公开(公告)号：US5511083A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-23

申请号：US398206

申请日：1995-03-02

申请人： Francis X. D'Amato, deceased ,  Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

发明人： Francis X. D'Amato, deceased ,  Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

IPC分类号： H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06712

摘要： A polarized fiber laser source includes a fiber laser 10 comprising a pair of Bragg gratings 14,16 at opposite ends of a fiber laser cavity 18 which is doped with a rare-earth dopant so as to allow lasing to occur at a lasing wavelength .lambda..sub.L. A grating tap 26 is provided along a portion of the laser cavity 18 to couple-out a predetermined amount of light along one polarization, e.g., the "s" polarization", at the lasing wavelength .lambda..sub.L. This causes one polarization mode to experience more loss than the other, thereby allowing the fiber laser to lase only on the less lossy polarization mode and causing the laser output light 40 to be polarized only along such polarization.

摘要翻译： 偏振光纤激光源包括光纤激光器10，其包括在光纤激光器腔18的相对端处的一对布拉格光栅14,16，该布拉格光栅14,16掺杂有稀土掺杂剂，以便允许以激光波长λL发生激光 沿着激光腔18的一部分提供光栅丝锥26，以沿着激发波长λL的一个偏振（例如“s”极化）耦合预定量的光。这导致一个偏振模式 经历比另一个更多的损耗，从而允许光纤激光器仅在较小的有损偏振模式下发光，并且使激光输出光40仅沿着这种极化而极化。

公开(公告)号：US5564832A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US475124

申请日：1995-06-07

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

IPC分类号： G01K11/12 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/23 ,  G01N21/41 ,  H01S3/067 ,  G01K11/00 ,  G01L1/24

CPC分类号： G01D5/35383 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  H01S3/0675

摘要： A birefringent active fiber laser sensor includes one or more fiber lasers 12, 14, 16, each having a pair of Bragg gratings 18, 20, embedded in a fiber 10 and excited by a common pump light 30. At least one of the lasers 12, 14, 16 has a laser cavity wit a predetermined birefrigence and a lasing light at a first lasing frequency along a first polarization axis, and at a second fusing frequency along a second polarization axis. A difference frequency between the first and the second lasing frequencies is related to the magnitude of the birefringence, and the birefringence varies in response to a perturbation. Output light 104 from each of the lasers 12,14,16 is fed to a defraction grating 106 which splits the beam 104 into different wavelength groups, each group having the two lasing frequencies and polarizations of a given laser. Each wavelength group is fed to a corresponding analyzer 122-126 which combines the first and second frequencies and polarizations for each laser to form a lower difference or "beat" frequency, thereby allowing lower frequency detection devices 138-142 to be used.

摘要翻译： 双折射有源光纤激光传感器包括一个或多个光纤激光器12,14,16，每个光纤激光器12,14,16都具有嵌入在光纤10中并由公共泵浦光30激发的一对布拉格光栅18,20。至少一个激光器12 ，14,16具有具有预定双折射率的激光腔和沿着第一偏振轴的第一激光频率的激光照射和沿第二偏振轴的第二熔化频率。 第一和第二激光频率之间的差频与双折射的大小有关，并且双折射响应于扰动而变化。 来自每个激光器12,14,16的输出光104被馈送到折射光栅106，其将光束104分成不同的波长组，每组具有给定激光器的两个激光频率和极化。 每个波长组被馈送到对应的分析器122-126，该分析器122-126将每个激光器的第一和第二频率和偏振组合以形成较低的差分或“拍频”，从而允许使用较低频率检测装置138-142。

公开(公告)号：US5546481A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US397467

申请日：1995-03-02

申请人： Gerald Meltz ,  Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gerald Meltz ,  Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/126 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/10 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  G02B6/126

摘要： A single polarization fiber and/or amplifier includes a non-polarization preserving fiber 10 having a fiber grating tap 12 which has a predetermined length and strength (.DELTA.n/n) and is oriented at a predetermined angle .theta. and has a grating spacing D so as to couple-out of the fiber 10 a predetermined amount of one polarization 24 over a predetermined wavelength range of an input light 16 and pass the other polarization 28 as output light 26, the grating length being substantially the length of the fiber 10. Alternatively, all or a portion of the fiber 10 may be doped to form a polarization sensitive optical amplifier.

摘要翻译： 单个偏振光纤和/或放大器包括具有光纤光栅12的具有预定长度和强度（DELTA n / n）并且以预定角度θ取向且具有光栅间距D的非偏振保留光纤10 为了在输入光16的预定波长范围内将预定量的一个偏振24耦合到光纤10中，并将另一个极化28作为输出光26通过，光栅长度基本上是光纤10的长度。或者 可以掺杂光纤10的全部或一部分以形成偏振敏感的光放大器。

公开(公告)号：US5513913A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-07

申请号：US069231

申请日：1993-05-28

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz ,  Leon A. Newman

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz ,  Leon A. Newman

IPC分类号： G01K11/12 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/23 ,  G01N21/41 ,  H01S3/067 ,  G01K11/00 ,  G01L1/24

CPC分类号： G01D5/35383 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  H01S3/0675

摘要： A remote active multipoint fiber laser sensor includes a plurality of fiber lasers 12,14,16, each having a pair of Bragg gratings 18,20, embedded in a fiber 10 and excited by a common pump light 30. The lasers 12,14,16 lase at different longitudinal modes (lasing wavelengths) and emit light 32,34,36, at their respective wavelengths .lambda.1,.lambda.2,.lambda.n. The lasing wavelength of each laser shifts due to perturbations, such as strain or temperature, applied thereto. The output light 32,34,36 is fed to a spectrum analyzer 50 where the wavelength shift is analyzed. A signal processor 54 reads the wavelength shift and provides a signal on lines 56 indicative of the perturbation at each of the lasers/sensors 12-16. Alternatively, a single laser may be used as a single sensor. Alternatively, birefringent fiber may be used as the fiber cavities 21 and the two polarizations are beat together to form a lower difference or "beat" frequency, thereby allowing lower frequency detection devices to be used.

摘要翻译： 远程有源多点光纤激光传感器包括多个光纤激光器12,14,16，每个光纤激光器12,14,16各自具有嵌入在光纤10中并被公共泵浦光30激发的一对布拉格光栅18,20。激光器12,14， 16以不同的纵向模式（激光波长）发光，并以它们各自的波长λ1，λ2，λn发光32,34,36。 每个激光器的激光波长由于施加到其上的扰动（例如应变或温度）而移动。 输出光32,34,36被馈送到频谱分析器50，其中分析波长偏移。 信号处理器54读取波长偏移，并在线56上提供指示每个激光器/传感器12-16处的扰动的信号。 或者，单个激光器可以用作单个传感器。 或者，可以使用双折射光纤作为光纤腔21，并且两个偏振被一起击打以形成较低的差或“拍”频率，从而允许使用较低频率检测装置。

公开(公告)号：US6151157A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US884747

申请日：1997-06-30

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

IPC分类号： H01S3/10 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  H01S3/1003

摘要： An optical amplifier for amplifying a plurality of signal components of a multi-wavelength optical beam passing through an optical fiber includes a portion of the optical fiber doped with a rare earth ion to amplify the optical signal wherein the gain spectrum as a function of the wavelength is nonuniform. The optical amplifier further includes a gain flattening module to compensate for the nonuniform gain spectrum of the doped fiber by attenuating each of the channels of the amplified signal to equalize the gain. A gain equalization module compensates for varying gain fluctuations due to the adding and subtracting of signal components. The gain equalization module adjusts dynamically each signal component of the optical beam such that the amplitudes of the signal components are substantially equal, in response to a plurality of control signals. Each control signal is representative of the degree of attenuation required to equalize the signal components. The respective control signals are generated by a loop status monitor that includes a waveguide for demultiplexing the optical beam, and a detector array that determines the amplitude of each signal component. A controller generates the control signals in dependence of the amplitude of the signal components.

摘要翻译： 用于放大通过光纤的多波长光束的多个信号分量的光放大器包括掺杂有稀土离子的光纤的一部分以放大光信号，其中增益光谱作为波长的函数 是不均匀的。 光放大器还包括增益平坦化模块，通过衰减放大信号的每个通道以补偿增益来补偿掺杂光纤的不均匀增益谱。 增益均衡模块补偿由于信号分量的相加和减去引起的变化的增益波动。 增益均衡模块动态地调整光束的每个信号分量，使得响应于多个控制信号，信号分量的振幅基本相等。 每个控制信号代表均衡信号分量所需的衰减程度。 相应的控制信号由包括用于解复用光束的波导的环路状态监视器以及确定每个信号分量的振幅的检测器阵列产生。 控制器根据信号分量的振幅产生控制信号。

公开(公告)号：US5657406A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

申请号：US311333

申请日：1994-09-23

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： G02B6/293 ,  G02B6/34 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G02B6/28

CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  H04J14/0206 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04J14/0219 ,  H04Q11/0003 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04Q2011/0009 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0022 ,  H04Q2011/0026

摘要： An efficient wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a plurality of 2.times.2 optical couplers 122,180,200,220, each having a pair of matched gratings 130,142; 182,184; 202,204; and 222,224, having bandpass wavelengths .lambda..sub.1, .lambda..sub.2, .lambda..sub.3, .lambda..sub.4, respectively, attached to two of the ports. An input signal 116 enters a port 120 and is split and reflected off the gratings 130,142 and then recombined so as to provide all the input signal 116 at an output port 150 and no reflection out of the port 120. Another input signal 154 is incident on the grating 142 which is passed by the grating 142 and is coupled onto the output port 150 with the signal 116 as a signal 160. A similar arrangement exists for the other couplers 180,200,220 connected in series, each of which adds another input wavelength. Alternatively, in a de-multiplexing application the signal 116 may be broadband and the signals 154,190,206,230 would be separate output wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 有效的波长多路复用器/解复用器包括多个2x2光耦合器122,180,200,220，每个具有一对匹配的光栅130,142; 182,184; 202,204; 和222,224，分别具有连接到两个端口的带通波长λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4。 输入信号116进入端口120，并被分离并从光栅130,142反射，然后再结合，以便在输出端口150处提供所有输入信号116，并且没有反射出端口120.另一输入信号154入射到 栅格142由光栅142通过并且被信号116耦合到输出端口150上作为信号160.对于串联连接的其它耦合器180,200,220，其中每一个耦合器180,200,220都增加了另一个输入波长。 或者，在解复用应用中，信号116可以是宽带的，并且信号154,190,206,230将是分离的输出波长。

公开(公告)号：US5915052A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

申请号：US885427

申请日：1997-06-30

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： H04B10/08 ,  H04B10/18 ,  H04J14/02 ,  G02B6/28

CPC分类号： H04B10/25073 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04B10/07955 ,  H04J14/0221 ,  H04B2210/003

摘要： A loop status monitor for determining the magnitude of the power output of each signal component of a multi-wavelength optical beam includes a dense wavelength division demultiplexing arrayed waveguide and a detector array. The detector elements are butt-coupled to each respective output of the waveguide to reduce insertion loss and cost. The detector array is formed of planar silica material having a plurality of precision ion implanted regions that separate the optical beam into its respective signal components. The signal components are directed to a corresponding detector element of the detector array. Each detector element includes a photodiode that converts the optical beam to an electrical signal indicative of the amplitude of the power of the channel.

摘要翻译： 用于确定多波长光束的每个信号分量的功率输出的幅度的回路状态监视器包括密集波分解复用阵列波导和检测器阵列。 检测器元件对接到波导的每个相应输出端以减少插入损耗和成本。 检测器阵列由平面二氧化硅材料形成，其具有将光束分离成其各自的信号分量的多个精密离子注入区域。 信号分量被引导到检测器阵列的相应检测器元件。 每个检测器元件包括光电二极管，其将光束转换成指示通道的功率幅度的电信号。

公开(公告)号：US5534993A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-09

申请号：US260136

申请日：1994-06-15

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Leon A. Newman

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Leon A. Newman

IPC分类号： G01S17/32 ,  G01C3/00

CPC分类号： G01S17/325 ,  G01S7/497

摘要： An amplitude modulated continuous wave (AMCW) laser radar (ladar) system is provided with a dual-wavelength source 10 which provides a dual wavelength signal 12 (one fixed and one chirped) which is launched down a fiber 28 to a target 38 and reflected back along the fiber 28 and the return detected by a detector 52. The transmitted signal is detected by a detector 56. The detectors 52, 56 provide an electrical return beat signal and reference beat signal, respectively, indicative of the difference between the wavelengths incident thereon. The signals are fed to a frequency mixer 60 which subtracts the two beat frequencies and signal processing logic 64 computes the distance to the target 38. Using dual wavelengths and beat frequencies provides a much broader chirp bandwidth than conventional ladar techniques, and allows for higher power sources, thereby reducing range error.

摘要翻译： 幅度调制连续波（AMCW）激光雷达（拉达）系统设有双波长源10，双波长源10提供双波长信号12（一个固定和一个啁啾），其从光纤28向下发射到目标38并被反射 传输的信号由检测器56检测。检测器52,56分别提供电返回拍频信号和参考节拍信号，其指示波长事件之间的差异 上。 信号被馈送到混频器60，该混频器减去两个拍频，并且信号处理逻辑64计算到目标38的距离。使用双波长和拍频可提供比传统的拉达技术更宽的啁啾带宽，并且允许更高的功率 来源，从而减少范围误差。

公开(公告)号：US06370290B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US08934189

申请日：1997-09-19

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Robert W. Ade ,  Karl Kissa ,  Paul Dunn ,  Timothy C. Munks ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr. ,  Eitan Gertel

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Robert W. Ade ,  Karl Kissa ,  Paul Dunn ,  Timothy C. Munks ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr. ,  Eitan Gertel

IPC分类号： G02B612

CPC分类号： G02B6/4201 ,  G02B6/4215 ,  G02B6/4239 ,  G02B6/4244 ,  G02B6/4266 ,  G02B6/4271 ,  G02B6/4285

摘要： An integrated optical transmitter for use in an optical system has an optical head assembly with an optical beam generator for providing an optical beam and a lens assembly collecting the optical beam and generating therefrom a formed optical beam. Interface optics receives the formed optical beam and provides optical coupling so as to minimize insertion loss to the optical beam. Also included is an optical modulator for receiving the optical beam from the interface optics and for providing a modulated optical beam in response to received modulation signals. The optical modulator is coupled to the interface optics to be in a fixed relationship therewith.

摘要翻译： 用于光学系统的集成光发射器具有光学头组件，其具有用于提供光束的光束发生器和收集光束并由其产生形成的光束的透镜组件。 接口光学器件接收所形成的光束并提供光耦合，以使对光束的插入损耗最小化。 还包括用于从接口光学器件接收光束并响应于接收到的调制信号提供调制光束的光调制器。 光调制器耦合到界面光学器件以与其成为固定的关系。

公开(公告)号：USRE35962E

公开(公告)日：1998-11-17

申请号：US693689

申请日：1996-08-05

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  William H. Glenn

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  William H. Glenn

IPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06737 ,  H01S3/08031 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019 ,  H01S3/2383

摘要： An optical waveguide laser arrangement includes a solid optical waveguide having a waveguiding portion that extends along an axis between two spaced regions of the optical waveguide and is of a material capable of emitting stimulated light upon excitation by pumping light that is launched into the optical waveguide for axial propagation through the axially spaced regions of the optical waveguide. Two reflectors are provided, each being disposed at one of the axially spaced regions of the optical waveguide to delimit a laser resonator. At least one of the reflectors is constituted by a Bragg grating consisting of a multitude of axially consecutive periodic perturbations in the refractive index of the respective one of the axially spaced regions that cumulatively reflect the stimulated light at a reflectivity that decreases for adjacent longitudinal modes of the stimulated light with increasing deviation from a central wavelength. The axial length of the laser resonator, the reflectivity of the Bragg grating and the gain of the excitable material are so coordinated with one another as to sustain lasing in only a single longitudinal mode.

摘要翻译： 光波导激光器配置包括具有波导部分的固体光波导，该波导部分沿着光波导的两个间隔区域之间的轴线延伸，并且是能够通过泵送发射到光波导中的光而激发时发射受激光的材料 通过光波导的轴向间隔的区域的轴向传播。 提供两个反射器，每个反射器设置在光波导的轴向间隔开的一个区域中，以限定激光谐振器。 反射器中的至少一个由布拉格光栅构成，布拉格光栅由轴向间隔开的相应一个区域的折射率中的多个轴向连续的周期性扰动组成，其累积地以相对于纵向模式的相对纵向模式减小的反射率反射受激光 受激光随着偏离中心波长而增加。 激光谐振器的轴向长度，布拉格光栅的反射率和可激发材料的增益是如此协调的，以便在单一纵向模式下维持激光。