公开(公告)号：US6151157A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US884747

申请日：1997-06-30

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

IPC分类号： H01S3/10 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  H01S3/1003

摘要： An optical amplifier for amplifying a plurality of signal components of a multi-wavelength optical beam passing through an optical fiber includes a portion of the optical fiber doped with a rare earth ion to amplify the optical signal wherein the gain spectrum as a function of the wavelength is nonuniform. The optical amplifier further includes a gain flattening module to compensate for the nonuniform gain spectrum of the doped fiber by attenuating each of the channels of the amplified signal to equalize the gain. A gain equalization module compensates for varying gain fluctuations due to the adding and subtracting of signal components. The gain equalization module adjusts dynamically each signal component of the optical beam such that the amplitudes of the signal components are substantially equal, in response to a plurality of control signals. Each control signal is representative of the degree of attenuation required to equalize the signal components. The respective control signals are generated by a loop status monitor that includes a waveguide for demultiplexing the optical beam, and a detector array that determines the amplitude of each signal component. A controller generates the control signals in dependence of the amplitude of the signal components.

摘要翻译： 用于放大通过光纤的多波长光束的多个信号分量的光放大器包括掺杂有稀土离子的光纤的一部分以放大光信号，其中增益光谱作为波长的函数 是不均匀的。 光放大器还包括增益平坦化模块，通过衰减放大信号的每个通道以补偿增益来补偿掺杂光纤的不均匀增益谱。 增益均衡模块补偿由于信号分量的相加和减去引起的变化的增益波动。 增益均衡模块动态地调整光束的每个信号分量，使得响应于多个控制信号，信号分量的振幅基本相等。 每个控制信号代表均衡信号分量所需的衰减程度。 相应的控制信号由包括用于解复用光束的波导的环路状态监视器以及确定每个信号分量的振幅的检测器阵列产生。 控制器根据信号分量的振幅产生控制信号。

公开(公告)号：US5657406A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

申请号：US311333

申请日：1994-09-23

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： G02B6/293 ,  G02B6/34 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G02B6/28

CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  H04J14/0206 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04J14/0219 ,  H04Q11/0003 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04Q2011/0009 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/0022 ,  H04Q2011/0026

摘要： An efficient wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a plurality of 2.times.2 optical couplers 122,180,200,220, each having a pair of matched gratings 130,142; 182,184; 202,204; and 222,224, having bandpass wavelengths .lambda..sub.1, .lambda..sub.2, .lambda..sub.3, .lambda..sub.4, respectively, attached to two of the ports. An input signal 116 enters a port 120 and is split and reflected off the gratings 130,142 and then recombined so as to provide all the input signal 116 at an output port 150 and no reflection out of the port 120. Another input signal 154 is incident on the grating 142 which is passed by the grating 142 and is coupled onto the output port 150 with the signal 116 as a signal 160. A similar arrangement exists for the other couplers 180,200,220 connected in series, each of which adds another input wavelength. Alternatively, in a de-multiplexing application the signal 116 may be broadband and the signals 154,190,206,230 would be separate output wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 有效的波长多路复用器/解复用器包括多个2x2光耦合器122,180,200,220，每个具有一对匹配的光栅130,142; 182,184; 202,204; 和222,224，分别具有连接到两个端口的带通波长λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4。 输入信号116进入端口120，并被分离并从光栅130,142反射，然后再结合，以便在输出端口150处提供所有输入信号116，并且没有反射出端口120.另一输入信号154入射到 栅格142由光栅142通过并且被信号116耦合到输出端口150上作为信号160.对于串联连接的其它耦合器180,200,220，其中每一个耦合器180,200,220都增加了另一个输入波长。 或者，在解复用应用中，信号116可以是宽带的，并且信号154,190,206,230将是分离的输出波长。

公开(公告)号：US06031849A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-29

申请号：US971472

申请日：1997-11-14

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Paul Sanders

IPC分类号： C03B37/018 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/30 ,  C03B37/023 ,  G02B6/26 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 ,  C03B37/01838 ,  C03B37/01853 ,  C03B37/01861 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  C03B2201/34 ,  C03B2203/02 ,  C03B2203/10 ,  C03B2203/29 ,  G02B6/03622

摘要： A rare earth doped fiber for use in a fiber laser is presented. The fiber laser uses a single stripe broad area pump diode permits Yb lasing in its 3-level transition at 980 nm preferentially over the 1010 nm 4-level transition. The present fiber laser is characterized by a dual cladding fiber geometry which includes an inner rare earth doped single mode core. There is an inner cladding designed to be a multimode pump core for the pump light. The pump core is followed by a final cladding to confine the pump radiation. The present laser matches the larger/outer mode field to that of a single stripe broad area diode in order to maximize the pump intensity.

摘要翻译： 介绍了一种用于光纤激光器的稀土掺杂光纤。 光纤激光器使用单条宽广域泵浦二极管，允许Yb激光器在980nm处的3级转换优先于1010nm的4级转换。 本发明的光纤激光器的特征在于包括内部稀土掺杂单模核心的双包层光纤几何形状。 有一个内包层，被设计为泵浦光的多模泵芯。 泵芯后面是最后的包层以限制泵浦辐射。 目前的激光器将较大/外部模式的场与单个条形宽区域二极管匹配，以使泵浦强度最大化。

公开(公告)号：US6020986A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US976307

申请日：1997-11-21

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04J14/0212

摘要： An apparatus for use in selectively adding or dropping channels in an optical network includes an optical circulator and an array of programmable fiber Bragg gratings. Each fiber Bragg grating is a narrow ban reflective element which can be tuned on or off of an ITU standard wavelength division multiplex channel so that the channel is either fully reflected or transmitted by the grating. The addition or subtraction of signal channels is operated by a controller which operates the individual fiber Bragg gratings between transmissive and reflective states.

摘要翻译： 用于选择性地添加或丢弃光网络中的信道的装置包括光循环器和可编程光纤布拉格光栅阵列。 每个光纤布拉格光栅是窄的反射元件，其可以被调谐到国际电联标准波分复用通道上或者关闭，使得信道被光栅完全反射或传输。 信号通道的加法或减法由控制器操作，该控制器在透射和反射状态之间操作各个光纤布拉格光栅。

公开(公告)号：US5594747A

公开(公告)日：1997-01-14

申请号：US398936

申请日：1995-03-06

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/131 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/13

CPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/1312 ,  H01S3/1608

摘要： A dual wavelength pumped low noise fiber laser includes a fiber laser 10 comprising a pair of Bragg gratings 14,16 at opposite ends of a fiber laser cavity 18 which is co-doped with two rare-earth dopants, Er.sup.+3 Yb.sup.+3, so as to allow lasing to occur at a lasing wavelength .lambda..sub.L. A first pump signal 20 efficiently pumps the Yb to the excited state and the Yb energy is transitioned to the Er atoms which ultimately lase at the desire lasing frequency. Because Yb is pumped so efficiently, high pump absorption is achieved, thereby providing high laser output power and, consequently, reduced RIN. Simultaneously, a second pump signal 52 directly pumps the Er at a different wavelength .lambda..sub.P2 which populates the lasing transition more quickly, thereby allowing sufficient bandwidth of a closed loop control on the second pump signal 52 to control low frequency RIN spiking due to relaxation oscillations in the laser.

摘要翻译： 双波长泵浦低噪声光纤激光器包括光纤激光器10，其包括在光纤激光器腔18的相对端处的一对布拉格光栅14,16，其与两个稀土掺杂剂Er + 3Yb + 3共掺杂，因此 以使激光发生在激光波长λL处。第一泵浦信号20有效地将Yb泵浦到激发态，并且Yb能量转变到最终以期望的激光频率驱动的Er原子。 由于Yb被如此有效地泵送，所以实现了高泵浦吸收，从而提供高的激光输出功率，并因此降低RIN。 同时，第二泵信号52直接泵浦不同波长λ2的Er，其更快地填充激光跃迁，从而允许第二泵信号52上的闭环控制的足够带宽以控制由于松弛振荡引起的低频RIN尖峰 在激光中。

公开(公告)号：US5396506A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-07

申请号：US165141

申请日：1993-12-09

申请人： Gary A. Ball

发明人： Gary A. Ball

IPC分类号： H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/098 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/2383 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/105 ,  H01S3/1307

摘要： A coupled multiple output fiber laser includes a plurality of laser diodes 10,50-56 each providing pump light 12,58-64 which is incident on respective Bragg gratings 16,74-80 which pass the pump wavelength and reflect a lasing wavelength. The fibers 20,90-96 are doped with a gain dopant such as Er.sup.3+ to provide lasing at the lasing wavelength in response to the pump light. Light beams 18,82-88 are incident on an optical coupler 22 which couples the light beams 18,82-88 to the light beams 40-48 on the fibers 30-38 based on a predetermined power distribution, e.g., equal distribution. The light 40 travels along the fiber 30 which acts as a common-cavity fiber. The light 40 reflects off a reflector 120 which provides reflected feedback light 122 which reenters the coupler 22 and is distributed to the individual cavity fibers 20,82-88 based on the same or a different predetermined power distribution. Output light 42-48 is provided on the fibers 32-38 which may be incident on a lens 160 to cause the beams to intersect. The length of each of the fibers 20,90-96 is adjusted by piezoelectric tuners 200-208 to provide coupled cavity phase-locking of the output beams 42-48. Also, each of the output beams 42-48 may be phase shifted by additional tuners 240-246. An additional output beam may be obtained by a light 232 which passes through the mirror 120.

摘要翻译： 耦合多输出光纤激光器包括多个激光二极管10,50-56，每个激光二极管10,50-56提供泵光12,58-64，其入射到通过泵浦波长并反射激光波长的相应布拉格光栅16,74-80。 光纤20,90-96掺杂有诸如Er3 +的增益掺杂剂，以响应于泵浦光而以激光波长提供激光。 光束18,82-88入射在光耦合器22上，光耦合器22基于预定功率分布（例如相等分布）将光束18,82-88耦合到光纤30-38上的光束40-48。 光40沿着作为共腔光纤的纤维30行进。 光40从反射器120反射，反射器120提供反射反射光122，反射反射光122重新输入耦合器22，并且基于相同或不同的预定功率分布分布到单个腔光纤20,82-88。 输出光42-48设置在光纤32-38上，光纤32-38可以入射到透镜160上以使光束相交。 每个光纤20,90-96的长度由压电调谐器200-208调整，以提供输出光束42-48的耦合腔相位锁定。 此外，每个输出光束42-48可以通过附加的调谐器240-246相移。 可以通过穿过反射镜120的光232获得附加的输出光束。

公开(公告)号：US5212536A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

申请号：US716873

申请日：1991-06-18

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Richard A. Meinzer

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Richard A. Meinzer

IPC分类号： G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J9/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J9/00

摘要： A detector for laser radiation that detects the presence of above-threshold radiation in one of a set of wavelength ranges employs a set of Fresnel lenses designed to focus radiation in a particular band onto a metal-coated film. A series of Fresnel lenses is designed with constant focal lengths, but each lens is designed to have that focal length at a specific wavelength. Only when the wavelength of the incident radiation matches the design wavelength of the Fresnel lens will the film be marked or machined. Radiation of differing wavelengths will be defocused to a degree that will reduce the intensity below the level that will mark or machine the film. An electronic based version of this spectroscopy detector can also be implemented.

摘要翻译： 用于检测在一组波长范围中的阈值辐射的存在的用于激光辐射的检测器使用一组菲涅耳透镜，其设计成将特定带中的辐射聚焦到金属涂覆的膜上。 一系列菲涅尔透镜被设计成具有恒定的焦距，但是每个透镜被设计成具有特定波长的焦距。 只有当入射辐射的波长与菲涅耳透镜的设计波长相匹配时，膜才能被标记或加工。 不同波长的辐射将散焦到一定程度，这将降低低于标记或加工胶片的水平的强度。 也可以实现该光谱检测器的电子版本。

公开(公告)号：US06370290B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US08934189

申请日：1997-09-19

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  Robert W. Ade ,  Karl Kissa ,  Paul Dunn ,  Timothy C. Munks ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr. ,  Eitan Gertel

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  Robert W. Ade ,  Karl Kissa ,  Paul Dunn ,  Timothy C. Munks ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr. ,  Eitan Gertel

IPC分类号： G02B612

CPC分类号： G02B6/4201 ,  G02B6/4215 ,  G02B6/4239 ,  G02B6/4244 ,  G02B6/4266 ,  G02B6/4271 ,  G02B6/4285

摘要： An integrated optical transmitter for use in an optical system has an optical head assembly with an optical beam generator for providing an optical beam and a lens assembly collecting the optical beam and generating therefrom a formed optical beam. Interface optics receives the formed optical beam and provides optical coupling so as to minimize insertion loss to the optical beam. Also included is an optical modulator for receiving the optical beam from the interface optics and for providing a modulated optical beam in response to received modulation signals. The optical modulator is coupled to the interface optics to be in a fixed relationship therewith.

摘要翻译： 用于光学系统的集成光发射器具有光学头组件，其具有用于提供光束的光束发生器和收集光束并由其产生形成的光束的透镜组件。 接口光学器件接收所形成的光束并提供光耦合，以使对光束的插入损耗最小化。 还包括用于从接口光学器件接收光束并响应于接收到的调制信号提供调制光束的光调制器。 光调制器耦合到界面光学器件以与其成为固定的关系。

公开(公告)号：USRE35962E

公开(公告)日：1998-11-17

申请号：US693689

申请日：1996-08-05

申请人： Gary A. Ball ,  William H. Glenn

发明人： Gary A. Ball ,  William H. Glenn

IPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06737 ,  H01S3/08031 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019 ,  H01S3/2383

摘要： An optical waveguide laser arrangement includes a solid optical waveguide having a waveguiding portion that extends along an axis between two spaced regions of the optical waveguide and is of a material capable of emitting stimulated light upon excitation by pumping light that is launched into the optical waveguide for axial propagation through the axially spaced regions of the optical waveguide. Two reflectors are provided, each being disposed at one of the axially spaced regions of the optical waveguide to delimit a laser resonator. At least one of the reflectors is constituted by a Bragg grating consisting of a multitude of axially consecutive periodic perturbations in the refractive index of the respective one of the axially spaced regions that cumulatively reflect the stimulated light at a reflectivity that decreases for adjacent longitudinal modes of the stimulated light with increasing deviation from a central wavelength. The axial length of the laser resonator, the reflectivity of the Bragg grating and the gain of the excitable material are so coordinated with one another as to sustain lasing in only a single longitudinal mode.

摘要翻译： 光波导激光器配置包括具有波导部分的固体光波导，该波导部分沿着光波导的两个间隔区域之间的轴线延伸，并且是能够通过泵送发射到光波导中的光而激发时发射受激光的材料 通过光波导的轴向间隔的区域的轴向传播。 提供两个反射器，每个反射器设置在光波导的轴向间隔开的一个区域中，以限定激光谐振器。 反射器中的至少一个由布拉格光栅构成，布拉格光栅由轴向间隔开的相应一个区域的折射率中的多个轴向连续的周期性扰动组成，其累积地以相对于纵向模式的相对纵向模式减小的反射率反射受激光 受激光随着偏离中心波长而增加。 激光谐振器的轴向长度，布拉格光栅的反射率和可激发材料的增益是如此协调的，以便在单一纵向模式下维持激光。

公开(公告)号：US5511083A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-23

申请号：US398206

申请日：1995-03-02

申请人： Francis X. D'Amato, deceased ,  Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

发明人： Francis X. D'Amato, deceased ,  Gary A. Ball ,  Gerald Meltz

IPC分类号： H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S3/30

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06712

摘要： A polarized fiber laser source includes a fiber laser 10 comprising a pair of Bragg gratings 14,16 at opposite ends of a fiber laser cavity 18 which is doped with a rare-earth dopant so as to allow lasing to occur at a lasing wavelength .lambda..sub.L. A grating tap 26 is provided along a portion of the laser cavity 18 to couple-out a predetermined amount of light along one polarization, e.g., the "s" polarization", at the lasing wavelength .lambda..sub.L. This causes one polarization mode to experience more loss than the other, thereby allowing the fiber laser to lase only on the less lossy polarization mode and causing the laser output light 40 to be polarized only along such polarization.

摘要翻译： 偏振光纤激光源包括光纤激光器10，其包括在光纤激光器腔18的相对端处的一对布拉格光栅14,16，该布拉格光栅14,16掺杂有稀土掺杂剂，以便允许以激光波长λL发生激光 沿着激光腔18的一部分提供光栅丝锥26，以沿着激发波长λL的一个偏振（例如“s”极化）耦合预定量的光。这导致一个偏振模式 经历比另一个更多的损耗，从而允许光纤激光器仅在较小的有损偏振模式下发光，并且使激光输出光40仅沿着这种极化而极化。