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公开(公告)号：US5821545A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US729395
申请日：1996-10-11
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
CPC分类号： G01Q30/10 , H01J2237/2001 , H01J2237/2818 , Y10S977/871
摘要： A heater for use in heating a sample stage of a microscope such as a scanning probe microscope is bonded to a sample stage which sits on a tube of a ceramic thermal insulator which is, in turn, mounted within or part of a tube of the same material. This re-entrant design provides an increased thermal path over straight line distances between the heater and the support structure for the sample stage and thus provides excellent thermal insulation, while also maximizing the thermal stability of the system.
摘要翻译： 用于加热诸如扫描探针显微镜的显微镜的样品台的加热器被结合到位于陶瓷绝热体的管上的样品台上，陶瓷绝热体又安装在其中的管或其一部分中 材料。 这种重新设计的设计提供了加热器和样品台的支撑结构之间的直线距离上的增加的热路径，因此提供了优异的隔热性，同时也使系统的热稳定性最大化。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5654546A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-05
申请号：US551836
申请日：1995-11-07
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay
CPC分类号： G01Q30/10 , B82Y35/00 , H01J2237/2001 , H01J2237/2818 , Y10S977/871
摘要： A compact Peltier Device is used to heat or cool a small sample stage of a scanning probe (AFM or STM) microscope. The entire heating/cooling system may fit onto a small platen which may be suspended below the scanning probe where it may be held in place against magnetic balls. Alternatively, the sample stage may be supported by a Peltier Device, itself supported by a scanner such as a Piezoelectric scanner with a scanning probe tip held fixedly above the sample stage. The side of the Peltier Device in contact with the platen is cooled (or heated) by a small flow of water through a heat exchanger. The reservoir of water is held at ambient temperature, minimizing the temperature gradient generated between the sample platen and the main body of the microscope. The small mass of the sample stage results in rapid heating or cooling so that an equilibrium is attained rapidly. Heat transfer through the scanning tip is negligible. Condensation and contamination of the sample is prevented by operating the entire sample chamber in an inert gas environment. The inert gas is also at ambient temperature. Water and other contaminants are first removed from the gas by passing it over cold baffles. It is then equilibrated back up to ambient temperature in a heat exchanger.
摘要翻译： 使用紧凑型珀尔帖装置来加热或冷却扫描探针（AFM或STM）显微镜的小样品台。 整个加热/冷却系统可以装配在可以悬挂在扫描探针下方的小压板上，在该压板上可以将其保持在适当的位置以防止磁珠。 或者，样品台可以由珀尔帖装置支撑，珀尔帖装置本身由诸如压电扫描仪的扫描仪支撑，扫描探针尖端固定在样品台上方。 与压板接触的珀耳帖装置的侧面通过热交换器被小量的水冷却（或加热）。 水的储存器保持在环境温度，使样品台板和显微镜主体之间产生的温度梯度最小化。 样品台的小质量导致快速加热或冷却，从而快速获得平衡。 通过扫描尖端的热传递可以忽略不计。 通过在惰性气体环境中操作整个样品室来防止样品的冷凝和污染。 惰性气体也处于环境温度。 首先将水和其他污染物通过冷气挡板从气体中排出。 然后将其在热交换器中平衡回到环境温度。
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公开(公告)号：US5630932A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-20
申请号：US524054
申请日：1995-09-06
CPC分类号： G01Q70/16 , B82Y35/00 , Y10S977/875 , Y10S977/881 , Y10S977/891
摘要： A tip and substrate preparation system for use with scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) includes a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip maker, STM tip coater, a substrate treatment method for producing clean, flat gold substrates for STM use and methods for preparing chemically activated substrates for use with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The tip maker includes a coater and an etcher which are preferably controlled by electronic controllers. The etcher provides fully automatic tip etching in a two-stage process in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, permitting platinum alloys to be etched without the use of cyanide-containing chemicals. The coater is used to insulate the tips with soft polymer coatings so as to ensure very low tip leakage current (on the order of about 1 pA typical). The substrate treatment device comprises a quartz plate and a quartz torch for annealing substrates in a hydrogen flame. The chemically activated substrates for atomic force microscopy permit the surface of mica to be modified at will so as to be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positively or negatively charged.
摘要翻译： 用于扫描探针显微镜（SPM）的尖端和底物制备系统包括扫描隧道显微镜（STM）尖端制造器，STM尖端涂布机，用于制造用于STM的清洁的平坦金基底的基底处理方法和用于制备化学活化的方法 用于原子力显微镜（AFM）的底物。 尖端制造器包括优选由电子控制器控制的涂布机和蚀刻机。 蚀刻器在氢氧化钠（NaOH）溶液中在两步法中提供全自动尖端蚀刻，允许在不使用含氰化合物的情况下对铂合金进行蚀刻。 涂层机用于将尖端与柔性聚合物涂层绝缘，以确保极低的尖端泄漏电流（典型值约为1 pA）。 基板处理装置包括用于在氢火焰中退火基板的石英板和石英手电筒。 用于原子力显微镜的化学活化的底物允许云母的表面随意改性，以便是疏水性的，亲水的，带正电荷或带负电荷的。
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公开(公告)号：US6121611A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US82095
申请日：1998-05-20
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
CPC分类号： G01Q60/40 , B82Y35/00 , G01Q70/14 , Y10S977/865 , Y10S977/873
摘要： Force sensing probes for use in scanning probe microscopes and a method for coating such probes with a film comprising a magnetostrictive material are provided. The probes may be magnetized by placing them in a magnetic field which can be oriented in any direction with respect to the probes. The magnetostrictive effect leads to a compression or expansion of the magnetic film, altering its length by the strength of the applied field. This in turn causes the probe, which in a preferred embodiment is in the form of a cantilever, and the applied magnetic film, to deflect or bend. The consequent motion of the probe is much greater than that obtained by direct application of a magnetic force and the effect is not sensitive to the direction of the applied field.
摘要翻译： 提供用于扫描探针显微镜的力传感探针和用包含磁致伸缩材料的膜涂覆这种探针的方法。 可以通过将探针放置在可以相对于探针的任何方向定向的磁场中来磁化探针。 磁致伸缩效应导致磁膜的压缩或膨胀，通过施加磁场的强度改变其长度。 这又导致在优选实施例中是悬臂形式的探针和所施加的磁性膜偏转或弯曲。 探头的随后的运动远远大于通过直接施加磁力获得的运动，并且该效果对所施加的磁场的方向不敏感。
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公开(公告)号：US5753814A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-19
申请号：US722344
申请日：1996-09-27
CPC分类号： G01Q10/06 , B82Y35/00 , G01Q30/14 , G01Q60/38 , Y10S977/865 , Y10S977/872
摘要： In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, the sensitivity of a magnetically modulated AC-AFM is substantially improved by the use of a ferrite-core solenoid for modulating the magnetic cantilever of the ACAFM. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, the detection system for a magnetically modulated AC-AFM incorporates AC coupling of the signal from the position sensitive detector/beam deflection detector in order to remove the DC component of the signal, resulting in significantly improved dynamic range over systems utilizing DC coupling. High frequency modulation signals are detected through the use of fast analog multipliers which, after active filtering, give a low frequency signal which may be processed by digital electronics. In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, operation of the microscope at small amplitudes of oscillation leaves small asperities on the tip intact and results in dramatic improvement in resolution.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的第一方面，通过使用用于调制ACAFM的磁悬臂的铁氧体磁芯螺线管，实质上改进了磁调制的AC-AFM的灵敏度。 根据本发明的第二方面，用于磁调制AC-AFM的检测系统结合来自位置敏感检测器/光束偏转检测器的信号的AC耦合，以便去除信号的DC分量，导致明显的 改善使用直流耦合的系统的动态范围。 通过使用快速模拟乘法器来检测高频调制信号，其在有源滤波之后给出可由数字电子器件处理的低频信号。 根据本发明的第三方面，显微镜在小振幅振幅下的操作使尖端的粗糙度不变，导致分辨率的显着提高。
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6.再颁专利Potentiostatic preparation of molecular adsorbates for scanning probe microscopy 失效用于扫描探针显微镜的分子吸附物的静电制备
公开(公告)号：USRE35317E
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US321649
申请日：1994-10-11
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay
CPC分类号： G01Q30/14 , B82Y35/00 , Y10S977/852
摘要： .[.A method of.]. .Iadd.An apparatus and method for .Iaddend.preparing molecular adsorbates for scanning probe microscopy by potentiostatic methods. Negatively charged molecules are deposited upon and held to a substrate with an electrochemical cell having a gold substrate, a platinum wire counter electrode and a silver wire reference electrode. The polymer to be observed is dissolved into a buffer solution which is non-reactive with the substrate which is gold (111).
摘要翻译： [一种方法]一种用于通过恒电位法制备用于扫描探针显微镜的分子吸附物质的装置和方法。 负电荷分子沉积在具有金基底，铂丝对电极和银线参比电极的电化学电池上并保持在基底上。 要观察的聚合物溶解在与金（111）的基材不反应的缓冲溶液中。
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7.发明授权Method of electrochemical detection/identification of single organic molecules using scanning tunneling microscopy 失效使用扫描隧道显微镜电化学检测/识别单一有机分子的方法
公开(公告)号：US5497000A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-05
申请号：US187028
申请日：1994-01-27
申请人： Nongjian Tao , Stuart M. Lindsay
发明人： Nongjian Tao , Stuart M. Lindsay
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01Q60/10 , H01J37/00
CPC分类号： G01Q60/60 , B82Y35/00 , Y10S977/853
摘要： A method of detecting/identifying organic molecules which have been mixed th an appropriate electrolyte to form an electrolytic solution is disclosed. The organic molecules to be detected/identified are adsorbed onto the surface of a conducting substrate, which is adjusted to an overall positive voltage potential within a range of E.sub.LOW and E.sub.HIGH. The voltage potential on the surface of the conducting substrate, and, accordingly, the adsorbed organic molecules, is adjusted until an electrochemically-induced change occurs. The voltage potential at which the change occurs is characteristic of the organic molecule, thus permitting detection/identification thereof. Because the contrast of photomicrographic images generated concurrently by an associated scanning tunneling microscope is remarkably sensitive to the changes in the foregoing voltage potentials, the electrochemical ability to detect/identify organic molecules is extended to a single molecule by the combination of electrochemical and scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, according to the present invention.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种检测/鉴定已经与合适的电解质混合形成电解液的有机分子的方法。 要检测/鉴定的有机分子被吸附到导电衬底的表面上，其被调整到ELOW和EHIGH范围内的总正电压电位。 导电衬底表面上的电压以及相应的吸附的有机分子被调节直到电化学诱发的变化发生。 发生变化的电压电位是有机分子的特征，因此允许其检测/鉴定。 由于相关扫描隧道显微镜同时产生的显微照片的对比度对上述电压电位的变化非常敏感，通过电化学扫描和扫描隧道显微镜的组合将检测/鉴定有机分子的电化学能力扩展到单个分子 技术，根据本发明。
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8.发明授权Potentiostatic preparation of molecular adsorbates for scanning probe microscopy 失效用于扫描探针显微镜的分子吸附物的静电制备
公开(公告)号：US5155361A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-13
申请号：US736095
申请日：1991-07-26
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay
CPC分类号： G01Q30/14 , B82Y35/00 , Y10S977/852
摘要： A method of preparing molecular adsorbates for scanning probe microscopy by potentiostatic methods. Negatively charged molecules are deposited upon and held to a substrate with an electrochemical cell having a gold substrate, a platinum wire counter electrode and a silver wire reference electrode. The polymer to be observed is dissolved into a buffer solution which is non-reactive with the substrate which is gold (111).
摘要翻译： 一种制备分子吸附物质的方法，用于通过恒电位法扫描探针显微镜。 负电荷分子沉积在具有金基底，铂丝对电极和银线参比电极的电化学电池上并保持在基底上。 将要观察的聚合物溶解在与金（111）的基材不反应的缓冲溶液中。
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公开(公告)号：US07687767B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-30
申请号：US10725769
申请日：2003-12-02
申请人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
发明人： Stuart M. Lindsay , Tianwei Jing
IPC分类号： G02B26/00
CPC分类号： G01Q10/04
摘要： A fast translation stage for a scanning probe microscope is provided. The stage includes at least one axis of translation driven at the natural resonant frequency of the translation stage such that distortion associated with rapid changes in scan direction is avoided. In one embodiment, the stage includes a sample plate or support that is driven, preferably by one or more piezoelectric actuator elements, so that the plate translates along the fast scan frequency at its resonant frequency.
摘要翻译： 提供扫描探针显微镜的快速平移阶段。 平台包括在平移台的固有共振频率下驱动的至少一个平移轴，从而避免与扫描方向的快速变化相关联的失真。 在一个实施例中，平台包括样品板或支撑件，其优选地由一个或多个压电致动器元件驱动，使得该板以其谐振频率沿快速扫描频率平移。
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公开(公告)号：US20080029992A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-07
申请号：US11461899
申请日：2006-08-02
IPC分类号： B62M1/14
摘要： Multi-speed fixed gear hub transmissions are provided for push rim wheelchairs. Push rim wheelchairs having such transmissions are also provided. The hub transmission generally includes a hub driver, a hub and a drive train, configured to transmit rotational force from the hub driver to the hub. In some implementations, the drive train transmits torque at each of at least three gear ratios, and defines at least three different torque transmission paths between the hub driver and the hub, each path defining a respective one of the gear ratios, and each of the transmission paths including only rigid bodies, each of the rigid bodies being configured to transmit torque in both forward and reverse rotational directions. In other implementations, the drive train transmits rotational force at each of at least two gear ratios.
摘要翻译： 为轮辋轮椅提供多速固定式轮毂传动装置。 还提供了具有这种变速器的推轮轮椅。 轮毂传动装置通常包括轮毂驱动器，轮毂和传动系，其构造成将轮毂驱动器的旋转力传递到轮毂。 在一些实施方案中，传动系以至少三个传动比中的每一个传递扭矩，并且在轮毂驱动器和轮毂之间限定至少三个不同的扭矩传递路径，每个路径限定相应的一个传动比，并且每个 传输路径仅包括刚性体，每个刚体构造成在前后方向上传递扭矩。 在其他实施方案中，传动系在至少两个传动比中的每一个处传递旋转力。
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