摘要:
A bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprises a substrate formed of stainless steel; an oriented amorphous carbon film formed at least on a surface of the substrate facing an electrode, and containing C as a main component, 3 to 20 at. % of N, and more than 0 at. % and not more than 20 at. % of H, and when the total amount of the C is taken as 100 at. %, the amount of C having an sp2 hybrid orbital (Csp2) being not less than 70 at. % and less than 100 at. %, and (002) planes of graphite being oriented along a thickness direction; a mixed layer generated in an interface between the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film and containing at least one kind of constituent atoms of each of the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film; and a plurality of projections protruding from the mixed layer into the oriented amorphous carbon film and having a mean length of 10 to 150 nm.
摘要:
Effective fillability and the uniformity electrodeposition of a copper electroplating solution is judged by determining the time-dependent potential change thereof at a cathode current density of 0.1-20 A/dm2. The potential change is determined at a working electrode rotation of 100-7500 rpm, and the fillability with the solution is judged from the curve profile. In an embodiment of the present invention, the fillability is judged by obtaining the potential change speed in the initial stage of electrolysis and the potential convergent point from the time-dependent potential change curve for a predetermined period of time after the start of the electrolysis.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrochemical electrode wherein transition metal (nickel) nanoparticles are used to form an active layer having a large surface area without using a conductive support while maintaining dispersibility and stability, and a method for producing the same.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic cell that demonstrates a superior photoelectric conversion function. The present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell comprising a semiconductor electrode, an electrolyte and a counter electrode, wherein (1) the semiconductor electrode contains an oxide semiconductor layer having photocatalytic activity, (2) the oxide semiconductor layer contains secondary particles in which primary particles comprising a metal oxide are aggregated, (3) the average particle diameter of the primary particles is from 1 nm to 50 nm, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is from 100 nm to 10 μm, and (4) the photovoltaic cell generates electromotive force by radiating light of a wavelength substantially equal to the average particle diameter of the secondary particles onto the semiconductor electrode.
摘要:
A server, which transmits phonetic-sound information to a plurality of client machines and reproduces the transmitted phonetic-sound information, includes a storage unit for storing a plurality of pieces of voiced phonetic-sound information whose contents are voices of a plurality of speakers in a conversation made up of the voices of the plurality of speakers. The server also includes a timing determining unit for determining reproduction timing of the plurality of pieces of voiced phonetic-sound information, and a transmitting unit for transmitting the voiced phonetic-sound information which is applicable to each client machine, so that its reproduction is executed in the reproduction timing determined by the timing determining unit.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen reduction electrode having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability. In a method of manufacturing a manganese oxide nanostructure having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability and composed of secondary particles which are aggregations of primary particles of manganese oxide, a target plate made of manganese oxide is irradiated with laser light to desorb the component substance of the target plate, and the desorbed substance is deposited on a substrate facing substantially parallel to the aforementioned target plate.
摘要:
In fabricating a monochromic and highly coherent light source, no single crystalline bulk semiconductor is used, but two different kinds of transparent substances are alternately stacked over each other to constitute a periodic structure in ½ of the intended wavelength. At least one of the two kinds of transparent substances is controllable in electric conductivity, and the structure is such that inside a medium consisting of this kind of transparent substance light-emitting semiconductor particulates are embedded. Accordingly, a light-emitting device has this structure, which makes possible control of the center wavelength of light emission, the width of wavelength distribution and coherence by adjusting the geometrical parameters of the device without having to alter the kind of material use.
摘要:
Effective fillability and the uniformity electrodeposition of a copper electroplating solution is judged by determining the time-dependent potential change thereof at a cathode current density of 0.1-20 A/dm2. The potential change is determined at a working electrode rotation of 100-7500 rpm, and the fillability with the solution is judged from the curve profile. The time-dependent potential change curve within a predetermined period of time after the start of electrolysis is approximated according to the Boltzmann's function, and the potential change speed dx and the potential convergent point A2 are obtained to judge the fillability with a plating solution.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen reduction electrode having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability. In a method of manufacturing a manganese oxide nanostructure having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability and composed of secondary particles which are aggregations of primary particles of manganese oxide, a target plate made of manganese oxide is irradiated with laser light to desorb the component substance of the target plate, and the desorbed substance is deposited on a substrate facing substantially parallel to the aforementioned target plate.
摘要:
This invention relates an optoelectronic material comprising a uniform medium with a controllable electric characteristic; and semiconductor ultrafine particles dispersed in the medium and having a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, and an application device using the same. This invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an optoelectronic material by irradiating a laser beam onto a first target of a semiconductor material, placed in a reaction chamber in low pressure rare gas ambient, and a second target of a medium material with a controllable electric characteristic, placed in the reaction chamber, condensing/growing a semiconductor material ablated from the first target to be collected as ultrafine particles having a mean particle size of 100 nm or smaller on a substrate placed in the reaction chamber, and condensing/growing a medium material ablated from the second target to be collected on the substrate placed in the reaction chamber, thus forming an ultrafine-particles dispersed layer having semiconductor ultrafine particles dispersed in the medium on the substrate.