公开(公告)号：US20190062656A1

公开(公告)日：2019-02-28

申请号：US16078692

申请日：2017-03-10

Applicant: KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Robert DIBBLE ,  Kim Choon NG ,  Subram Maniam SARATHY

IPC: C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/86

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and method for supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass materials wherein the system includes a SCWG reactor and a plurality of heat exchangers located within a shared pressurized vessel, which decouples the function of containing high pressure from the high temperature function. The present invention allows the heat transfer function to be conducted independently from the pressure transfer function such that the system equipment can be designed and fabricated in manner that would support commercial scaled-up SCWG operations. By using heat exchangers coupled to the reactor in a series configuration, significant efficiencies are achieved by the present invention SCWG system over prior known SCWG systems.

公开(公告)号：US20190002777A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-03

申请号：US16066505

申请日：2016-12-30

Applicant: ForestGas Oy

Inventor： Teuvo Karvonen

IPC: C10J3/78 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C10L3/08 ,  C07C1/04

CPC classification number: C10J3/78 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C07C1/041 ,  C07C1/0485 ,  C07C2523/755 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J2200/09 ,  C10J2200/154 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C10J2300/1276 ,  C10J2300/1621 ,  C10J2300/1662 ,  C10L3/08 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a gas in a closable reactor by supplying the reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material, such as chips, in substantially oxygen-free conditions, by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature, and by recovering the gas generated in a gasification reaction. In that the arrangement the reactor has its interior defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve, especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome, biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's interior, the reactor's interior is supplied with free water/water vapor in its supercritical state, which is optionally prepared catalytically by splitting water/water vapor, the biomass or wood material is conveyed into a gasification space of the reactor's interior, which is in connection with the heated gasification dome and which is adapted to have existing conditions selected in a manner such that the water present in said gasification space is present in its supercritical state, and the gas generated in the gasification reaction is recovered.

公开(公告)号：US09732292B2

公开(公告)日：2017-08-15

申请号：US14767188

申请日：2013-03-20

Applicant: Empire Technology Development LLC

Inventor： Quentin Arthur Carl Adam

IPC: B08B17/00 ,  C23F11/00 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10L9/08 ,  B01J3/00 ,  C10J3/48 ,  G05B15/02

CPC classification number: C10J3/723 ,  B01J3/002 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J2219/00245 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C10J2300/0983 ,  C10J2300/1853 ,  C10L9/086 ,  G05B15/02 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

公开(公告)号：US09393542B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-19

申请号：US14361616

申请日：2012-08-03

Applicant: Xuan Li ,  Binhang Yan ,  Changning Wu ,  Yi Cheng ,  Yi Guo

Inventor： Xuan Li ,  Binhang Yan ,  Changning Wu ,  Yi Cheng ,  Yi Guo

IPC: B01J19/08 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  B01J19/24

CPC classification number: B01J19/088 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J2219/0809 ,  B01J2219/0869 ,  B01J2219/0871 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2200/12 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1238 ,  C10J2300/1807

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-stage plasma reactor system with hollow cathodes for cracking carbonaceous material with each stage comprising: hollow cathodes and hollow anodes cooled by recycling cooling medium or refrigerant; working gas inlet(s); inlet(s) of carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock; reaction tubes in connection with the anode or cathode, in addition, the reactor system also comprises: at least one inlet(s) of quench medium located lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes; and at least one outlet(s) of quenched products and gases located on bottom or lower portion of last one of the reaction tubes, wherein chambers are formed between the first hollow cathode or the hollow cathode used as the reaction tube of any stage and the anode so as to generate plasma gas and/or electric arc therein, generated plasma gas jet fully contacts and efficiently mixes with the carbonaceous material and carrier gas as feedstock and/or volatiles caused by pyrolysis within or nearby highest temperature region of the chambers, and pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material and/or gas-phase reaction of volatiles are occurred. The present reactor system has excellent energy efficiency and higher cracked products yield.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有用于裂化含碳材料的空心阴极的多级等离子体反应器系统，每级包括：通过循环冷却介质或制冷剂冷却的中空阴极和中空阳极; 工作气体入口; 碳质材料和载气作为原料的入口; 与阳极或阴极连接的反应管，此外，反应器系统还包括：位于反应管的最后一个的下部的至少一个骤冷介质入口; 以及位于最后一个反应管的底部或下部的至少一个淬火产物和气体出口，其中在用作任何阶段的反应管的第一空心阴极或中空阴极之间形成腔室， 阳极，以便在其中产生等离子体气体和/或电弧，所产生的等离子体气体射流完全接触并有效地与碳质材料和载体混合，作为由室内或附近的最高温度区域内或其附近的热解引起的原料和/或挥发物，以及 发生碳质材料的热解和/或挥发物的气相反应。 本反应器系统具有优异的能量效率和较高的裂化产物产率。

公开(公告)号：US09090828B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-28

申请号：US13847975

申请日：2013-03-20

Applicant: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Inventor： Nicolaus Dahmen ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Mathias Pagel ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Jens Zimmermann

IPC: C10B49/14 ,  C10J3/57 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/30 ,  B01J19/32 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C12P5/02

CPC classification number: C10B49/14 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J19/30 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  B01J2219/30203 ,  B01J2219/30215 ,  B01J2219/30265 ,  B01J2219/30408 ,  B01J2219/30475 ,  B01J2219/32466 ,  B01J2219/32475 ,  C10J3/57 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/0923 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C12P5/023 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A device for converting biomass with a water content of at least 50% to gaseous products includes a reactor filled at least partially with a packing including at least one filler body for accommodating supercritical water and a hydrothermal molten salt. A heater is arranged to heat up the reactor and its content. A first feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed water and salt solution into the reactor. A second feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed to biomass into the reactor. A discharge pipe is coupled to the reactor to discharge gaseous products from the reactor. An outlet is proved in the bottom of the reactor for removing portions of the molten salt.

Abstract translation: 用于将水含量至少为50％的生物质转化为气态产物的装置包括至少部分填充有包含至少一个用于容纳超临界水和水热熔盐的填料体的填料的反应器。 布置有加热器以加热反应器及其内容物。 将第一进料管连接到反应器以将水和盐溶液进料到反应器中。 第二进料管连接到反应器以将生物质进料到反应器中。 排放管连接到反应器以从反应器排出气态产物。 在反应器的底部证明了一个出口，用于去除部分熔融盐。

公开(公告)号：US09011671B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US13140798

申请日：2009-12-17

Applicant: Junjie Gu ,  Jinlai Li ,  Zhongxue Gan

Inventor： Junjie Gu ,  Jinlai Li ,  Zhongxue Gan

IPC: C10G1/00 ,  C10L3/08 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10L9/08 ,  C10L1/32

CPC classification number: C10L3/08 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10L1/326 ,  C10L9/086 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A coal processing method includes adding coal powder, water and catalyst into a series of tandem reactors and processing therein, wherein the coal powder, water and catalyst are added into the first reactor of the series of tandem reactors; and the temperature and pressure of the series reactors is alternatively arranged in sub-critical state and supercritical state of water from the first reactor, the total product from the previous reactor is used as the feed of the next reactor without any further separation.

Abstract translation: 煤加工方法包括将煤粉，水和催化剂加入到一系列串联反应器中并在其中加工，其中将煤粉，水和催化剂加入到串联反应器系列的第一反应器中; 并且将串联反应器的温度和压力交替地布置在来自第一反应器的亚临界状态和超临界状态的水中，来自前一反应器的总产物用作下一反应器的进料而不进一步分离。

公开(公告)号：US08893878B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-25

申请号：US13171904

申请日：2011-06-29

Applicant: Kenneth M. Sprouse

Inventor： Kenneth M. Sprouse

IPC: B65G15/00 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/78

CPC classification number: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2200/156

Abstract: A pump system includes a pump that includes a first belt and a second belt that are spaced apart from each other to provide generally straight sides of a passage there between. There is an inlet at one end of the passage and an outlet at an opposite end of the passage, with a passage length that extends between the inlet and the outlet. The passage defines a gap distance in a width direction between the straight sides at the passage inlet. A hopper includes an interior space that terminates at a mouth at the passage inlet. At least one screw is located within the interior space of the hopper and includes a screw diameter in the width direction that is less than or equal to the gap distance.

Abstract translation: 泵系统包括泵，其包括彼此间隔开的第一带和第二带，以在其之间的通道的大致直线侧面提供。 在通道的一端有通道的入口和在通道的相对端的出口，通道长度在入口和出口之间延伸。 通道限定通道入口处的直边之间的宽度方向上的间隙距离。 料斗包括在通道入口处终止于嘴部的内部空间。 至少一个螺钉位于料斗的内部空间内，并且包括宽度方向上的螺杆直径小于或等于间隙距离。

公开(公告)号：US5248316A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-28

申请号：US703882

申请日：1991-05-22

Applicant: Helmut Peise ,  Wolfgang Heinrich ,  Klaus Lucas ,  Jurgen Gorz ,  Manfred Forster ,  Muharrem Kilicaslan

Inventor： Helmut Peise ,  Wolfgang Heinrich ,  Klaus Lucas ,  Jurgen Gorz ,  Manfred Forster ,  Muharrem Kilicaslan

IPC: C01B3/24 ,  C01B3/22 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78

CPC classification number: C10J3/00 ,  C01B3/22 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  C10J2300/1687 ,  C10J2300/1884

Abstract: A reactor (7) for gasifying materials that contain carbon under pressure has a tube wall (20) that has coolant flowing through it and is lined with a refractory material (21). The outlet (9) from the reactor (7) points down and opens into a cooler (10). The reactor is accommodated in a pressurized vessel (1) along with the cooler (10) and can be released and removed independently.

Abstract translation: 用于气化含有压力下的碳的材料的反应器（7）具有管壁（20），其具有流过其中的冷却剂并且衬有耐火材料（21）。 来自反应器（7）的出口（9）指向下并且打开到冷却器（10）中。 反应器与冷却器（10）一起容纳在加压容器（1）中，并且可以独立地释放和移除。

公开(公告)号：US4568361A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-04

申请号：US679541

申请日：1984-12-07

Applicant: Joseph C. Firey

Inventor： Joseph C. Firey

IPC: C10J3/04 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/78 ,  E21B43/243

CPC classification number: E21B43/243 ,  C10J3/04 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/82 ,  C10J2200/09 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S48/06

Abstract: A cyclic char gasifier process and apparatus are described wherein reactant gases are first compressed into the pores of a char fuel to react and then the reacted gases are expanded out of the char fuel pores. This cycle of compression and expansion is repeated with fresh reactant gases supplied for each compression and with reacted gases removed at each expansion. Air and steam are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be gasified by oxidation. Reacted gases from such an oxidation gasifier plant are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be partially gasified by devolatilization. Rapid reaction to a rich product gas can occur over the large surface area inside the char pores and the undesirable Neumann reversion reaction is suppressed by the strongly reducing conditions prevailing therein. The gases of devolatilization gasification can be used to enrichen the gases of oxidation gasification by using two cyclic char gasifier plants in a combination system. The char fuel can be placed into sealed pressure vessel containers or can be gasified in place within an underground coal formation. These cyclic char gasifier plants and systems can produce a network output, one or more fuel gases, a devolatilized char, and a partially oxidized coke as principal products and the proportions of these products can be adjusted over a wide range to match market needs.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种循环焦化气化器工艺和装置，其中首先将反应气体压缩到焦炭燃料的孔中进行反应，然后反应的气体从焦炭燃料孔中膨胀出来。 用每次压缩提供的新鲜反应气体和每次膨胀时除去反应的气体来重复这种压缩和膨胀循环。 当炭燃料通过氧化气化时，空气和蒸汽是优选的反应气体。 来自这种氧化气化炉设备的反应气体是当焦炭燃料通过脱挥发分部分气化时的优选的反应气体。 对丰富的产物气体的快速反应可以在焦炭孔内的大表面积上发生，并且不期望的诺依曼逆转反应被其中主要的强烈还原条件抑制。 挥发气化气体可用于通过在组合系统中使用两个循环气化炉装置来浓缩氧化气化气体。 炭燃料可以放置在密封的压力容器容器中，或者可以在地下煤层内气化到位。 这些循环焦化气化炉设备和系统可以产生一个网络输出，一个或多个燃料气体，脱挥发分的焦炭和部分氧化焦炭作为主要产品，并且这些产品的比例可以在很大的范围内进行调整以匹配市场需求。

公开(公告)号：US4328007A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-04

申请号：US169600

申请日：1980-07-17

Applicant: Aruth Rafael

Inventor： Aruth Rafael

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/86 ,  F22B1/18 ,  C10J3/20

CPC classification number: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/86 ,  F22B1/1846 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: An arrangement for pressure gasification of fine-grain coal in which the exit of a reactor is followed by a waste heat boiler for cooling the generated gas. The waste heat boiler has a radiation section and downstream heat exchanger surfaces. The reactor is provided, furthermore, with cooling cubes which are studded and lined with refractory ramming mix. The radiant type heating surfaces are sized so that the gas temperature at the exit of the radiation section is situated below the ash sintering temperature of the coal being used. On gas sides, the radiation section is followed by a pressure vessel accommodating convection type heating surface banks which are swept by the generated gas. The radiation section may be in the form of two gas passages through which the gas flows successively. These gas passages are formed by the tube walls welded between each other in a gas-type manner.

Abstract translation: 用于对其中出口的反应器的废气加热锅炉进行压气化的装置，用于冷却所产生的气体。 废热锅炉具有辐射段和下游热交换器表面。 此外，还提供了具有冷却立方体的反应器，散热立方体镶嵌并衬有耐火捣打混合物。 辐射型加热表面的尺寸使辐射部分出口处的气体温度低于所使用煤的灰烧结温度。 在气体侧，辐射部分之后是容纳对流式加热表面堤的压力容器，其被产生的气体扫过。 辐射部分可以是两个气体通道的形式，气体通过该气体通道依次流动。 这些气体通道由以气体类型的方式彼此焊接的管壁形成。