with appropriate phosphorus containing esters or acids, or hydrolysis. These compositions provide improved thermal stability, and useful low surface energy oil and water repellent coatings for textiles, glass, paper, leather and other materials.Another aspect of this invention relates to the use of the phosphite group containing products as polymer stabilizers.

    摘要翻译： 通过开环获得的5,5-双（全氟烷基特氮基甲基）-2-羟基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环己烷衍生的无环磷和磷酸及其盐或酯由含全氟烷基封端的杂原子制备 通过用合适的含磷酯或酸环化或水解，得到下式的新戊二醇：HO [CH2C（CH2-X-En-Rf）2CH2）] H。 这些组合物为纺织品，玻璃，纸，皮革和其他材料提供了改善的热稳定性和有用的低表面能油和防水涂料。 本发明的另一方面涉及含有亚磷酸酯基团的产物作为聚合物稳定剂的用途。