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    Liposomes for Preventing the Spread of HIV
    2.
    发明申请
    Liposomes for Preventing the Spread of HIV 审中-公开
    用于预防艾滋病毒传播的脂质体

    公开(公告)号：US20130028959A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-31

    申请号：US13516043

    申请日：2010-12-16

    申请人： Nikita Kiran Malavia ,  Daniel S. Kohane

    发明人： Nikita Kiran Malavia ,  Daniel S. Kohane

    IPC分类号： A61K9/127 ,  A61K9/133 ,  A61K38/46 ,  A61P31/12 ,  A61P31/18 ,  A61K38/17 ,  A61K39/395 ,  B82Y5/00

    CPC分类号： A61K31/683 ,  A61K9/127 ,  A61K45/06 ,  A61K2300/00

    摘要： Formulations for preventing the sexual transmission of the HIV virus are provided. In one embodiment, the formulations contain un-conjugated liposomes whose physicochemical properties allow binding to the HIV virus. The liposomes are made up of natural or synthetic lipids, alone or in combination. Preferably, the liposomes are made entirely of cardiolipin. In other embodiments the liposomes are modified to contain Hgands which bind HIV. The method for preventing the sexual transmission of the HIV virus includes self-administration of a formulation containing an effective amount of liposomes which bind to the HIV virus to the surface of a mucosal membrane prior to intercourse.

    摘要翻译： 提供了防止HIV病毒性传播的制剂。 在一个实施方案中，制剂含有未缀合的脂质体，其物理化学性质允许与HIV病毒结合。 脂质体单独或组合由天然或合成的脂质组成。 优选地，脂质体完全由心磷脂制成。 在其它实施方案中，将脂质体修饰成含有结合HIV的Hg。 防止HIV病毒性传播的方法包括在性交前将包含有效量的结合HIV病毒的脂质体的制剂自主给药至粘膜表面。

    RADIATIVE HEATING FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
    3.
    发明申请
    RADIATIVE HEATING FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND OTHER APPLICATIONS 审中-公开
    用于药物递送和其他应用的放射性加热

    公开(公告)号：US20110212027A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-09-01

    申请号：US13055227

    申请日：2009-07-23

    申请人： Todd R. Hoare ,  Daniel S. Kohane ,  Alan J. Fenn ,  William L. Neeley ,  Robert S. Langer

    发明人： Todd R. Hoare ,  Daniel S. Kohane ,  Alan J. Fenn ,  William L. Neeley ,  Robert S. Langer

    IPC分类号： A61K49/00 ,  A61K47/30 ,  C08F20/56

    CPC分类号： A61K41/0028 ,  A61K9/0002 ,  A61K9/0024 ,  A61K9/0097 ,  A61K47/32 ,  C08G73/0266 ,  C08L79/02

    摘要： The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for releasing a releasable species from an article using an external trigger, for example, using microwave radiation or other forms of radiation, e.g., radiofrequency radiation. Such systems and methods may be useful, for example, in biological applications (e.g., as an implant within a subject), industrial applications, commercial applications, or the like. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to an article containing a radiation-sensitive polymer or other radiation-sensitive material. Exposure of the radiation- sensitive material to radiation such as microwave and/or radiofrequency radiation may cause the material to increase in temperature. This increase in temperature may be used, in some cases, to cause the release of a drug or other releasable species from the article. For instance, a drug may be contained in a heat-sensitive material positioned in thermal communication with the radiation-sensitive material, or a drug may be contained within an enclosure that is isolated, at least in part, by a heat-sensitive material positioned in thermal communication with the radiation-sensitive material. In another aspect of the invention, a receive antenna, such as a microwave receive antenna may be used to focus microwave and/or radiofrequency radiation on an article. For instance, the receive antenna may focus microwave and/or radiofrequency radiation on a radiation-sensitive material in the article. Such focusing may be useful, in some embodiments, to control release of a drug or other releasable species from the article. Other aspects of the invention are directed to systems and methods of making or using such articles, e.g., by implanting the article within a subject, methods of treatment involving such articles, kits including such articles, and the like.

    摘要翻译： 本发明一般涉及使用外部触发器（例如使用微波辐射或其它形式的辐射，例如射频辐射）从制品中释放可释放物质的系统和方法。 这样的系统和方法可用于例如生物应用（例如，作为受试者内的植入物），工业应用，商业应用等。 本发明的一个方面通常涉及含有辐射敏感聚合物或其它辐射敏感材料的制品。 将辐射敏感材料暴露于辐射如微波和/或射频辐射可能导致材料温度升高。 在某些情况下，可以使用这种温度升高来引起药物或其它可释放物质从制品中的释放。 例如，药物可以包含在与辐射敏感材料热定位的热敏材料中，或者药物可以包含在外壳内，所述外壳至少部分地被定位的热敏材料隔离 与辐射敏感材料进行热交换。 在本发明的另一方面，诸如微波接收天线的接收天线可用于将微波和/或射频辐射聚焦在物品上。 例如，接收天线可以将微波和/或射频辐射聚焦在制品中的辐射敏感材料上。 在一些实施方案中，这种聚焦可能是有用的，以控制药物或其它可释放物质从制品的释放。 本发明的其它方面涉及制造或使用这些制品的系统和方法，例如通过将物品植入受试者内，涉及这种制品的治疗方法，包括这种制品的试剂盒等。

    CHEMICAL PERMEATION ENHANCERS ENHANCE NERVE BLOCKADE BY TOXINS
    5.
    发明申请
    CHEMICAL PERMEATION ENHANCERS ENHANCE NERVE BLOCKADE BY TOXINS 有权
    化学渗透增强剂通过毒素增强神经阻滞

    公开(公告)号：US20110237611A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

    申请号：US12993759

    申请日：2009-05-19

    申请人： Daniel S. Kohane ,  Itay Sagie ,  Emmanuel J. Simons

    发明人： Daniel S. Kohane ,  Itay Sagie ,  Emmanuel J. Simons

    IPC分类号： A61K31/519 ,  A61K31/167 ,  A61P23/02

    CPC分类号： A61K47/22 ,  A61K9/0014 ,  A61K9/0019 ,  A61K9/0024 ,  A61K31/445 ,  A61K31/519 ,  A61K45/06 ,  A61K47/18 ,  A61K47/186 ,  A61K47/20 ,  A61K2300/00

    摘要： Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) improve access of local anesthetics to the nerve, thereby improving their performance. Surfactants, representing three CPE sub-groups: anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, were co-injected with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or bupivacaine at the sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats. All enhancers produced marked concentration-dependent improvements in the frequency and duration of block with TTX but not bupivacaine. An in vitro toxicity assay showed a wide range of CPE myotoxicity, but in vivo histological assessment showed no signs of muscle or nerve damage at concentrations of CPEs that produced a half-maximal increase in the duration of block of TTX. There was no systematic relationship between the enhancers' charge or hydrophobicity and their enhancement of block duration or potency. Thus, CPEs can provide marked prolongation of nerve blockade from TTX, without apparent local tissue toxicity, and therefore enhance the clinical applicability of TTX for prolonged-duration local anesthesia.

    摘要翻译： 化学渗透增强剂（CPE）改善局部麻醉剂对神经的通路，从而改善其性能。 代表三个CPE亚组的表面活性剂：阴离子，阳离子和非离子表面活性剂，与Sprague-Dawley大鼠坐骨神经共同注射河豚毒素（TTX）或布比卡因。 所有增强剂在TTX而不是布比卡因的阻滞频率和持续时间方面产生显着的浓度依赖性改善。 体外毒性测定显示出广泛的CPE肌体毒性，但是在体内组织学评估中，在CPE浓度下，TTX阻滞期持续时间增加最多时，未显示出肌肉或神经损伤的迹象。 增强剂的电荷或疏水性与其阻滞持续时间或效力的增强之间没有系统的关系。 因此，CPE可以从TTX提供显着的神经阻滞延长，没有明显的局部组织毒性，因此提高TTX长期局部麻醉的临床适用性。

    Local anesthetic formulations
    8.
    发明授权
    Local anesthetic formulations 失效
    局部麻醉剂配方

    公开(公告)号：US06326020B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-04

    申请号：US09079622

    申请日：1998-05-15

    申请人： Daniel S. Kohane ,  Charles B. Berde ,  Gary Strichartz ,  Robert S. Langer

    发明人： Daniel S. Kohane ,  Charles B. Berde ,  Gary Strichartz ,  Robert S. Langer

    IPC分类号： A61F200

    摘要： Combinations of naturally occurring site 1 sodium channel blockers, such as tetrodotoxin (TTX), saxitoxin (STX), decarbamoyl saxitoxin, and neosaxitoxin (referred to jointly herein as “toxins”), with other agents, have been developed to give long duration block with improved features, including safety and specificity. In one embodiment, duration of block is greatly prolonged by combining a toxin with a local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor, glucocorticoid, and/or adrenergic drugs, both alpha agonists (epinephrine, phenylephrine), beta-blockers (propranalol), and mixed central-peripheral alpha-2 agonists (clonidine), or other agents. In another embodiment, the duration of nerve block from toxin can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of amphiphilic or lipophilic solvents. In still another embodiment, the effectiveness of these compositions is enhanced by microencapsulation within polymeric carriers, preferably biodegradable synthetic polymeric carriers. Modality specific nerve block can be obtained using combinations of toxin with vanilloids.

    摘要翻译： 已经开发出天然存在的1位钠通道阻断剂如河豚毒素（TTX），沙毒素（STX），脱氨甲酰沙司苏辛和新西沙毒素（本文共同称为“毒素”）与其他药物的组合，以产生长期阻滞 具有改进的特征，包括安全性和特异性。 在一个实施方案中，通过将毒素与局部麻醉剂，血管收缩剂，糖皮质激素和/或肾上腺素能药物α激动剂（肾上腺素，去氧肾上腺素），β-阻滞剂（propranalol）和混合的中枢外周 α-2激动剂（可乐定）或其它药剂。 在另一个实施方案中，通过包含两亲或亲脂性溶剂可以大大增强来自毒素的神经阻滞的持续时间。 在另一个实施方案中，这些组合物的有效性通过聚合物载体（优选可生物降解的合成聚合物载体）内的微囊化来增强。 可以使用毒素与香草素的组合获得形态特异性神经阻滞。

    SCAFFOLDS COMPRISING NANOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR CELLS, TISSUES, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
    10.
    发明申请
    SCAFFOLDS COMPRISING NANOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR CELLS, TISSUES, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS 有权
    包含电池组件，组织和其他应用的纳米电子元件

    公开(公告)号：US20140074253A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-13

    申请号：US14018082

    申请日：2013-09-04

    申请人： Charles M. Lieber ,  Jia Liu ,  Bozhi Tian ,  Tal Dvir ,  Robert S. Langer ,  Daniel S. Kohane

    发明人： Charles M. Lieber ,  Jia Liu ,  Bozhi Tian ,  Tal Dvir ,  Robert S. Langer ,  Daniel S. Kohane

    IPC分类号： A61L27/30 ,  C12M1/12

    CPC分类号： A61L27/56 ,  A61L27/02 ,  A61L27/025 ,  A61L27/04 ,  A61L27/08 ,  A61L27/18 ,  A61L27/30 ,  A61L27/38 ,  A61L27/3826 ,  A61L27/383 ,  A61L27/50 ,  A61L27/507 ,  A61L2400/12 ,  C12M25/14 ,  C12M35/02

    摘要： The present invention generally relates to nanoscale wires and tissue engineering. In various embodiments, cell scaffolds for growing cells or tissues can be formed that include nanoscale wires that can be connected to electronic circuits extending externally of the cell scaffold. The nanoscale wires may form an integral part of cells or tissues grown from the cell scaffold, and can even be determined or controlled, e.g., using various electronic circuits. This approach allows for the creation of fundamentally new types of functionalized cells and tissues, due to the high degree of electronic control offered by the nanoscale wires and electronic circuits. Accordingly, such cell scaffolds can be used to grow cells or tissues which can be determined and/or controlled at very high resolutions, due to the presence of the nanoscale wires, and such cell scaffolds will find use in a wide variety of novel applications, including applications in tissue engineering, prosthetics, pacemakers, implants, or the like.

    摘要翻译： 本发明一般涉及纳米线和组织工程。 在各种实施方案中，可以形成用于生长细胞或组织的细胞支架，其包括可连接到在细胞支架外部延伸的电子电路的纳米线。 纳米线可以形成从细胞支架生长的细胞或组织的组成部分，并且甚至可以被确定或控制，例如使用各种电子电路。 由于纳米线和电子电路提供的高度的电子控制，这种方法允许创建基本上新型的功能化细胞和组织。 因此，由于存在纳米线，这样的细胞支架可用于生长可以以非常高的分辨率确定和/或控制的细胞或组织，并且这种细胞支架可用于各种各样的新颖应用， 包括在组织工程，假肢，起搏器，植入物等中的应用。