Abstract:
A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150° C. to 250° C., introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270° C. to 300° C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.
Abstract:
A process for removing trace amounts of moisture and/or one or more impurities from contaminated hydride, inert and non-reactive gases, thus decreasing the concentration of the impurities to parts-per-billion (ppb) or parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. The gas purifier materials of this invention include thermally activated aluminas, said aluminas including organic alumina materials, modified organic alumina materials, and modified inorganic aluminas. The thermally activated alumina materials of this invention are activated by heating the alumina material at a temperature between about 50° C.–1000° C. in an inert or non-inert atmosphere or in a vacuum and maintaining the activated material in the inert or non-inert atmosphere or in a vacuum atmosphere subsequent to said activation but prior to use.
Abstract:
Regenerable gas purifier materials are provided capable of reducing the level of contaminants such as oxygen and water in an inert, nonreactive or reactive gas stream to parts-per-billion levels or sub-parts-per-billion levels. The purifier materials of this invention comprise a thin layer of one or more reduced forms of a metal oxide coated on the surface of a nonreactive substrate. The thin layer may further contain the completely reduced form of the metal.
Abstract:
Gas purifier system containing a preconditioned ultra-low emission (P-ULE) carbon for reducing trace impurities such as organic compounds and carbon monoxide in reactive fluids such as ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and chlorine to sub-ppb levels. P-ULE is capable of removing impurities from a reactive fluid down to parts-per-billion (ppb) and sub-ppb levels without concurrently emitting other impurities such as moisture or carbon dioxide into the purified reactive fluid. The P-ULE carbon is prepared by heating a carbon material to temperatures between about 300° C. to 800° C. in an ultra-dry, inert gas stream, to produce an ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material, subjecting the ULE carbon to a second activation process under a reactive gas atmosphere to produce a P-ULE carbon and storing the P-ULE carbon in an environment that minimizes contamination of the P-ULE prior to its use in a gas purifier system.
Abstract:
A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a particulate synthetic zeolite incorporating a transition metal catalyst reduced in situ by a preselected vaporous reductant metal, the method of catalytic manufacture and use.
Abstract:
This invention is generally related to the field of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. In particular, the present invention is related to a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and method of making same. More particularly, the present invention discloses a catalyst comprising a support and at least one catalytically active metal wherein the support comprises a transition alumina including theta-alumina, delta-alumina, or combinations thereof, and a surface coverage comprising at least one rare-earth oxide.
Abstract:
This invention is generally related to the field of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. In particular, the present invention is related to a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and method of making same. More particularly, the present invention discloses a catalyst comprising a support and at least one catalytically active metal wherein the support comprises a transition alumina including theta-alumina, delta-alumina, or combinations thereof, and a surface coverage comprising at least one rare-earth oxide.
Abstract:
Trace impurities such as organic compounds and carbon monoxide are reduced to sub-ppb levels in gases such as nitrogen, helium and argon, by gas purifying systems that contain an ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material. Ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon materials can be made from commercially available carbon materials in the form of pellets, extrudates and beads and is capable of removing impurities from a gas stream down to parts-per-billion (ppb) and sub-ppb levels without concurrently emitting other impurities such as moisture or carbon dioxide to the purified gas stream. The carbon material is superactivated by heating the carbon to temperatures from 300° to about 800° degrees C. in an ultra-dry, inert gas stream. The ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material is handled and stored in an environment that minimizes contamination from moisture and other oxygenated species in order to maintain its ppb and sub-ppb impurity removal and low emission properties. The ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material can be used as “stand-alone” purifier material or in combination with other scavenging materials that are capable of removing large quantities of impurities such as oxygen and moisture that are not removed or only marginally removed by the ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material.
Abstract:
A method for removing trace moisture from a gas is disclosed. The method involves heating a zeolite having a high silica-to-alumina ratio to about 400.degree. C. to remove physically absorbed water from the zeolite, followed by heating the zeolite to a temperature in excess of 650.degree. C., to form a superheated zeolite. Heating to temperatures of 650.degree. C. or above is believed to cause dehydroxylation of the zeolite. A method for the preparation of a dehydroxylated zeolite is also disclosed. The superheated zeolite is contacted with the gas, thereby adsorbing water from the gas. A dehydroxylated zeolite for removing trace moisture from a gas wherein the zeolite has a high silica-to-alumina ratio and a low level of metallic impurities is also disclosed. The zeolite and methods of the invention are particularly useful for removing trace water from acid gases such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide.
Abstract:
A method of activating an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by introducing an inert gas into a reactor comprising a slurry of the catalyst at a first temperature, increasing the reactor temperature from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first ramp rate, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from about 150° C. to 250° C., introducing synthesis gas having a ratio of H2:CO to the reactor at a space velocity, and increasing the reactor temperature from the second temperature to a third temperature at a second ramp rate, wherein the third temperature is in the range of from about 270° C. to 300° C. The iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst may be a precipitated unsupported iron catalyst, production of which is also provided.