摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for determining the size of particles within a fluidized bed reactor. The pressure of gas adjacent a gas inlet and adjacent a gas outlet of the reactor are measured with pressure sensors. An algorithm is applied to at least one of the pressure measurements to determine the size of particles within the reactor. The determined size of the particles can be used to control the operation of the reactor. A dosing system and method is provided for measuring defined volumes of particles for transport to the reactor.
摘要:
There is disclosed a polycrystal silicon manufacturing apparatus including a reaction pipe configured to provide a reaction space where seed silicon grows into polycrystal silicon, a flowing-gas supply unit configured to supply flowing gas to the seed silicon and the polycrystal silicon provided in the reaction pipe, a sensing unit configured to output level information based on the height of a fluidized bed which is changeable according to the growth of the polycrystal silicon, and a particle outlet configured to exhaust the polycrystal silicon formed in the reaction pipe outside, when the height of the fluidized bed corresponding to the level information is larger than an exhaustion start height of the fluidized bed corresponding to a start level.
摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for determining the size of particles within a fluidized bed reactor. The pressure of gas adjacent a gas inlet and adjacent a gas outlet of the reactor are measured with pressure sensors. An algorithm is applied to at least one of the pressure measurements to determine the size of particles within the reactor. The determined size of the particles can be used to control the operation of the reactor. A dosing system and method is provided for measuring defined volumes of particles for transport to the reactor.
摘要:
A process for heating a polymer-containing stream being transferred from a polymerization reactor to a separation zone or device is described, comprising passing the stream through a heater comprising at least one transfer line for the stream and means for heating the transfer line, wherein the average particle size of the solid polymer is less than 3 mm, the mass flowrate of the polymer-containing stream exiting the heater is no more than 15% greater than the mass flowrate exiting the reactor, and the average velocity of the polymer-containing stream at 80% along the length of the heated part of the transfer line measured from the transfer line inlet is at least 6 m/s, preferably at least 8 m/s and more preferably at least 10 m/s and the pressure drop across the transfer line is between 0.01 bar/m and 0.2 bar/m.
摘要:
Disclosed is a catalyst injection nozzle that comprises an outer tube with an open end, a nozzle tip with a diameter connected to the outer tube open end, an orifice connected to the nozzle tip internal to the outer tube, an internal mixing zone connected to the orifice internal to the outer tube, an inner tube residing within the outer tube further comprising an open end connected to the internal mixing zone, where a steady-state, uniform two-phase flow regime between an atomizing gas and at least one liquid catalyst feed does not form in the internal mixing zone at an atomizing gas to liquid catalyst feed flow ratio of about 0.05 to about 10.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing mineral particles (p) from mineral species precursors, said process comprising a step (E) in which a fluid medium (F) containing said precursors in solution and/or dispersed in a solvent is injected into a reactor containing CO2 in the supercritical state by way of an injection nozzle opening into a zone where the supercritical CO2 is at a temperature greater than or equal to the temperature for conversion of the precursors into corresponding mineral species.The invention also relates to the particles (p) as obtained by the process, as well as uses thereof.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles which may be optionally coated. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles characterized in that precursors are subjected to substantially the same amount of activation energy or combination of activation energies in the activation zone at a predetermined concentration of precursors and at a predetermined time of exposure to the activation energy/energies. Furthermore, the present invention relates to nanoparticles produced by the methods according to the present invention. Finally, the present invention concerns a device for producing nanoparticles according to the method of the present invention. The invention provides for a tighter particle size distribution of the generated nanoparticles. The activation energy is selected from the group of RF, MW, IR, plasma, heat and photon absorption.
摘要:
A continuous process for the production of dried superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) the polymerization reaction is carried out either in an initially homogenous aqueous monomer solution (bulk aqueous solution polymerization) or in a heterogeneous water-in-oil reactant mixture (reverse phase suspension or emulsion polymerization) within a continuous closed polymerization reactor, then the resulting polymer gel is dried within a continuous moved bed in a closed dryer, avoiding the needs of standard intermediate maturity tank(s).
摘要:
The invention relates to a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and a heater. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel; the heater provides heat to the reformer. Multipass reformer and heater chambers are described that reduce fuel processor size. Single layer fuel processors include reformer and heater chambers in a compact form factor that is well suited for portable applications. Some fuel processors described herein place an electrically resistive material in contact with a thermally conductive material to heat fuel entering the fuel processor. This is particularly useful during start-up of the fuel processor. Fuel processors described may also include features that facilitate assembly.
摘要:
A combined process for the conversion of solid starting particles into solid intermediate particles and reducing the median diameter of the intermediate particles to obtain product particles. This process involves flowing a suspension of starting particles through a series of at least two conversion vessels, thereby converting at least part of the starting particles into intermediate particles, adding a supercritical fluid to one or more of the conversion vessels, thereby forming a supercritical suspension, and releasing pressure from the supercritical suspension, thereby expanding the suspension and converting the intermediate particles into product particles.