公开(公告)号：US20220077961A1

公开(公告)日：2022-03-10

申请号：US17529800

申请日：2021-11-18

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Yuliang Gao ,  Ahmed Morra ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Yeongho Park

IPC: H04L1/16 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04L27/26

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

公开(公告)号：US11121903B2

公开(公告)日：2021-09-14

申请号：US16152351

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/61 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04L27/36 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04B10/54 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US20240022334A1

公开(公告)日：2024-01-18

申请号：US18221798

申请日：2023-07-13

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： David S. Millar ,  Mehdi Torbatian ,  Han Henry Sun

IPC: H04B10/54 ,  H04B10/50

CPC classification number: H04B10/54 ,  H04B10/503

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k to a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. In one example, each subgroup of bits of the k input bit sequence is provided to a respective look-up table, whereby the sub-group of bits constitutes an address of a particular memory location in the corresponding look-up table. Based on the address, the contents at the particular memory location addressed by each subgroup of bits are output as a corresponding portion of a codeword. Each such codeword portion is provided to a further memory or buffer, such that the entire codeword is assembled in the buffer and output to forward error correction (FEC) circuitry. In a further example, the contents of each memory location of each look-up table is determined based on a sphere constellation shaping.

公开(公告)号：US11711148B2

公开(公告)日：2023-07-25

申请号：US16354115

申请日：2019-03-14

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/516 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L27/36

CPC classification number: H04B10/503 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04L1/005 ,  H04L1/0052 ,  H04L27/3483 ,  H04L27/363

Abstract: Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) is applied to a desired probability distribution over the 2-D constellation points. Constellation points are partitioned into multiple disjoint sets in which all the constellation points within a subset have the same energy level (i.e., amplitude) or distance from the origin on the complex plane. Each of the sets may be further subdivided into smaller disjoint sets of constellation points to facilitate labeling of the constellation points. The sets may be indexed from 0 to the total number of disjoint sets to form an index set. The desired distribution may then be applied over the index set either using a distribution matcher (DM) or using a lookup table. The desired distribution may be generated before forward error correction (FEC) encoding that preserves the generated amplitude distribution through FEC encoding of data bits. The scheme may map the FEC encoded data bits to the constellation points, such that the probability of occurrence of each signal set (with a specific energy level) follows the desired probability distribution within a fixed codeword length. In addition, PCS can be applied to both square and non-square constellations, which may or may not be arranged on a Cartesian grid.

公开(公告)号：US11502756B2

公开(公告)日：2022-11-15

申请号：US17134144

申请日：2020-12-24

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Yuliang Gao ,  Ahmed Morra ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Yeongho Park

IPC: H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/61 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04L7/00 ,  H04L69/22 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04B10/079 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04L27/00 ,  H04L1/16 ,  H04L27/26

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

公开(公告)号：US20210399870A1

公开(公告)日：2021-12-23

申请号：US17134141

申请日：2020-12-24

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Yuliang Gao ,  Ahmed Morra ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Yeongho Park

IPC: H04L7/00 ,  H04L29/06

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can synchronize, with less error, the data transmitted by the transmitter and the data it received. To further improve the framer index estimation, a lock indicator signal can be generated to signal to other receiver components that the estimated framer indices are reliable. The receiver can determine frequency offset and additional framer index estimations with increased reliability when performed after the lock indicator signal is generated.

公开(公告)号：US20190149242A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-16

申请号：US16152351

申请日：2018-10-04

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/516 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04B10/077

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US11902079B2

公开(公告)日：2024-02-13

申请号：US17473537

申请日：2021-09-13

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Deyuan Chan ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Sandy Thomson ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC: H04B10/516 ,  H04L27/36 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04B10/54 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04L25/03

CPC classification number: H04L27/362 ,  H04B10/0779 ,  H04B10/5161 ,  H04B10/541 ,  H04J14/0205 ,  H04J14/0226 ,  H04L1/005 ,  H04L1/0041 ,  H04L1/0042 ,  H04L1/0057 ,  H04L25/067 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04L27/3433 ,  H04L2025/03611

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an encoder circuit is provided at a transmit side of an optical fiber link that maps an input sequence of bits of fixed length k a sequence of symbols of a codeword of length n, such that the symbols of the codeword define a predetermined transmission probability distribution. Preferably, each symbol of the codeword is generated during a corresponding clock cycle, such that after n clock cycles, a complete codeword corresponding to the input bit sequence is output. On a receive end of the link, a decoder is provided that outputs the k-bit sequence every n clock cycles. Accordingly, buffers need not be provided at the output of the encoder and the input of the decoder, such that processing of the input sequence, codewords, and output sequence may be achieved efficiently without large buffers and complicated circuitry. Moreover, the input sequence, with any binary alphabet may be matched to a desired output distribution with any arbitrary alphabet. Accordingly, probabilistic constellation shaping may be achieved over constellations of arbitrary size. In addition, relatively long codewords, may be encoded and decoded with the apparatus and method disclosed herein. Accordingly, for a fixed SNR a higher SE (more bits per symbol) can be achieved. Alternatively, for a fixed SE, a lower SNR may be sufficient. Moreover, the resulting SE may be finely tailored to a particular optical link SNR to provide data transmission rates that are higher than the low order modulation formats that would otherwise be employed for optical signals carried by such links.

公开(公告)号：US20220224420A1

公开(公告)日：2022-07-14

申请号：US17529714

申请日：2021-11-18

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Yuliang Gao ,  Ahmed Morra ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Yeongho Park

IPC: H04B10/61 ,  H04B10/516 ,  H04L7/00 ,  H04L69/22 ,  H04L25/03 ,  H04B10/079 ,  H04B10/2575 ,  H04L27/00 ,  H04L1/16 ,  H04L27/26

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

公开(公告)号：US20220077931A1

公开(公告)日：2022-03-10

申请号：US17529753

申请日：2021-11-18

Applicant: Infinera Corporation

Inventor： Mehdi Torbatian ,  Yuliang Gao ,  Ahmed Morra ,  Han Henry Sun ,  Yeongho Park

IPC: H04B10/2575 ,  H04L27/00

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.