摘要:
A method for oil-based fuel dispersion in the form of micron and submicron Droplets with typical size distribution 0.5-20 microns where said Droplets are coated with a polymer-based shell containing metal nanoparticles that enable the droplets to absorb laser irradiation and utilize laser energy to initialize fuel burning. These encapsulated fuel Droplets are used primarily within engines to increase the power, efficiency, and stability of the engine.
摘要:
A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.
摘要:
A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.
摘要:
Slurry fuels and associated methods are disclosed herein. One aspect of the invention is directed toward a slurry fuel that includes a liquid hydrocarbon based fuel suitable for use in an air-breathing power plant, metallic particles (e.g., boron), and a fluoropolymer (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene). In selected embodiments the slurry fuel can further include a surfactant (e.g., polyolefin amide alkeneamine and/or Product NB463S84 produced by GE Betz, Inc.). Other aspects of the invention are directed toward a slurry fuel that includes a liquid hydrocarbon based fuel, metallic particles, and a surfactant having a composition that lowers the surface tension of the liquid hydrocarbon based fuel and reduces the tendency for the metallic particles to separate from the liquid hydrocarbon based fuel.
摘要:
A fuel catalyst for improving combustion efficiency is provided that includes at least one hydride producing element, and at least one element of greater activity on the electrolytic scale than the hydride producing element and at least one element of lesser activity on the electrolytic scale than the hydride producing element. The hydride producing element preferably includes an element from at least one of a Group IV and Group V of the periodic table. The element of greater activity and the element of lesser activity preferably includes at least one of zinc, magnesium, aluminum, palladium, silver, copper and cerium. Preferred formulations of the catalyst element include: a) 20-60 %wt antimony, 10-30 %wt tin, 10-80 %wt zinc and 1-5 %wt silver; b) 40 %wt antimony, 18 %wt tin, 40 %wt zinc and 2 %wt silver; c) 20-60 %wt antimony, 10-30 %wt tin, 20-80 %wt magnesium, 1-8 %wt cerium and 0.1-1.0 %wt palladium; d) 40 %wt antimony, 25 %wt tin, 30 %wt magnesium, 4.8 %wt cerium and 0.2 %wt palladium; and e) 25 %wt antimony, 25 %wt tin, 39 %wt zinc and 11 %wt aluminum.
摘要:
Improved fuel compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01% to 30.0% by weight of fuel have improved burn rate and other valuable properties. Improved lubricant compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01 to 20.0% by weight of lubricant have improved viscosity and other valuable properties.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are provided for improving the conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter for treating exhaust gases produced from the combustion of a fuel to at least reduce pollutants from incomplete combustion, wherein the reduction in pollutants is achieved by the introduction of ozone, upstream from the catalytic converter, to improve the efficiency of the catalytic converter.
摘要:
A granular ceramic is prepared by firing a powder of a natural zeolite mineral, a pre-fired powder composed of shell fragments, a pre-fired powder of a silica-alumina mineral, and a copper oxide powder. When used as a fuel additive, the ceramic makes it possible to improve the combustion efficiency of hydrocarbon oils, especially of petroleum products such as gasoline, gas oil kerosene, and heavy oil, as well as to reduce CO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x emissions in exhaust gases discharged during combustion.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for reducing contaminants in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine are provided wherein the a light source is provided for producing radiant energy which converts oxygen in air inducted into the internal combustion engine to ozone. The ozone increases the efficiency of combustion of fuel by the internal combustion engine thereby reducing the amount of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, which comprises preparing an emulsion of water in diesel fuel which contains a catalytically effective amount of catalyst composition and a lubricity additive, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.