公开(公告)号：US20220216939A1

公开(公告)日：2022-07-07

申请号：US17403815

申请日：2021-08-16

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Sandy Thomson ,  Sofia Amado ,  Aroutchelvame Mayilavelane ,  Christopher Fludger ,  Scott Pringle ,  Ahmed Awadalla ,  Han Sun ,  Ting-Kuang Chiang ,  Yuejian Wu

IPC: H04L1/00

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, multiple forward error correction (FEC) encoders are provided for encoding a respective one of a plurality of data streams. A mechanism is provided to mix or interleave portions of the encoded data such that each subcarrier carries information associated with each data stream, as opposed to each subcarrier carrying information associated with only a corresponding one of the data streams. As a result, both higher SNR and low SNR optical subcarriers carry such information, such that errors occurring during transmission are distributed and not concentrated or limited to information associated with a single data stream. Accordingly, at the receive end, each FEC decoder decodes information having a similar overall error rate. By balancing the error rates across each FEC encoder/decoder pair, the overall ability to correct errors improves compared to a system in which mixing or interleaving is not carried out.

公开(公告)号：US11121903B2

公开(公告)日：2021-09-14

申请号：US16152351

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/61 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04L27/36 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04B10/54 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US09276674B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-01

申请号：US14231379

申请日：2014-03-31

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Han H. Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Yuejian Wu ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04L1/00 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04L27/22 ,  H04L7/00 ,  H04L27/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/0775 ,  H04L7/0016 ,  H04L27/0014 ,  H04L27/223 ,  H04L27/2697

Abstract: An optical receiver may receive input signals carried by sub-carriers, and may apply test phases to each input signal. The optical receiver may determine error values, associated with test phases, for each input signal. The optical receiver may calculate updated metric values, associated with the test phases, for a particular input signal, based on a first error value and a second error value. The first error value may be associated with a first sub-carrier, and the second error value may be associated with a second sub-carrier. The optical receiver may compare the updated metric values associated with the particular input signal, and may determine a test phase that represents an estimated phase, associated with the particular input signal, based on the comparison. The optical receiver may determine a phase estimate value based on the test phase, and may provide the phase estimate value to modify the particular input signal.

Abstract translation: 光接收机可以接收由子载波携带的输入信号，并且可以将测试相位应用于每个输入信号。 光接收机可以确定与每个输入信号相关的测试相位的误差值。 基于第一误差值和第二误差值，光接收机可以针对特定输入信号计算与测试阶段相关联的更新度量值。 第一误差值可以与第一子载波相关联，并且第二误差值可以与第二子载波相关联。 光接收机可以比较与特定输入信号相关联的更新度量值，并且可以基于比较来确定表示与特定输入信号相关联的估计相位的测试阶段。 光接收机可以基于测试阶段确定相位估计值，并且可以提供相位估计值以修改特定的输入信号。

公开(公告)号：US20190149390A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-16

申请号：US16152353

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04L27/36 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L1/00

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US20190149387A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-16

申请号：US16152339

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04L27/36 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L1/00

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US09490845B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-08

申请号：US14323635

申请日：2014-07-03

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Karimi ,  Han Sun ,  Yuejian Wu ,  Scott G. Pringle ,  Sandy Thomson

IPC: H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/11 ,  H04L1/00

CPC classification number: H03M13/1128 ,  H03M13/1134 ,  H03M13/114 ,  H03M13/1154 ,  H03M13/116 ,  H04L1/005 ,  H04L1/0051 ,  H04L1/0057

Abstract: A low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder may receive LDPC coded data. The LDPC decoder may perform a decoding iteration associated with decoding the LDPC coded data. The decoding iteration may be performed by processing a group of layers. Each layer may include a corresponding set of check node elements, and may be processed by causing each check node element, of the set of check node elements corresponding to the layer, to update a set of variable node elements, connected to the check node element and associated with the LDPC coded data, based on a check node function associated with the check node element. The decoding iteration may be performed such that each layer is processed in parallel, and such that each check node element updates the corresponding set of variable node elements in parallel. The LDPC decoder may provide a result of performing the decoding iteration.

Abstract translation: 低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）解码器可以接收LDPC编码数据。 LDPC解码器可以执行与解码LDPC编码数据相关联的解码迭代。 解码迭代可以通过处理一组层来执行。 每个层可以包括对应的一组校验节点元素，并且可以通过使与该层相对应的校验节点元素组的每个校验节点元素来更新连接到校验节点元素的一组变量节点元素 并且基于与所述校验节点元素相关联的校验节点功能与所述LDPC编码数据相关联。 可以执行解码迭代，使得每个层被并行处理，并且使得每个校验节点元素并行地更新相应的变量节点元素组。 LDPC解码器可以提供执行解码迭代的结果。

公开(公告)号：US20210385062A1

公开(公告)日：2021-12-09

申请号：US17409787

申请日：2021-08-23

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Christopher Fludger ,  Mohsen Tehrani ,  Mehdi Karimi ,  Scott Pringle ,  Sofia Amado ,  Sandy Thomson

IPC: H04L7/033 ,  H04L7/00

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure independent phase and frequency clock recovery on each SC. Both leaf and hub perform digital clock recovery on each SC by increasing the Rx-ADC sampling rate by a few ppm (˜16 ppm), and using a delay compensating element, together with gapped clocks. The gaps and delay compensating elements are independent on each SC. The delay element is performed using the frequency domain DSP engine, where the frequency domain equalizer coefficients are modified with a delay compensating element Thus, each SC can have its own fine timing frequency and timing phase tuning, and fine tracking of its own jitter. When the delay compensating element, which, for example, may include a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, reaches the end of its range, a clock gap equal to an integer number of symbols is performed. The delay element can be reset by the same number of symbols providing continuous phase interpolation.

公开(公告)号：US20190149242A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-16

申请号：US16152351

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/516 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04B10/077

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US09319180B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-19

申请号：US14319354

申请日：2014-06-30

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Sandy Thomson ,  Han Sun ,  John D. McNicol

IPC: H03M13/00 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H03M13/29

CPC classification number: H04L1/0045 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/2987 ,  H03M13/3746 ,  H03M13/3761 ,  H03M13/6306 ,  H04B10/60 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04L1/0051 ,  H04L1/0052 ,  H04L1/0057

Abstract: An optical receiver may receive a data stream, and may decode the data stream using a first iterative forward error correction (FEC) decoder. The optical receiver may determine whether to further decode the data stream using the first iterative FEC decoder or a second iterative FEC decoder that is different from the first iterative FEC decoder. The optical receiver may selectively perform a first action or a section action based on determining whether to further decode the data stream. The first action may include providing the data stream to the first iterative FEC decoder or the second iterative FEC decoder for further decoding when the data stream is to be further decoded. The second action may include preventing the data stream from being provided to the first iterative FEC decoder or the second iterative FEC decoder when the data stream is not to be further decoded.

Abstract translation: 光接收机可以接收数据流，并且可以使用第一迭代前向纠错（FEC）解码器对数据流进行解码。 光接收机可以使用不同于第一迭代FEC解码器的第一迭代FEC解码器或第二迭代FEC解码器来确定是否进一步解码数据流。 光接收机可以基于确定是否进一步解码数据流来选择性地执行第一动作或片段动作。 第一动作可以包括将数据流提供给第一迭代FEC解码器或第二迭代FEC解码器，用于在要进一步解码数据流时进一步解码。 第二动作可以包括当数据流不被进一步解码时，防止数据流被提供给第一迭代FEC解码器或第二迭代FEC解码器。

公开(公告)号：US20150280814A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-01

申请号：US14231379

申请日：2014-03-31

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Han H. SUN ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Yuejian Wu ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/077

CPC classification number: H04B10/0775 ,  H04L7/0016 ,  H04L27/0014 ,  H04L27/223 ,  H04L27/2697

Abstract: An optical receiver may receive input signals carried by sub-carriers, and may apply test phases to each input signal. The optical receiver may determine error values, associated with test phases, for each input signal. The optical receiver may calculate updated metric values, associated with the test phases, for a particular input signal, based on a first error value and a second error value. The first error value may be associated with a first sub-carrier, and the second error value may be associated with a second sub-carrier. The optical receiver may compare the updated metric values associated with the particular input signal, and may determine a test phase that represents an estimated phase, associated with the particular input signal, based on the comparison. The optical receiver may determine a phase estimate value based on the test phase, and may provide the phase estimate value to modify the particular input signal.

Abstract translation: 光接收机可以接收由子载波携带的输入信号，并且可以将测试相位应用于每个输入信号。 光接收机可以确定与每个输入信号相关的测试相位的误差值。 基于第一误差值和第二误差值，光接收机可以针对特定输入信号计算与测试阶段相关联的更新度量值。 第一误差值可以与第一子载波相关联，并且第二误差值可以与第二子载波相关联。 光接收机可以比较与特定输入信号相关联的更新度量值，并且可以基于比较来确定表示与特定输入信号相关联的估计相位的测试阶段。 光接收机可以基于测试阶段确定相位估计值，并且可以提供相位估计值以修改特定的输入信号。