Abstract:
An incentive-based demand response (DR) method and system are provided from the view of a grid operator (GO) to enable system-level dispatch of DR resources. The method spans three hierarchical levels of a GO, multiple service providers (SPs), and corresponding customers. The GO first posts an incentive to SPs, who will then invoke sub-programs with enrolled customers to negotiate quantities of demand reduction via providing SP incentives. In view of the hierarchical decision-making structure, a two-loop Stackelberg game is proposed to capture interactions between different actors. The existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibrium that provides optimal system solutions is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in helping compensate system resource deficiency at minimum cost.
Abstract:
Potable water is produced by extraction of water vapor from air. Water absorbed inside a desiccant bed is forced into vapor phase by using input heat energy, for example, waste heat from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Pre-heating a portion of the desiccant material prior to desorption enhances efficiency. Energy for the pre-heating may be obtained by recovering heat from the desiccant material prior to adsorption.
Abstract:
A reflective type FFS-LCD includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first substrate formed with counter and pixel electrodes on one side of the liquid crystal layer to generate a fringer field to drive the liquid crystal molecules; a second substrate on the other side of the liquid crystal layer; a first homogeneous alignment layer near the first substrate having a rubbing axis in a selected direction; a second homogeneous alignment layer near the second substrate and having a rubbing axis in a selected direction; a polarizer having a selected polarizing axis; and a reflective plate. Retardation occurs in the liquid crystal layer by (2n+1)&lgr;/4 when the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are driven by the fringe field.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for purifying air to deactivate toxic chemical and biological species such as Sarin, mustard gas, phosgene, cyanogen chloride, Anthrax spores, E. coli bacteria, Salmonella bacteria, Hepatitis virus, and Norwalk virus. The apparatus comprises a reaction chamber coupled to a counterflow heat exchanger. Incoming contaminated air is directed through a heating side of a counterflow heat exchanger to preheat it. The air is further heated to a temperature of at least 200° C., which is sufficient to deactivate common biological toxic species. Optionally, the reaction chamber may include a catalyst on a surface area over which the heated air is directed, which enables a thermocatalytic reaction that is particularly effective in deactivating biological and chemical warfare agents, such as anthrax and Sarin. Portable embodiments of the invention are useful in both military and civilian air purifying applications, while fixed installation of the apparatus are useful in deactivating toxic species from the air in areas where food is prepared or stored, or in purifying air in the environment of a living space.
Abstract:
An ink delivery system of a liquid electrophotographic color printer which supplies liquid developers of predetermined concentration, each of which is a mixture of a toner and a liquid carrier, to a plurality of respective developing units, and which recovers the carrier using a drying/condensing unit which absorbs and evaporates the carrier remaining on the photosensitive medium after development. A plurality of circulation tanks store respective developers to be supplied to a corresponding developing unit. Respective concentration measuring devices measure the concentration of the developers. A waste tank receives waste developer produced in the plurality of circulation tanks, and includes a waste developer agitating device for agitating the waste developer. A plurality of ink storage tanks store concentrated inks of predetermined colors to be supplied to the respective circulation tanks, and include respective ink agitators driven by a single driving source. A carrier storage tank stores a carrier to be supplied to the circulation tanks, and having an inclined surface at the bottom so that water and a liquid carrier condensed by the drying/condensing unit can be stored in a stratified state. A refill cartridge stores a concentrated ink or carrier with compressed air and is removably installed at a common installation portion provided at the main body of the printer. A developer refilling/waste recovering mechanism refills a concentrated ink or carrier of the refill cartridge into a corresponding ink storage tank or carrier storage tank and recovers the waste developer stored in the waste tank to an empty refill cartridge.
Abstract:
In a method for displaying the multi-screens of a video color printer, automatic strobe key input is checked during a multi-screen mode by processing key input. If the strobe key is selected, a set time increment is provided by a user, divided by thirteen and stored. A memory enable signal is generated according to the divided set time increment so as to read/write 13 screens continuously within the entered set time increment. Further, the 13th screen is processed n times larger than the other screens of multi-screens.
Abstract:
Provided is an apparatus and method for allocating time slots to nodes without contention in a wireless network. The method for allotting time slots includes: receiveing a packet length and maximum allowable latencies of the nodes and converting them into data in symbol units; determining a beacon order so that a beacon interval representing a length of a superframe is smaller than or equal to a minimum value of the converted maximum allowable latencies; determining a superframe order so that the sum of a length of a beacon frame, a length of a contention access period, and a length of contention free period is smaller than a length of an active portion, based on the converted packet length; and allocating a guaranteed time slot without contention to each node according to an allocation priority order for the nodes.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a panel capable of driving a liquid crystal in stable manner and improving response speed of the liquid crystal of a liquid crystal display, and the panel according to the present invention may include: a substrate; a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed facing each other on the substrate; and a branch electrode extending from at least one of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method are provided. A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including liquid crystal molecules; a first electrode positioned on the first substrate; an insulating layer positioned on the first electrode; a second electrode positioned on the insulating layer; and a third electrode positioned on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode includes a plurality of branches and a slit between neighboring ones of the branches, and a width of the slit is more than about two times to less than about five times a width of its corresponding branches.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes: forming a liquid crystal panel including two substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two substrates and irradiating light to the liquid crystal layer in a state in which a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules and a reactive monomer, and the voltage applied to the liquid crystal panel is an AC voltage. The liquid crystal molecules are isotropic in a state that the voltage is not applied thereto and are anisotropic in a state that the voltage is applied thereto.