摘要:
Methods for the measurement and prediction of response to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens through the detection of metabolites in a mammal are provided. The metabolites can be used as biomarkers, including efficacy biomarkers, surrogate biomarkers, and toxicity biomarkers. The methods find use for early prediction of toxicity, target identification/validation, and monitoring of drug efficacy.
摘要:
During recording of an MPEG information signal on a record carrier, transport packets (Pk) are stored in signal blocks in a track on the record carrier. x transport packets of the MPEG information signal are stored in the second block sections (SB) of y signal blocks, where x and y are integers, x≧1 and y>1, more specifically, y>x. Further, third block sections (TB) are present in one or more of the second block sections in the y signal blocks of a group for storing additional information, this additional information relating to the specific application of recording and reproducing the MPEG information signal on/from the record carrier.
摘要:
A device comprising an MPEG encoder (2) is provided with a preanalyser (8) which encodes each picture with a fixed step size (Q.sub.2). The preanalyser is coupled to a computing circuit (9) which computes, for each type of (I, P, B) picture, a target value (T) for the number of bits for encoding said picture, as well as a suitable distribution of the target value among the macroblocks of the picture. A proportionally integrating control circuit (7) controls the quantization step size (Q.sub.1). Since the PI control circuit does not introduce any residual errors, the desired number of bits per picture or per group of pictures is achieved within narrow limits. The output signal is eminently suitable for recording and subsequent editing.
摘要:
A device for encoding a video signal comprises a picture transformer (22), a quantizer (23) and a variable-length encoder (24), as well as distribution device (6) for distributing a global target value (T) for the number of bits per picture or group of pictures in local target values (T.sub.n) for separate macroblocks of each picture. The device for encoding is provided with proportionally integrating control device for for controlling the quantization step size (Q.sub.1) in such a way that the buffer contents (b) of an output buffer (4) are in conformity with the target value. Since the PI control circuit does not introduce any residual errors, the desired number of bits per picture or group of pictures is achieved within narrow limits. The output signal is eminently suitable for recording and subsequent editing.
摘要:
Device for splitting a digital interlaced television signal into components in which interlaced frames are applied to a vertical low-pass filter (6). To prevent motion artefacts in the spatial signal thus obtained, the interlaced frame is also applied to a vertical high-pass filter (8). This vertical high-pass filter supplies a motion auxiliary signal which may have a small vertical bandwidth. When combining the spatial signal and the motion auxiliary signal, noticeable motion artefacts do not occur in the interlaced frame. The device may be used for deriving a standard television signal from a high-definition television (HDTV) signal and for compatible transmission of HDTV signals.
摘要:
A method of transmitting timing critical data via an asynchronous channel without changing any datum to be transmitted. The timing critical data can be an MPEG transport stream. The asynchronous channel can be a computer or telephone network, a digital storage media such as a digital VCR, or a digital interface. The method involves tagging each transmission unit of the data stream, before inputting to the channel, with timing information, and using the timing information at the output end of the channel to recreate the proper data timing. Various schemes are described for packing the timing information tags with each or a plurality of transmission units.
摘要:
A method of transmitting timing critical data via an asynchronous channel. The timing critical data can be an MPEG transport stream of packets. The asynchronous channel can be a computer or telephone network, a digital storage media such as a digital VCR, or a digital interface. The packets are processed serially through a remuxer to obtain a constant rate and delivered to and consumed by one or more target decoders, for example, inside a TV set or in a set-top decoder. To prevent overflow of the transport buffers inside these decoders, a single monitor-scheduler is provided which monitors the transport buffers and delivers to each the packets wanted scheduled so as to avoid buffer overflow and loss of information. The method also includes restamping the transport packets with new PCRs. The remuxing scheme is simple enough to implement on DVCR or other consumer applications. Also described is a method for recording the output stream which selects out desired program material and tags the transport packets with SOA tags.
摘要:
Device for splitting an interlaced television frame into a vertical low-frequency spatial signal and a vertical high-frequency motion auxiliary signal. In a forward play mode the two signals are added together. In a reverse play mode, in which the frames are supplied in the reverse order, the motion auxiliary signal is subtracted from the spatial signal.
摘要:
A hashing data storage and retrieval arrangement whose storage capacity is unaffected by collisions. A first memory serves as a hash index table, for storing pointers at each address location corresponding to a hash value generated by hashing a key data word. Each pointer is the address of a location in a second memory, which has a separate storage location for each key data word, its associated data, and a further pointer which is the address of the next key data word resulting from a collision during hashing. Preferably a pipeline register between the two memories permits hashing of a subsequent key data word while accessing of the second memory is still in progress.
摘要:
A digital multiplier circuit which implements a modified multiplier algorithm in binary form and can be implemented as a very large scale integrated circuit. The modified algorithm replaces the large summation required in a typical shift-and-add digital multiplier with the sum of smaller summation terms, both yielding the same product. The digital word representing one of the multiplicands is partitioned or sliced into groups of two or more bits. All possible values of each bit slice are pre-calculated and stored to derive partial products thereof by the other multiplicand. The summation of such partial products rather than of individual bit products reduces the number of partial adders by half or more, depending on the number of bits in each partition or slice.