公开(公告)号：US06701036B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US09811843

申请日：2001-03-19

Applicant: James Castracane

Inventor： James Castracane

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: G02B6/3588 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  G02B2006/12104 ,  G02B2006/12123 ,  G02B2006/12138 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039

Abstract: An optical switch for redirecting an optical signal includes a plurality of spaced-apart mirrors disposed in an array for detecting and reflecting one or more optical signals. The mirrors include a reflective member and a sensor. Desirably, the optical signal is detected by the sensor and used for triggering drive means for orientating the mirrors in the array for redirecting the optical signal.

Abstract translation: 用于重定向光信号的光开关包括多个间隔开的反射镜，其设置在阵列中，用于检测和反射一个或多个光信号。 镜子包括反射构件和传感器。 期望的是，光信号由传感器检测并用于触发用于定向阵列中的反射镜的驱动装置以重定向光信号。

公开(公告)号：US6069352A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US149691

申请日：1998-09-08

Applicant: James Castracane ,  Mikhail A. Gutin ,  Lawrence P. Clow, Jr.

Inventor： James Castracane ,  Mikhail A. Gutin ,  Lawrence P. Clow, Jr.

IPC: H01J29/89 ,  H01J29/98 ,  H04N5/238 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J29/89 ,  H01J29/98 ,  H04N5/238 ,  H01J2231/50

Abstract: An improved intensity control system for an intensified imaging system allows continuous viewing through an intensified imaging system while protecting saturated areas from the negative effects of overexposure. A micromirror array (MMA) is used in conjunction with associated optics to control the intensity incident on the image intensifier. Control circuitry determines if pixel intensity is above or below the preset threshold level. If above, the corresponding elements of the MMA array will deflect the incident light in that specific area thereby eliminating saturation of the pixels. The rest of the image is maintained for continuous viewing. A continuous feedback loop monitors the intensity levels of pixels and actively controls the incident light using the MMA.

Abstract translation: 用于增强成像系统的改进的强度控制系统允许通过强化成像系统的连续观察，同时保护饱和区域免受过度曝光的负面影响。 微镜阵列（MMA）与相关光学器件结合使用以控制入射在图像增强器上的强度。 控制电路确定像素强度是否高于或低于预设阈值水平。 如果上述，MMA阵列的相应元件将偏转该特定区域中的入射光，从而消除像素的饱和。 图像的其余部分被维护以供连续观看。 连续反馈回路监测像素的强度水平，并使用MMA主动控制入射光。

公开(公告)号：US20060263922A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-23

申请号：US11410796

申请日：2006-04-25

Applicant: Igor Levitsky ,  William Euler ,  Natalya Tokranova ,  Bai Xu ,  James Castracane

Inventor： Igor Levitsky ,  William Euler ,  Natalya Tokranova ,  Bai Xu ,  James Castracane

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4213 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A method for forming a photovoltaic cell which includes forming a nanostructured layer in a semiconductor material having a plurality of pores opening onto a surface, the plurality of pores having a depth greater than about 1 micron and a diameter between about 5 nanometers and about 1,200 nanometers, and disposing an organic charge-transfer material in the pores of the nanostructured layer. A first electrode is attached to the semiconductor material, and a second electrode is attached to the organic charge-transfer material. The semiconductor material has a thickness between about 5 microns and about 700 microns. Desirably, the nanostructured layer has a porosity of less than the porosity corresponding to the percolation threshold, and the organic charge-transfer material extends at least about 100 nm from the surface of the nanostructured layer. The organic charge-transfer material may partially cover the sides of the pores of the nanostructured layer thereby providing a generally cylindrical cavity therein.

公开(公告)号：US5999319A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US69502

申请日：1998-04-29

Applicant: James Castracane

Inventor： James Castracane

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G02B6/34

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/0256 ,  G01J3/1804 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  G02B6/29314

Abstract: A reconfigurable compound diffraction grating is fabricated using microelectomechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The compound grating structure can be viewed as the superposition of two separately configured gratings. A common lower electrode is placed beneath selected beam elements, known as deflectable beams, to achieve the desired grating configuration (i.e. every other, every third, every fifth, etc.) of the beams in the primary grating. These deflectable beams alone comprise a secondary, lower resolution grating structure. The beam elements are linked to a common upper electrode. Voltage applied across the electrodes creates an electrostatic force that pulls the selected beams down toward the underlying electrode. Changing the vertical position of the selected beams with respect to the other stationary beams presents a different ruling spacing distribution to the incoming radiation. By changing this distribution, the diffracted power among individual diffraction orders of the wavelengths is altered. Controlling the diffracted signal in this way allows for specific diffraction passbands to be fixed on a particular detector or a particular area of a detector. Automated adjustments to the rulings can be very rapidly, which would significantly simplify and reduce the time necessary for complete spectral analysis previously achieved by mechanical movement of diffraction gratings.

Abstract translation: 使用微机电系统（MEMS）技术制造可重构复合衍射光栅。 复合光栅结构可以看作是两个单独配置的光栅的叠加。 公共的下电极被放置在被称为可偏转光束的所选光束元件下方，以实现初级光栅中的光束的期望的光栅配置（即，每隔一个，每三分之一，每五分之一等等）。 这些可偏转光束单独包括次级较低分辨率的光栅结构。 梁元件连接到共同的上电极。 施加在电极上的电压产生静电力，其将所选择的光束向下拉向底部电极。 相对于其他静止光束改变所选光束的垂直位置对入射辐射呈现不同的刻划间距分布。 通过改变这种分布，波长的各个衍射级之间的衍射功率被改变。 以这种方式控制衍射信号允许将特定的衍射通带固定在特定检测器或检测器的特定区域上。 对规则的自动调整可以非常快速，这将显着简化和减少以前通过衍射光栅的机械运动实现的完整光谱分析所需的时间。

公开(公告)号：US20060228823A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11101861

申请日：2005-04-08

Applicant: Bai Xu ,  Natalya Tokranova ,  James Castracane

Inventor： Bai Xu ,  Natalya Tokranova ,  James Castracane

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: B81C3/001 ,  B81B2201/0292 ,  B81C2203/031

Abstract: A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is anodically bonded to a glass substrate in a MEMS structure with or without electrically bypassing the insulator layer by electrically comprising the silicon layers. The insulator layer serves as an etch stop to create a well-defined, thin silicon membrane for a sensor. A second glass substrate is anodically bonded to the other side of the SOI substrate, and debonding of the existing anodic bond prevented by eliminating any potential drop across the existing bonded surface.

公开(公告)号：US20050095630A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10945563

申请日：2004-09-20

Applicant: Ben Szaro ,  James Castracane ,  Xiaojun Feng

Inventor： Ben Szaro ,  James Castracane ,  Xiaojun Feng

IPC: C12M1/34 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N33/543

CPC classification number: G01N33/5438 ,  B01J2219/00497 ,  B01J2219/00653 ,  B01J2219/00743

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor comprising living cells that express a chemosensor, or receptor, on their surface. When grown on a microarray comprising electrodes, the cells can be induced, by binding of a ligand to the receptor, to secrete a molecule. This secretion event is detected with millisecond temporal resolution via electrochemical oxidation of the secreted molecule on the electrode which is voltage-clamped slightly above its redox potential. The current so generated is indicative of the amount of the ligand bound to the receptor.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种生物传感器，其包括在其表面上表达化学传感器或受体的活细胞。 当在包含电极的微阵列上生长时，可以通过将配体结合到受体来诱导细胞以分泌分子。 这种分泌事件通过电压钳位略高于其氧化还原电位的电极上的分泌分子的电化学氧化以毫秒的时间分辨率来检测。 如此产生的电流指示与受体结合的配体的量。

公开(公告)号：US6078392A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-20

申请号：US873252

申请日：1997-06-11

Applicant: Clarence E. Thomas ,  Larry R. Baylor ,  Gregory R. Hanson ,  David A. Rasmussen ,  Edgar Voelkl ,  James Castracane ,  Michelle Simkulet ,  Lawrence Clow

Inventor： Clarence E. Thomas ,  Larry R. Baylor ,  Gregory R. Hanson ,  David A. Rasmussen ,  Edgar Voelkl ,  James Castracane ,  Michelle Simkulet ,  Lawrence Clow

IPC: G03H1/02 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G03H1/08 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G03H1/0443 ,  G03H1/0866 ,  G03H1/0891 ,  G03H1/0406 ,  G03H1/2249 ,  G03H1/2294 ,  G03H2001/0033 ,  G03H2001/005 ,  G03H2001/0088 ,  G03H2001/0456 ,  G03H2001/2263 ,  G03H2210/30 ,  G03H2222/18 ,  G03H2226/11

Abstract: Systems and methods for direct-to-digital holography are described. An apparatus includes a laser; a beamsplitter optically coupled to the laser; a reference beam mirror optically coupled to the beamsplitter; an object optically coupled to the beamsplitter, a focusing lens optically coupled to both the reference beam mirror and the object; and a digital recorder optically coupled to the focusing lens. A reference beam is incident upon the reference beam mirror at a non-normal angle, and the reference beam and an object beam are focused by the focusing lens at a focal plane of the digital recorder to form an image. The systems and methods provide advantages in that computer assisted holographic measurements can be made.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于直接数字全息术的系统和方法。 一种装置包括一激光器; 与激光光学耦合的分束器; 光束耦合到分束器的参考光束镜; 光学耦合到分束器的物体，光学耦合到参考光束镜和物体的聚焦透镜; 以及光学耦合到聚焦透镜的数字记录器。 参考光束以非正常角度入射到参考光束镜上，并且参考光束和物体光束被聚焦透镜聚焦在数字记录器的焦平面处以形成图像。 该系统和方法提供了可以进行计算机辅助全息测量的优点。

公开(公告)号：US20120322685A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

申请号：US13574831

申请日：2011-01-14

Applicant: John S. Condeelis ,  James Castracane

Inventor： John S. Condeelis ,  James Castracane

IPC: C12Q1/24 ,  C40B30/04 ,  G01N33/574

CPC classification number: G01N33/5029 ,  A61B10/02 ,  G01N33/5091

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of isolating motile cells from an animal tissue, the method comprising implanting in the animal tissue a cell trap comprising a chamber with an inlet for ingress of motile cells and a porous matrix located in the chamber comprising a chemotactic factor, for a time sufficient for the motile cells to migrate into the cell trap; removing the implanted cell trap; and retrieving the motile cells from the cell trap.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种从动物组织中分离运动细胞的方法，所述方法包括在动物组织中植入细胞捕获器，该细胞捕获器包括具有用于进入运动细胞的入口的腔室和位于所述腔室中的包含趋化因子的多孔基质， 足够的时间让运动细胞迁移到细胞陷阱中; 去除植入的细胞阱; 以及从细胞捕获器检索运动细胞。

公开(公告)号：US06421179B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09455093

申请日：1999-12-06

Applicant: Mikhail A. Gutin ,  James Castracane

Inventor： Mikhail A. Gutin ,  James Castracane

IPC: G02B518

CPC classification number: G02B6/2931 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/0256 ,  G01J3/1804 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  G02B6/29313 ,  G02B6/29314 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B26/0808

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a wavelength division multiplexer and/or a dense wavelength division multiplexer (WDM/DWDM) by incorporating an electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating. The introduction of the electronically reconfigurable diffraction grating, which is typically fabricated using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology, improves the compact design, durability, and dynamic functionality of the WDM/DWDM system.

Abstract translation: 本发明通过结合电子可重构衍射光栅来提供波分复用器和/或密集波分多路复用器（WDM / DWDM）的改进。 通常使用MEMS（微机电系统）技术制造的电子可重构衍射光栅的引入改善了WDM / DWDM系统的紧凑设计，耐用性和动态功能。

公开(公告)号：US07776794B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-17

申请号：US10945563

申请日：2004-09-20

Applicant: Ben G. Szaro ,  James Castracane ,  Xiaojun Feng

Inventor： Ben G. Szaro ,  James Castracane ,  Xiaojun Feng

IPC: C40B30/06 ,  C40B40/02 ,  C12N5/00 ,  C12N5/02

CPC classification number: G01N33/5438 ,  B01J2219/00497 ,  B01J2219/00653 ,  B01J2219/00743

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor comprising living cells that express a chemosensor, or receptor, on their surface. When grown on a microarray comprising electrodes, the cells can be induced, by binding of a ligand to the receptor, to secrete a molecule. This secretion event is detected with millisecond temporal resolution via electrochemical oxidation of the secreted molecule on the electrode which is voltage-clamped slightly above its redox potential. The current so generated is indicative of the amount of the ligand bound to the receptor.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种生物传感器，其包括在其表面上表达化学传感器或受体的活细胞。 当在包含电极的微阵列上生长时，可以通过将配体结合到受体来诱导细胞以分泌分子。 这种分泌事件通过电压钳位略高于其氧化还原电位的电极上的分泌分子的电化学氧化以毫秒的时间分辨率来检测。 如此产生的电流指示与受体结合的配体的量。