摘要:
A high-temperature lubricant for the hot processing of metals comprising a mixture of fine-powder materials. To provide a high-temperature lubricant having good trickle and flow characteristics for dissolving scale on heated metal surfaces, which applied in powder form permits good coverage of the metal surface and which even after prolonged storage under production conditions still has good trickle and flow characteristics without severe lump formation and which avoids the use of graphite, in accordance with the invention it is proposed that the mixture includes at least the following constituents (a) a secondary and/or tertiary calcium phosphate compound, (b) a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt, (c) boric acid, a boric acid salt (borate) and/or a mineral containing boric acid salt (borate), and (d) condensed alkali metal phosphates, and wherein the constituents of the mixture have a mean grain size of ≦150 μm and the lubricant does not contain any addition of graphite.
摘要:
A high-temperature lubricant for the hot processing of metals comprising a mixture of fine-powder materials. To provide a high-temperature lubricant having good trickle and flow characteristics for dissolving scale on heated metal surfaces, which applied in powder form permits good coverage of the metal surface and which even after prolonged storage under production conditions still has good trickle and flow characteristics without severe lump formation and which avoids the use of graphite, in accordance with the invention it is proposed that the mixture includes at least the following constituents (a) a secondary and/or tertiary calcium phosphate compound, (b) a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt, (c) boric acid, a boric acid salt (borate) and/or a mineral containing boric acid salt (borate), and (d) condensed alkali metal phosphates, and wherein the constituents of the mixture have a mean grain size of ≦150 μm and the lubricant does not contain any addition of graphite.
摘要:
The present invention concerns a high-temperature lubricant for the hot shaping of high-grade and carbon steels, which has a content of graphite, organic blowing agent and inorganic separation agent, and the use thereof. In order to provide a high-temperature lubricant which can be used for a wide range of steel qualities for different wall thicknesses to be rolled and stretching effects and which is moreover stable in respect of temperature, provides constant rolling results upon a change in the wall thickness and/or the quality of steel and does not lead to unwanted cementation of the rolled material,za the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention contains at least the following constituents in percent by weight with respect to the solids content: (a) 40 to 90% by weight graphite, (b) 2 to 50% by weight organic blowing agent, and (c) 5 to 50% by weight inorganic separation agent, wherein the organic blowing agent (b) is selected from the group consisting of melamine, melam, melem, melon, phosphate salts and polyphosphate salts of the aforesaid compounds with phosphate chain lengths in the region of n=1 to 1000, reaction products and adducts of the aforesaid compounds with cyanuric acid or isocyanuric acid, and mixtures of the aforesaid, and the inorganic separation agent (c) is a sheet silicate or a mixture of sheet silicates.
摘要:
The present invention concerns a high-temperature lubricant for the hot shaping of high-grade and carbon steels, which has a content of graphite, organic blowing agent and inorganic separation agent, and the use thereof. In order to provide a high-temperature lubricant which can be used for a wide range of steel qualities for different wall thicknesses to be rolled and stretching effects and which is moreover stable in respect of temperature, provides constant rolling results upon a change in the wall thickness and/or the quality of steel and does not lead to unwanted cementation of the rolled material, the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention contains at least the following constituents in percent by weight with respect to the solids content: (a) 40 to 90% by weight graphite, (b) 2 to 50% by weight organic blowing agent, and (c) 5 to 50% by weight inorganic separation agent, wherein the organic blowing agent (b) is selected from the group consisting of melamine, melam, melem, melon, phosphate salts and polyphosphate salts of the aforesaid compounds with phosphate chain lengths in the region of n=1 to 1000, reaction products and adducts of the aforesaid compounds with cyanuric acid or isocyanuric acid, and mixtures of the aforesaid, and the inorganic separation agent (c) is a sheet silicate or a mixture of sheet silicates.
摘要:
The Cognitive Process Workflow (CPW) method with its grammar, syntax and semantics is a process method, a process modeling method and a workflow method applicable to different technical systems. Among others also the application of the CPW Method in a process tool, workflow tool, workflow engine, enterprise architecture framework and enterprise architecture engine. The CPW Process is represented as simple sentence with a CPW Subject, a CPW Predicate and a CPW Object. The CPW Method—with CPW Process, CPW Dialog and CPW Workflow and in addition with CPW Context Diagrams (CPW Subject Context Diagram, CPW Object Context Diagram and CPW Subject Object Context Diagram)—can be applied to the business areas of financial services (banking, assurance and financial approval), chemistry, pharmacy, medicine, transport, travel, film industry, politics, psychology, legal practice and other business areas.
摘要:
A pump, in particular a sliding-vane pump, a roller cell pump, or a gear pump includes a rotating assembly, with, amongst other things, a rotor with radially-sliding vanes, rollers or gears and a drive shaft is provided. The rotor or a gearwheel is connected to the drive shaft by a toothing on the drive shaft and on the rotor or gearwheel for rotational drive.
摘要:
The mounting component (2) includes a module rack (4), on which components (6, 10) of a vehicle electrical system have been mounted beforehand, and is intended for installation in the motor vehicle (18) together with the previously mounted components (6, 10). At least one additional module of the vehicle electrical system (11) that extends beyond the spatial limit of the module rack (4) is connected by prior assembly with the components (6, 10) arranged on the module rack (4). The module rack (4) also serves as a self-contained transportation base for both the pre-assembled components (6, 10) and the additional electrical system module (11). This configuration enables a high degree of pre-assembly and thus also simplifies final assembly.
摘要:
A method of forming a laminate used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards, comprising the steps of applying a layer of chromium having a thickness from about 30 grams per square meter to about 160 grams per square meter to each side of a steel substrate having a thickness from about 0.10 mm to about 0.20 mm. Applying a layer of copper having a thickness from about 2 &mgr;m to about 70 &mgr;m to each of the chromium layers. Positioning the steel substrate between two dielectric layers with adhesive disposed between the copper layers and the dielectric layers. Applying heat and pressure to the layers to bond the copper layers to the dielectric layers. Separating the steel substrate from the copper layers, and discarding the steel substrate.
摘要:
This invention relates to an annealable electrodeposited copper foil having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free, said foil being characterized by a fatigue ductility of at least about 25% after being annealed at 177.degree. C. for 15 minutes. In one embodiment, the foil is annealed, said foil being characterized by a fatigue ductility of at least about 65%. The invention also relates to a process for making an electrodeposited copper foil using an electrolyte solution characterized by a critical concentration of chloride ions of up to about 5 ppm and organic additives of up to about 0.2 ppm.
摘要:
This invention relates to copper wire having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free. This invention also relates to a process for making copper wire comprising: cutting copper foil to form at least one strand of copper wire, said copper foil being an annealable electrodeposited copper foil having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free, said foil being characterized by a fatigue ductility of at least about 25% after being annealed at 177.degree. C. for 15 minutes; and shaping said strand of wire to provide said strand with desired cross-sectional shape and size. This invention also relates to a process for making copper wire comprising: flowing an aqueous electrolyte solution between an anode and a cathode and applying an effective amount of voltage across the anode and the cathode to deposit copper foil on the cathode, said electrolyte solution being characterized by a chloride ion concentration of up to about 5 ppm and an organic additive concentration of up to about 0.2 ppm; cutting said foil to form at least one strand of wire; and shaping said strand of wire to provide said strand with desired cross-sectional shape and size.