摘要:
A system and associated method for producing an HOCl solution and an NaOH solution includes a generator operable for producing the HOCl and NaOH solutions utilizing electricity and a mixture of water and brine in an electrolysis cell. The generator includes a mechanical fixed flow restrictor (FFR) operable for controlling at least one of a pH of the HOCl solution and a free available chlorine (FAC) of the HOCl solution. The FFR includes an insert having a longitudinal fluid passageway. The length of the insert and the diameter of the fluid passageway are selected to control the pH of the HOCl solution and/or the FAC of the HOCl solution. The FFR is interchangeable so that the pH of the HOCl solution and/or the FAC of the HOCl solution can be precisely controlled.
摘要:
The presently disclosed subject matter is generally directed to a system and method of reducing, reacting, and/or removing an oxidant or unwanted chemical species from a chemical stream. Particularly, the system and method include the use of one or more reductants that react with the undesired chemical species. The reductant and the chemical stream are added to a reactor and allowed to react for a desired amount of time. The reductant will reduce, react with, and/or remove the chemical species from the stream. The excess reductant and reaction products are then removed from the reactor, as described in more detail herein below.
摘要:
An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.
摘要:
Process for making a chelating agent according to the general formula (I), R1—CH(COOX1)—N(CH2COOX1)2 wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, CH2OH, and CH2CH2COOX1, X1 is (MχH1−χ), M being selected from alkali metal, x is in the range of from 0.6 to 1, said process comprising the following steps: (a) providing a solid, a slurry or a solution of a compound according to general formula (II a) R1—CH(COOX2)—N(CH2CN)2 wherein X2 is (MyH1−y), M being selected from alkali metal, y is in the range of from zero to 1, (b) contacting said solid or slurry or solution with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide, wherein the molar ratio of alkali metal ions to nitrile groups is in the range of from 0.6:1 to 0.95:1, (c) reacting said compound according to general formula (II a) with said alkali metal hydroxide.
摘要:
To provide a cation exchange membrane which is less susceptible to swelling or elongation during electrolysis of a potassium chloride aqueous solution even without permitting water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting it in an electrolyzer, and a method whereby it possible to stably produce a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution without necessity to conduct an operation for water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting the membrane in the electrolyzer. A cation exchange membrane comprising a polymer having cation exchange groups, wherein in cations (100 mol %) contained in the cation exchange membrane, the total of potassium ions and sodium ions is at least 99 mol %, and in the total (100 mol %) of potassium ions and sodium ions contained in the cation exchange membrane, the potassium ions are 80-98 mol % and the sodium ions are 20-2 mol %,
摘要:
This invention provide processes for producing carboxylic acid product, along with useful salts. The carboxylic acid product that is produced according to this invention is preferably a C2-C12 carboxylic acid. Among the salts produced in the process of the invention are ammonium salts.
摘要:
A method is provided for producing separated substances, particularly metal compounds, the dopant element amounts of which have been controlled by the use of an apparatus that processes fluid between the processing surfaces of a processing member that can be made to approach/separate and which rotate relative to each other. The substance to be separated is separated by mixing a raw material solution, wherein the substance to be separated is solubilized in a solvent, with the solvent for separation and with the dopant element or dopant element-containing substance solubilized in at least one solvent selected from the solvent of said raw material solution, said solvent for separation or a solvent other than that of said raw material solution or said solution for separation. Separated substances with controlled dopant element amounts are obtained by controlling the solubility of the dopant element or dopant element-containing substance in the solvent for separation.
摘要:
Basic hydrogen peroxide used in chemical oxygen lasers can be produced using a lithium based lithium hydroxide with a lithium hydroxide makeup of the reacted basic hydrogen peroxide. Lithium hydroxide, water and hydrogen peroxide are mixed and 1) passed over a lithium hydroxide solid bed or 2) premixed with small particulate solid lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The basic hydrogen peroxide produced is chilled and stored cold until mixed with chlorine to produce singlet delta oxygen for use in the chemical oxygen iodine laser. The spent basic hydrogen peroxide is rejuvenated by passing it over a solid lithium hydroxide or in-situ solid particulate lithium hydroxides. After dissolution, the rejuvenated basic hydrogen peroxide is then reacted with chlorine to produce more singlet delta oxygen.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for producing an alkali metal hydroxide by a chlor-alkali electrolysis (1), wherein an alkali metal chloride solution is electrolyzed in order to form alkali metal hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen, wherein at least a part of the alkali metal chloride used in the electrolysis is prepared by neutralizing (2) an alkali metal carbonate with chlorine or hydrogen chloride.
摘要:
The specification describes a process for recovering alkali metal hydroxides from an organic liquor such as black liquors derived from pulping wood chips. The organic liquor is burned in a fluidised bed combustion furnace containing fluidised particles of an iron rich mixed oxide of an alkali metal and iron. Particles of alkali metal ferrite are extracted from the furnace and dissolved in a solution of alkali metal hydroxide to form a more concentrated solution of alkali metal hydroxide and a precipitate of the iron rich mixed oxides of alkali metal and iron. A mixed oxide disclosed in the specification generally has the following formula: NaFe.sub.5 O.sub.8.4H.sub.2 O.