Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for adding hops in beer manufacture, having the following process steps; a) separation of a sub-quantity (07a) of water and/or wort (07) and/or beer as an aqueous fluid, b) addition of hop extract (10) in liquid or pasty form to the separated aqueous fluid (07a), c) production of a macroemulsion (13) of the hop extract by emulsifying the hop extract (10) in the aqueous fluid (07a), d) increasing the pressure in the macroemulsion (13) of the hop extract to a feed pressure of in particular higher than 100 bar, e) production of a microemulsion (17) of the hop extract by feeding the pressurized macroemulsion (13) through a gap or a valve (16) or by feeding the pressurized macroemulsion against a baffle plate, f) at least partial return of the microemulsion (17) of the hop extract to the beer manufacturing process.
Abstract:
There is provided a process for the production of sulfur containing organosilicon compounds of the formula (I) Z -- Alk -- S.sub.x -- Alk -- Z, where Z is the grouping: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, the benzyl group, phenyl or phenyl substituted with at least one methyl, ethyl or chloro group, R.sup.2 is alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxyethoxy, cycloalkoxy with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or hydrogen, Alk is divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or such a group interrupted by --O--, --S-- or --NH-- and x is a number from 2.0 to 6.0 comprising reacting an alkali metal alcoholate, preferably in alcoholic solution with a compound of the formula (II) Z -- Alk -- Hal, where Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine with a hydrosulfide of the formula (III) MeSH, in which Me is ammonium, an alkali metal atom or an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal or zinc and with sulfur, preferably in the presence of at least one organic solvent, separating from the halide formed, and removing the organic solvent.
Abstract:
There is provided a process for the production of sulfur containing organosilicon compounds of the formula (I) Z--Alk--S.sub.x --Alk--Z, where Z is the grouping: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, the benzyl group, phenyl or phenyl substituted with at least one methyl, ethyl or chloro group and R.sup.2 is alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, methoxyethoxy, cycloalkoxy with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenoxy or benzyloxy, Alk is divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or such a group interrupted once or twice by --O--, --S-- or --NH-- and x is a number from 2.0 to 6.0 comprising reacting a compound of the formula (II) Y--Alk--Hal, where Y is: ##STR2## WHERE Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine with at least one compound of the formula R.sup.3 OH in which R.sup.3 is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, methoxyethyl, cycloalkyl with 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl or in the case of forming (d) reacting a tris alkoxysilane with triethanolamine to form the corresponding silatrane and with a hydrosulfide of the formula (III) MeSH, in which Me is ammonium, an alkali metal atom or an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal and with sulfur, preferably in the presence of at least one organic solvent, separating from the halide formed, and removing the organic solvent.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to organosilicon compounds of the general formula prepared by reacting triazine compounds with functional groups (e.g., chlorine) and corresponding compounds (e.g., mercapto). The organosilicon compounds can be used in rubber mixtures.
Abstract:
Aqueous emulsions are disclosed containing organosilicon compounds for the impregnation of inorganic materials, in particular building materials, containing alkoxysilanes and silane surfactants. The emulsions comprise 1-80% by weight of one alkoxy silane, ##STR1## X.dbd.H,cl,Br, I, NH.sub.2, SCN, CN, N.sub.3, NHR, NR, NR.sub.3, --S.sub.x --, aryl or alkenyla.dbd.0 or 1b.dbd.1 or 2and, 1-30% of an organosilicon compound ##STR2##
Abstract:
The invention is directed to N,N' and N,N',N'-substituted silylureas and a process for their production in which in a single step process there are reacted a halogenoalkylsilane or a halogenbenzylsilane with a primary or secondary amine and an alkali cyanate in equimolar amounts.
Abstract:
Compounds are prepared having the formulaZ--Alk--S.sub.x --Alk Z Iwherein Z is ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms or phenyl,R.sup.2 is an alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group of 5 to 8 carbon atoms or phenoxy,Alk is a divalent hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms which can be interrupted with one or two --O--, --S-- or --NH group, andX is a number of 2 to 6 by reacting a compound having the formulaIi. z--alk--SH with sulfur. Some of the compounds are novel and some are old, e.g., in Meyer-Simon U.S. Pat. No. 3,842,111. The compounds are useful as bonding agents in sulfur vulcanizable rubbers.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for an accelerated fermentation in a fermentation tank 2 with at least a tank cone 2a and a connection flange 4, in particular for beer production. The method comprises the steps: a) sucking in of fermentation fluid M1 from the tank 2 via a first circulation pipe 40 by means of a circulation pump 30; b) inducing of the drive fluid M1 that is now pumped by the circulation pump 30 via a second circulation pipe 50 in a mixing member 10 that is arranged within the tank cone 2a at a height L of 350 mm-1800 mm between the bottom edge of the connection flange 4 and the bottom edge of the mixing member 10; and c) generating of a jet directed upwards and exiting through an outlet opening 18 of the mixing member 10, so that the yeast cells stay for a longer time in suspension in the tank 2 by means of an in such a way improved convective current. The invention relates moreover to a corresponding device.
Abstract:
Propyl silanes functionalized in 3-position are produced by catalytically reacting allyl compounds of the formula H2C═CH—CH2X with silanes of the formula R2R3R4SiH and using a 3- to 100-fold excess of silane.