Abstract:
For dark-field imaging of the specimen, a scanning corpuscularbeam microscope is equipped with multiple annular apertures located between the beam source and the specimen on the one hand and between the specimen and the detector on the other hand. The areas of the multiple annular apertures conjointly i.e. complementarily cover the ray path. The aperture situated in front of the detector is surrounded by a wide, radiationtransmitting region. The invention affords utilizing for the generation of the image not only the rays scattered outside of the aperture cone but also a large part of the rays scattered within this cone.
Abstract:
Apparatus for measuring an electric current of the order of magnitude of 10 13 amps and smaller which comprises an evacuated envelope having a cathode and a control electrode for converting the current into a flow of distinct electrons proportional to the current, and an electron multiplier and anode for converting each distinct electron into a pulse for measurement. The apparatus may also have a positive feedback circuit to increase the speed of response.
Abstract:
A mass dependent ion microscope having an array of very small mass filters, interposed between the source of an ion image and an image transducer for transmitting on a point-for-point basis only ions of a predetermined mass-to-charge ratio, is described. The point-for-point transmission by the mass filter array preserves the image information of the original ion image and permits the filtered ion image to be visually observed on a phosphor screen or otherwise detected. The individual filter elements of the array may be either of the monopole or quadrupole structure fabricated from glass.
Abstract:
In an electron microscope having a velocity filtering system involving reflection in a prism, the normal objective lens is replaced by a complex lens comprising three electrostatic lens elements. This arrangement enables the order of image and diffraction diagram in the propagation path to be reversed, so that the diffraction diagram can be filtered as well as the image.
Abstract:
A field ion microscope capable of isolating and analyzing one or a few atoms of a specimen comprises a field ion microscope section including an emitter tip mounting the specimen to be examined, an apertured screen in the path of the beam of ions emitted by the specimen and means for adjusting the path traversed by the ion beam with respect to the aperture in the screen to cause a selected area of the beam to pass through the aperture and an ion detector positioned in the path of ions passing through the aperture. The path of the ion beam emitted by the specimen by the application of a high voltage may be altered by beam-deflecting means adjacent the beam path or by varying the angular disposition of the emitter tip with respect to the image screen, or the beam may be allowed to drift through a long tube and measured in its time-of-flight in each case using a detector of single particle sensitivity.
Abstract:
The energy filter for use in the implantation of ions into a substrate is micropatterned for establishing, in the substrate, a dopant depth profile and/or defect depth profile brought about by the implantation, and has two or more layers or layer sections which are arranged one after another in the height direction of the energy filter. The energy filter also has a plurality of cavities each of which arranged between at least two layers or layer sections, with interior walls bounding the cavities and joining the at least two layers or layer sections to one another.
Abstract:
An X-ray detector adapted to reduce the transmission of backscattered electrons from a specimen therethrough is provided, the X-ray detector comprising: a detection element, and a filter positioned between the specimen and the detection element in use, the filter comprising a first material layer formed from an electrically insulating material and a second material layer formed from an electrically conductive material, the second material layer being arranged on a side of the first material layer closest to the detection element, wherein the X-ray detector is adapted such that the second material layer is electrically connectable, when in use, to a reference potential so as to shield the detection element from an electric field attributable to a build-up of charge in the first material layer due to incident electrons in use.