Abstract:
Provided are a hardmask composition, a method of preparing the same, and a method of forming a patterned layer using the hardmask composition. The hardmask composition may include graphene quantum dots, a metal compound, and a solvent. The metal compound may be chemically bonded (e.g., covalently bonded) to the graphene quantum dots. The metal compound may include a metal oxide. The metal oxide may include at least one of zirconium (Zr) oxide, titanium (Ti) oxide, tungsten (W) oxide, or aluminum (Al) oxide. The graphene quantum dots may be bonded to the metal compound by an M-O—C bond or an M-C bond, where M is a metal element, O is oxygen, and C is carbon.
Abstract:
A pellicle for a photomask, a reticle including the same, and an exposure apparatus for lithography are provided. The pellicle may include a pellicle membrane, and the pellicle membrane may include nanocrystalline graphene. The nanocrystalline graphene may have defects. The nanocrystalline graphene may include a plurality of nanoscale crystal grains, and the nanoscale crystal grains may include a two-dimensional (2D) carbon structure having an aromatic ring structure. The defects of the nanocrystalline graphene may include at least one of an sp3 carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a carbon vacancy.
Abstract:
A hybrid interconnect structure includes a graphene layer between a non-metallic material layer and a metal layer, and a first interfacial bonding layer between the non-metallic material layer and the graphene layer, or the metal layer and the graphene layer. The graphene layer connects the non-metallic material layer and the metal layer, and the first bonding layer includes a metallic material.
Abstract:
A wiring structure may include at least two conductive material layers and a two-dimensional layered material layer in an interface between the at least two conductive material layers. The two-dimensional layered material layer may include a grain expander layer which causes grain size of a conductive material layer which is on the two-dimensional layered material layer to be increased. Increased grain size may result in resistance of the second conductive material layer to be reduced. As a result, the total resistance of the wiring structure may be reduced. The two-dimensional layered material layer may contribute to reducing a total thickness of the wiring structure. Thus, a low-resistance and high-performance wiring structure without an increase in a thickness thereof may be implemented.
Abstract:
Example embodiments relate to electrode materials, secondary batteries including the electrode materials, and methods of manufacturing the electrode materials and the secondary batteries. An electrode material may include a foam structure having a plurality of pores and a plurality of nanostructures disposed in the plurality of pores. The foam structure may include a graphene foam structure. The plurality of nanostructures may include at least one of a nanoparticle and a nanorod. The plurality of nanostructures may include a material capable of accommodating/discharging ions. The electrode material may be used as an anode material of a secondary battery.
Abstract:
An electronic device includes first and second electrodes that are spaced apart from each other and a 2D material layer. The 2D material layer connects the first and second electrodes. The 2D material layer includes a plurality of 2D nanomaterials. At least some of the 2D nanomaterials overlap one another.
Abstract:
A semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip on a substrate, a thermal conductive film on a lower surface of the semiconductor chip, the thermal conductive film facing the substrate, and a molding member on the substrate and surrounding a sidewall of the semiconductor chip.
Abstract:
A hardmask composition includes a first material including one of an aromatic ring-containing monomer and a polymer containing a repeating unit including an aromatic ring-containing monomer, a second material including at least one of a hexagonal boron nitride and a precursor thereof, a chalcogenide-based material and a precursor thereof, and a two-dimensional carbon nanostructure and a precursor thereof, the two-dimensional carbon nanostructure containing about 0.01 atom % to about 40 atom % of oxygen, and a solvent.
Abstract:
Example embodiments relate to a wiring structure, a method of forming the same, and an electronic device employing the same. The wiring structure includes a first conductive material layer and a nanocrystalline graphene layer on the first conductive material layer in direct contact with the metal layer.