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    Measurement of chloride content in catalysts
    1.
    发明授权
    Measurement of chloride content in catalysts 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11499930B2

    公开(公告)日：2022-11-15

    申请号：US16522014

    申请日：2019-07-25

    申请人： SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY

    发明人： Esam M. Hawsah

    IPC分类号： B01J21/04 ,  G01N27/06 ,  B01J21/20 ,  B01J38/02 ,  B01J38/52 ,  B01J38/56 ,  G01N31/16

    摘要： Embodiments provide a method for determining a chloride content of an alumina-based catalyst used for catalytic reforming. The method includes the step of combining nitric acid, isopropanol, and the alumina-based catalyst such that the alumina-based catalyst is dissolved in the nitric acid and the isopropanol to form a homogenized mixture. The alumina-based catalyst include chloride. The method includes the step of taking a conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture using a pair of electrodes. The method includes the step of introducing a titrant solution comprising silver nitrate to the homogenized mixture such that a precipitate of silver chloride is formed. The method includes the step of determining a chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture based on the conductivity measurement of the homogenized mixture. The method includes the step of determining the chloride content of the alumina-based catalyst based on the chloride concentration of the homogenized mixture.

    Mitigation of plugging in hydroprocessing reactors
    5.
    发明授权
    Mitigation of plugging in hydroprocessing reactors 有权
    减少加氢处理反应堆的堵塞

    公开(公告)号：US09333497B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-05-10

    申请号：US14192995

    申请日：2014-02-28

    申请人： Teh C. Ho ,  Krishnan Kumaran ,  Richard C. Dougherty

    发明人： Teh C. Ho ,  Krishnan Kumaran ,  Richard C. Dougherty

    IPC分类号： B01J38/56 ,  G05B23/02 ,  B01J8/02 ,  C10G49/00 ,  C10G75/00 ,  C10G75/04

    CPC分类号： B01J38/56 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/00539 ,  B01J2208/00707 ,  B01J2219/00211 ,  B01J2219/00213 ,  B01J2219/00231 ,  C10G49/002 ,  C10G75/00 ,  C10G75/04 ,  G05B23/0254

    摘要： The behavior of a monitored condition over time for a reactor or reaction system can be analyzed using groupings or windows of data to identify anomalous features in the time-average values. Anomalous features can be identified based on a threshold value generated from the analysis. Based on identification of an anomalous feature, a corrective action can be taken. For example, when the monitored condition is the pressure drop across a catalyst bed, detection of an anomaly can indicate the time to initiate a wash process for the catalyst bed before a large drop in catalyst activity occurs. By detecting an anomaly at an earlier point in time, a wash cycle can be initiated earlier so that the wash is more effective at restoring the catalyst bed to a desired condition.

    摘要翻译： 可以使用数据分组或窗口来分析反应堆或反应系统的监测条件随时间的行为，以识别时间平均值中的异常特征。 可以基于从分析生成的阈值来识别异常特征。 基于异常特征的识别，可采取纠正措施。 例如，当监测条件是催化剂床上的压降时，异常的检测可以指示在催化剂活性发生大的下降之前催化剂床的启动洗涤过程的时间。 通过在较早的时间点检测异常，可以更早地启动洗涤循环，使得洗涤在将催化剂床恢复到所需条件下更有效。

    PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CARBONATES OR ORGANIC CARBAMATES AND SOLID CATALYSTS THEREFORE
    7.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CARBONATES OR ORGANIC CARBAMATES AND SOLID CATALYSTS THEREFORE 有权
    连续生产有机碳酸盐或有机碳酸盐和固体催化剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090203933A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-08-13

    申请号：US12029283

    申请日：2008-02-11

    申请人： J. Yong Ryu

    发明人： J. Yong Ryu

    IPC分类号： C07C69/96 ,  B01J38/48 ,  B01J38/56

    CPC分类号： C07C68/06 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01J31/04 ,  B01J31/38 ,  B01J37/0203 ,  B01J37/0209 ,  B01J37/06 ,  B01J38/485 ,  B01J38/56 ,  B01J2531/46 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C07C68/00 ,  C07C68/065 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  C07C69/52 ,  C07C69/24 ,  C07C69/96

    摘要： Processes for the alcoholysis, inclusive of transesterification and/or disproportionation, of reactants are disclosed. The alcoholysis process may include feeding reactants and a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound to a reactor comprising a solid alcoholysis catalyst, wherein the soluble organometallic compound and the solid alcoholysis catalyst each independently comprise a Group II to Group VI element, which may be the same element in various embodiments. As an example, diphenyl carbonate may be continuously produced by performing transesterification over a solid catalyst followed by disproportionation, where a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound is fed to the transesterification reactor. Also disclosed is a process for reactivating a spent solid alcoholysis catalyst, such as a catalyst useful for transesterifications and/or disproportionations, the process including removing polymeric materials deposited on the catalyst and re-depositing catalytically active metals on the solid catalyst.

    摘要翻译： 公开了醇解的方法，包括酯交​​换和/或歧化反应。 醇解方法可以包括将反应物和微量的可溶性有机金属化合物加入到包含固体醇解催化剂的反应器中，其中可溶性有机金属化合物和固体醇解催化剂各自独立地包含第II至第VI族元素，其可以相同 元件。 作为实例，可以通过在固体催化剂上进行酯交换，然后进行歧化，连续生产碳酸二苯酯，其中将微量的可溶性有机金属化合物加入到酯交换反应器中。 还公开了一种用于再利用废固体醇解催化剂的方法，例如可用于酯交换和/或歧化的催化剂，该方法包括除去沉积在催化剂上的聚合物材料，并将催化活性金属重新沉积在固体催化剂上。

    Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems modified during their preparation
    10.
    发明授权
    Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems modified during their preparation 失效
    齐格勒 - 纳塔催化剂体系在制备过程中改进

    公开(公告)号：US6107231A

    公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

    申请号：US928526

    申请日：1997-09-12

    申请人： Stephan Huffer ,  Ulrich Moll ,  Peter Kolle ,  Roland Hingmann

    发明人： Stephan Huffer ,  Ulrich Moll ,  Peter Kolle ,  Roland Hingmann

    IPC分类号： C08F4/642 ,  C08F4/646 ,  C08F4/654 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F110/06 ,  B01J38/56

    CPC分类号： C08F10/00 ,  C08F110/06

    摘要： In catalyst systems of the Ziegler-Natta type comprising as active constituentsa) a titanium-containing solid component which is obtained by reacting a compound of titanium with a compound of magnesium, a halogen, an inorganic oxide as support, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkanol and a carboxylic ester as electron donor compound,and also as cocatalyst,b) an aluminum compound andc) if desired, a further electron donor compound,the reaction of the individual components for preparing the titanium-containing solid component a) is carried out in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon as solvent.

    摘要翻译： 在包含作为活性成分的齐格勒 - 纳塔型催化剂体系中，a）通过使钛化合物与镁，卤素，作为载体的无机氧化物，C1-C8- 链烷醇和羧酸酯作为电子给体化合物，以及作为助催化剂，b）铝化合物和c）如果需要，还可以进一步施加电子给体化合物，用于制备含钛固体组分a）的各组分的反应 在芳族烃作为溶剂的存在下。