摘要:
An apparatus and a method for producing carbon, oxygen and optionally nitrogen from treated flue gases are provided. The apparatus provides a thermo-dielectric-electric field that splits molecules of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into carbon and oxygen and nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. The carbon is recovered in a variety of solid forms, and oxygen and nitrogen are recovered as gases.
摘要:
A two-step thermochemical gas reduction process based on poly-cation oxides includes repeatedly cycling a thermal reduction step and a gas reduction step. In the thermal reduction the poly-cation oxide is heated to produce a reduced poly-cation oxide and oxygen. In the gas reduction step, the reduced poly-cation oxide is reacted with a gas to reduce the gas, while reoxidizing the poly-cation oxide. The poly-cation oxide has at least two distinct crystal structures at two distinct temperatures and is capable of undergoing a reversible phase transformation between the two distinct crystal structures. For example, the poly-cation oxide may be an entropy tuned mixed metal oxide, such as an entropy stabilized mixed metal oxide, where the entropy-tuning is achieved via change in crystal structure of one of more of the compounds involved. The gas reduction process may be used for water splitting, CO2 splitting, NOx reduction, and other gas reduction processes.
摘要:
There is disclosed a system including a catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to carry out exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species possessing positive heats of formation. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface. The catalytic heat exchanger is configured to receive N2O and create N2 and O2. A torch is created by fuel together with the hot N2 and the O2. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to, after an initial period of time, to allow a rapid transfer of products of the decomposition reaction into an engine. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface, and the catalytic heat exchanger reactor is configured to promote the atomization and vaporization of liquid and gelled fuels with gas. Other embodiments are also disclosed.
摘要:
A process of and system for sequestering carbon (CO2) produced in coal and gas burning hydrogen production plants, resulting in the production of hydrogen at current market prices or less without carbon emission.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a solid, porous material, suitable for generating nitrogen gas, said material having a porosity of 20 to 75 vol. %, and a composition comprising, based on the weight of the material of 60 to 90 wt. % of sodium azide, 0.1 to 20 wt. % of an inert chemical coolant based on at least one inorganic salt having a heat capacity of at least 1400 J/K/kg, 0.1 to 20 wt. % of modifying agent selected from metal oxides and metal carbonates, and a binder, selected from the group consisting of at least one alkali metal silicate, preferably waterglass, or a poly-tetrazole, in an amount of between 3 and 15 wt. %.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种适用于产生氮气的固体多孔材料,所述材料具有20至75体积的孔隙率。 %,以及组合物,其包含基于所述材料的重量为60至90wt。 叠氮化钠的百分比,0.1〜20重量% 基于至少一种热容量为至少1400J / K / kg,0.1至20wt。%的无机盐的惰性化学制冷剂的% %的选自金属氧化物和金属碳酸盐的改性剂,和选自至少一种碱金属硅酸盐,优选水玻璃或聚四唑的粘合剂,其量为3至15重量%。 %。
摘要:
A method and apparatus for generating energy from a composition comprising urea and water are described. The method in one embodiment includes: (a) reacting the urea with water to form ammonia; and (b) oxidizing the ammonia formed in step (a) to form water and nitrogen generating energy. The apparatus in one embodiment contains: (a) a first container for providing the composition; (b) a second container for reacting the urea with water to form ammonia, wherein the second container is connected to the first container by means for delivering the composition from the first container to the second container; (c) a third container for providing ammonia, wherein the third container is connected to the second container by means for delivering ammonia from the third container to the second container; and (d) a fourth container for oxidizing ammonia to form water and nitrogen generating energy, wherein the fourth container is connected to the second container by means for delivering ammonia from the second container to the fourth container. The method and apparatus are used to generate energy for use in stationary and mobile applications.
摘要:
Process for cleaning a gas containing sulphur dioxide and nitrogen monoxide, in which a quantity of oxygen is employed in the gas which is at least equal to the stoichiometric quantity required to oxidize the nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and the gas is treated with an alkali metal bicarbonate. The process applies to the cleaning of fumes generated by the combustion of sulphur-containing fossil fuels, in electricity-producing power stations.
摘要:
There is provided a catalytic method for converting nitrogen oxides to nitrogen (i.e., N.sub.2). The catalyst for this method comprises an acidic solid component comprising a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. An example of this catalyst is zirconia, modified with tungstate. This method may be used for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides from waste gases, including industrial exhaust gases and automobile exhaust gases. In a particular embodiment, nitrogen oxides in waste gases may be reacted with ammonia before the waste gases are discharged to the atmosphere.
摘要:
Commercially viable processes of the SCR type for converting nitrogen oxides to nitrogen with ammonia: (a) in the presence of an iron, cobalt, nickel, or other transition metal sulfate with Bronsted activity; (b) at a temperature of not more than 250.degree. C.; and (c) preferably in a dry environment if room or near room temperatures are employed. The process may be used to eliminate nitrogen oxides from flue gases, other exhaust gases, and the like and in other applications in which the reduction of a nitrogen oxide is wanted. Excess ammonia and/or sulfur dioxide may be maintained in the reaction mixture to promote process efficiency. The catalysts have appreciable Bronsted activity even at ambient temperatures and are capable of effecting NO.sub.x conversions with efficiencies of at least 50 percent in even demanding applications at temperatures below the 250.degree. C. maximum. They can be unsupported or supported on a porous support. If of the latter type, the catalyst can be prepared by impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of a selected transition metal salt and then drying the impregnated support. Also, if the salt is not a sulfate, the salt is calcined and the resulting oxide reacted with a compound such as sulfur dioxide to generate the sulfate.
摘要:
A method for production of nitrogen for application at high pressure, preferably for pressure injection in submarine or substerranean oil or natural gas wells, by combination of natural gas in air, which is compressed prior to the combustion, for binding of the oxygen content of the air in carbon dioxide to be removed from the flue gas by absorption, whereas the remaining nitrogen is pressurized to a predetermined high pressure suitable for such application.