Abstract:
A specimen analyzing method and a specimen analyzing apparatus capable of measuring interference substances before analyzing a specimen. The method comprises a step for sucking the specimen stored in a specimen container (150) and sampling it in a first container (153), a step for optically measuring the specimen in the first container, a step for sampling the specimen in a second container (154) and preparing a specimen for measurement by mixing the specimen with a reagent in the second container, and a step for analyzing the specimen for measurement according to the results of the optical measurement of the specimen.
Abstract:
The present invention is to present a dispenser which is capable of heating a liquid to an approximately constant temperature in the same time regardless of an aspiration amount of the liquid. The dispenser comprises a liquid holder for holding a liquid; aspiration amount information obtaining means for obtaining aspiration amount information indicating an aspiration amount of the liquid; an aspiration-discharge part for aspirating the aspiration amount of the liquid indicated by the obtained aspiration amount information into the liquid holder and discharging the liquid from the liquid holder; a heater for heating the liquid held by the liquid holder; a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the liquid held by the liquid holder; target temperature determining means for determining a target temperature of the liquid based on the aspiration amount of the liquid indicated by the obtained aspiration amount information; and controlling means for controlling the heater so as to conform the temperature detected by the temperature sensor to the target temperature.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a hydrogen-generating apparatus comprising two catalytic reactors cyclically operating reforming and regeneration (combustion) mode, in which the reduction in reforming efficiency associated with an increase in switching frequency to the regeneration reaction can be suppressed, and generation of hydrogen by reforming can stably be performed. In the reforming reaction, a cathode offgas discharged from a hydrogen-separation-membrane fuel cell 30 having a hydrogen-permeating film is supplied to PSR reformers 10 and 20, in which the reforming reaction and the regeneration reaction are performed alternately.
Abstract:
An electrolyte layer (121) and a hydrogen-permeable metal layer (122) are fitted in a fitting portion (131) of a low thermal expansion member (130), and a cathode electrode (110) is provided on the electrolyte layer (121). Gas separators (100, 150) are provided such that a low thermal expansion member (130) is held between the gas separators (100, 150). Since the low thermal expansion member (130) is made of metal which has a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of the hydrogen-permeable metal layer (122), thermal expansion of the hydrogen-permeable metal layer (122) can be suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce shear stress applied to an interface between the electrolyte layer (121) and the hydrogen-permeable metal layer (122) due to the thermal expansion. It is possible to suppress separation of the electrolyte layer (121) from the hydrogen-permeable metal layer (122) and occurrence of a crack in the electrolyte layer (121).
Abstract:
In a fuel reforming apparatus having a reformer for reforming a raw fuel containing a hydrocarbon-containing compound so as to produce a hydrogen-rich fuel gas for use in a fuel cell, a carbon removal process for removing carbon deposited on a reforming catalyst contained in the reformer is executed by controlling the amount of the raw fuel supplied to the reformer and the amount of the oxygen supplied to the reformer so that a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms O supplied to the reformer to the number of carbon atoms supplied to the reformer becomes larger than an appropriate range of the O/C ratio that is to be established during a normal operation of the reformer.
Abstract:
A fuel injector (6) and spark plug (7) are arranged in a combustion chamber (5) of an internal combustion engine. By forming by stratification a self-ignitable preliminary air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (5), a spatial distribution is given to the density of the preliminary air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (5). Part of the preliminary air-fuel mixture formed in the combustion chamber (5) is ignited by the spark plug (7) to cause combustion by flame propagation, then the remaining preliminary air-fuel mixture is successively made to self-ignite and burn with a time lag. The ignition timing is set so that the ratio of the preliminary air-fuel mixture made to burn by self-ignition becomes more than a predetermined lower limit and less than a knocking generation limit.
Abstract:
The invention is related to fuels having a high laminar flame speed and particular distillation characteristics. More particularly, the invention is directed towards fuels containing at least one species having a laminar flame speed greater than isooctane's laminar flame speed and specific distillation characteristics including T50, FBP, IBP.
Abstract:
A compression ignition type engine, wherein a first combustion where the amount of the recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is larger than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks and almost no soot is produced and a second combustion where the amount of recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is smaller than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks are selectively switched between and where the second combustion is switched to the first combustion when the temperature of the catalyst arranged in an engine exhaust passage is about to fall below the activation temperature.
Abstract:
An exhaust gas purifying catalyst in which catalytic activation particles 3 composed of a catalytic element or its compound are carried on a carrier 1. The catalytic activation particles 3, as carried on the carrier 1 and exposed to the outside of the carrier 1, are coated with the carrier 1 by 20 to 90% of their whole surface area. Also disclosed is a process for producing the exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
Abstract:
An engine comprising an exhaust gas recirculation system, wherein a first combustion where the amount of the recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is larger than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks and almost no soot is produced and a second combustion where the amount of recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is smaller than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks are selectively switched. The exhaust gas recirculation rate is caused to be changed in a step-like manner when switching from the first combustion to the second combustion or from the second combustion to the first combustion.