Abstract:
A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.
Abstract:
This invention provides a method for imparting invisible markings for identification purposes to petroleum hydrocarbons by incorporating one or more infrared fluorescing compounds therein. Certain infrared fluorophores from the classes of squaraines (derived from squaric acid), phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful in providing invisibly marked petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, lubricating oils, waxes, gas oil (furnace oil), diesel oil, kerosene and in particular gasoline. The near infrared fluorophores are added to the hydrocarbons at extremely low levels and are detected by exposing the marked hydrocarbon compositions to near infrared radiation having a wavelength in the 670-850 nm range and then detecting the emitted fluorescent light via near infrared light detection means.
Abstract:
Compositions comprisinga) a functional liquid or an internal combustion engine fuel andb) at least one compound of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2 --X).sub.n R, where X=--S-- or --O--, n=0 or 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or R.sub.1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by at least one OH group, or R.sub.1 is a ##STR2## group in which the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are --H or, independently of R.sub.1, have the same meanings as R.sub.1, and M is B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb or Bi, or M is a group M'--R' or a group M'--OR", where M' is Ti, Zr or Sn, and R' and R" is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or R' is ##STR3## wherein M' is defined above, and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or R" is Li, Na or K or is ##STR4## wherein M' is as defined above and M" is Mg, Ca, B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb, Bi, Zn, Ti, Ni or Cu, q has the valence of M", and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the respective meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R, or M is --VO.The compounds of formula act, for example, in lubricants as antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives, and also as stabilizers for natural or regenerated polymers.
Abstract:
Compositions comprisinga) a functional liquid or an internal combustion engine fuel andb) at least one compound of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2 --X).sub.n --R, where X.dbd.--S-- or --O--, n=0 or 1 and R is an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or R.sub.1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by at least one OH group, or R.sub.1 is a ##STR2## group in which the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are --H or, independently of R.sub.1, have the same meanings as R.sub.1, and M is B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb or Bi, or M is a group M'--R' or a group M'--OR", where M' is Ti, Zr or Sn, and R' and R" is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or R' is ##STR3## wherein M' is as defined above, and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or R" is Li, Na or K or is ##STR4## wherein M' is as defined above and M" is Mg, Ca, B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb, Bi, Zn, Ti, Ni or Cu, q has the valence of M", and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the respective meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R, or M is --VO. The compounds of formula act, for example, in lubricants as antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives, and also as stabilisers for natural or regenerated polymers.
Abstract:
Compositions comprisinga) a functional liquid or an internal combustion engine fuel andb) at least one compound of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2 --X).sub.n --R, where X=--S-- or --O--, n=0 or 1 and R is an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group which is substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or R.sub.1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by at least one OH group, or R.sub.1 is a ##STR2## group in which the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are --H or, independently of R.sub.1, have the same meanings as R.sub.1, and M is B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb or Bi, or M is a group M'--R' or a group M'--OR", where M' is Ti, Zr or Sn, and R' and R" is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or R' is ##STR3## wherein M' is as defined above, and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or R" is Li, Na or K or is ##STR4## wherein M' is as defined above and M" is Mg, Ca, B, Al, Fe, Cr, Sb, Bi, Zn, Ti, Ni or Cu, q has the valence of M", and R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' have the respective meanings of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R, or M is --VO. The compounds of formula act, for example, in lubricants as antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives, and also as stablisers for natural or regenerated polymers.