公开(公告)号：US4710346A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-01

申请号：US689839

申请日：1985-01-09

Applicant: Axel Rossman

Inventor： Axel Rossman

IPC: B22F9/00 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C03B19/10 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/584 ,  C04B35/626 ,  C23C14/22 ,  C23C16/44

CPC classification number: C23C16/4417 ,  B22F9/00 ,  B22F9/008 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C03B19/1005 ,  C03B19/1015 ,  C03B19/106 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/584 ,  C04B35/626 ,  C23C14/22 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing powders comprising converting a solid starting material from the solid state to the gaseous or vapor phase, and forming powder particles by transferring the starting material in gaseous or vapor phase into a sealed reaction chamber with nucleation agents. The reaction chamber includes a wall of bellows construction to enable the chamber to expand and contract and a radiation reflecting coating is provided on at least a portion of the wall. The reaction chamber is subjected to one or more conditions of outer space. The powder particles can be supplied to a shaping stage in which the powder particles are compressed into compacts or formed into the final shape of a desired component.

Abstract translation: 一种用于制造粉末的方法和装置，包括将固体原料从固态转化为气态或气相，并通过将气相或气相中的原料转移到具有成核剂的密封反应室中来形成粉末颗粒。 反应室包括波纹管结构的壁，以使得室能够膨胀和收缩，并且在壁的至少一部分上设置辐射反射涂层。 反应室受到外部空间的一个或多个条件的影响。 粉末颗粒可以被供给到其中粉末颗粒被压缩成压块或形成所需组分的最终形状的成形阶段。

公开(公告)号：US4666561A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-19

申请号：US761310

申请日：1985-07-30

Applicant: Eugene R. DuFresne

Inventor： Eugene R. DuFresne

IPC: A23C1/12 ,  A23F5/34 ,  B01D1/16 ,  B01D3/10 ,  B22F9/02

CPC classification number: A23C1/12 ,  A23F5/34 ,  B01D1/16 ,  B01D3/10 ,  B22F9/026 ,  Y10S159/16 ,  Y10S159/90 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: Liquids, such as juices, milk, molten metal and the like are concentrated by forming uniformly-sized, small droplets in a precision droplet forming assembly (14) and deploying the droplets in free fall downwardly as a central column within an evacuated tower (12) having cool walls (32). A portion of the solvent evaporates. The vapor flows to the wall (32), condenses, and usually flows down the wall as a film (62) to condensate collector (26) and drain (28). The vertical column of freely-falling droplets enters the splash guard (68). The condensate can be collected, sent to other towers or recycled.

Abstract translation: 通过在精确的液滴形成组件（14）中形成均匀尺寸的小液滴，将液体（如果汁，牛奶，熔融金属等）集中，并将液滴自由落下，作为抽空塔（12）内的中心柱 ）具有冷壁（32）。 一部分溶剂蒸发。 蒸汽流到壁（32），冷凝，并且通常作为膜（62）沿着壁向下流到冷凝物收集器（26）和排出管（28）。 自由落下的液滴的垂直柱进入防溅罩（68）。 冷凝水可以收集，送到其他塔或回收利用。

公开(公告)号：US4896849A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-30

申请号：US66450

申请日：1987-06-26

Applicant: Philip I. Moynihan

Inventor： Philip I. Moynihan

IPC: B64G1/22 ,  C30B30/08 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H02N11/006 ,  B64G1/22 ,  C30B30/08 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: A system is described for maintaining a sample material in a molten state and away from the walls of a container in a microgravity environment, as in a space vehicle. A plurality of sources of electromagnetic radiation, such as an infrared wavelength, are spaced about the object, with the total net electromagnetic radiation applied to the object being sufficient to maintain it in a molten state, and with the vector sum of the applied radiation being in a direction to maintain the sample close to a predetermined location away from the walls of a container surrounding the sample. For a processing system in a space vehicle that orbits the Earth, the net radiation vector is opposite the velocity of the orbiting vehicle.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种系统，用于在微重力环境中保持样品材料处于熔融状态并远离容器的壁，如在太空车辆中。 诸如红外波长的多个电磁辐射源围绕物体隔开，施加到物体的总净电磁辐射足以使其保持在熔融状态，并且所施加的辐射的矢量和为 在保持样品接近远离包围样品的容器的壁的预定位置的方向上。 对于轨道运行在地球上的太空车辆的处理系统，净辐射矢量与轨道车辆的速度相反。

公开(公告)号：US3592628A

公开(公告)日：1971-07-13

申请号：US3592628D

申请日：1968-10-22

Applicant: NASA

Inventor： WUENSCHER HANS F

IPC: C22C1/08 ,  C21C7/00

CPC classification number: C22C1/08 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C22C2001/083 ,  Y10S75/96 ,  Y10T428/12479 ,  B22F2202/09

Abstract: A METHOD OF MAKING HOMOGENEOUS FOAMED MATERIALS BY MIXING TWO OR MORE MATERIALS HAVING DIFFERENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN A ZERO-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT. THE MATERIALS ARE STORED AS LIQUIDS, GASES AND SOLIDS, THE SOLID MATERIALS BEING IN PARTICLES LIKE POWDERS AND FIBERS. WHEN MAKING A HOMOGENEOUS SOLID STRUCTURE FROM TWO OR MORE SOLID MATERIALS THE SOLID MATERIALS ARE HEATED TO CHANGE THE STATE OF ONE OR MORE OF THE MATERIALS TO A LIQUID FOR MIXING. A FOAMED MATERIAL CAN BE MADE BY DECOMPOSITION OF ONE MATEIAL IN A LIQUID OR BY INJECTION OF AN INERT GAS INTO A LIQUID. INERT GAS CAN ALSO BE INJECTED INTO A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF A LIQUID AND SOLID PARTICLES. THE MIXTURE IS THEN AGITATED SO AS TO FORM A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS OR GASES IN LIQUIDS. DUE TO THE ABSENCE OF GRAVITY FORCESS, I.E., DEAD WEIGHT, IT IS POSSIBLE TO UNIFORMLY DISPERSE SOLID PARTICLES OR A GAS WITHIN A LIQUID AND THERE IS NO TENDENCY TO SEPARATE OUT SINCE SETTLING OF THE HEAVIER MATERIALS IS ELIMINATED. SINCE THERE IS NO TENDENCY TO SEPARATE THE MIXTURE CAN BE COOLED AT LENGTH TO FORM A DESIRED HOMOGENEOUS MATERIAL.

公开(公告)号：US5536378A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US309990

申请日：1994-09-20

Applicant: Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

Inventor： Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

IPC: C01B5/00 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C21B3/04 ,  C22B1/00 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/04

CPC classification number: C21B3/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P10/138 ,  Y02P10/212 ,  Y02P20/134 ,  Y02W30/542 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: A reactor apparatus for production of Lunar oxygen uses feed stocks comprising a particulate hydrogen-reducible enriched feed in the size range from about 20-200 microns, containing 80-90% Lunar ilmenite (FeTiO.sub.3) and ferrous Lunar agglutinates. The reactor apparatus has three vertically spaced fluidized zones with downcomers from the upper to the central fluidized zone and openings for introducing a hydrogen-containing gas stream through the lower fluidized zone. A solid-to-gas RF-dielectric heater has a ceramic honeycomb with small parallel channels separated by thin, ceramic walls and electrodes surrounding the honeycomb connected to an external RF power source for heating the gas stream to a reducing reaction temperature. A top inlet introduces the enriched feed into the upper fluidized zone for fluidization therein and flow into middle and lower fluidized zones countercurrent to the flow of the gas stream. A solid-state electrolyzer is composed of calcium oxide- or yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia ceramic fabricated by sintering or slipcasting into a perforated cylindrical shape having platinum electrodes on outer and inner longitudinal surfaces thereof. The electrolyzer cylinder is mounted inside two disk-shaped, impermeable ceramic baffles and centered inside a refractory-lined metal pressure shell. Gaseous effluent containing an equilibrium amount of water from the central fluidized zone passes through the electrolyzer for continuous electrolysis of the water. Apparatus is provided for separating oxygen from the electrolyzer and recycling hydrogen to the gas stream.

Abstract translation: 用于生产月球氧的反应器装置使用包含大约20-200微米的颗粒状氢稀释富集进料的原料，其含有80-90％的月桂钛铁矿（FeTiO 3）和亚铁月桂凝集物。 反应器装置具有三个垂直间隔的流化区，其具有从上到中流化区的降液管和用于将含氢气流引入下流化区的开口。 固体 - 气体RF电介质加热器具有陶瓷蜂窝体，其具有由薄的陶瓷壁分隔的小平行通道和围绕连接到外部RF电源的蜂窝电极，用于将气流加热至还原反应温度。 顶部入口将富集的进料引入上部流化区以在其中流化，并且流入与气流的流动逆流的中间和下部流化区。 固态电解器由氧化钙或氧化钇稳定的氧化锆陶瓷构成，其通过在其外表面和内纵向表面上具有铂电极的烧结或滑移到具有多孔圆柱形状的方式制造。 电解槽安装在两个盘状的不可渗透的陶瓷挡板内，并在耐火材料衬里的金属压力壳内居中。 含有来自中央流化区的平衡量的水的气态流出物通过电解槽以连续电解水。 提供了用于从电解器中分离氧气并将氢气再循环到气流中的装置。

公开(公告)号：US5516481A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

申请号：US299858

申请日：1994-09-01

Applicant: Kozo Ishizaki ,  Makoto Nanko

Inventor： Kozo Ishizaki ,  Makoto Nanko

IPC: B01J19/00 ,  B22F1/00 ,  B22F3/15 ,  B22F9/00 ,  B29C39/42 ,  B29C67/00 ,  B29D22/04 ,  B29D99/00 ,  B01J3/06

CPC classification number: B29D22/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B22F1/0081 ,  B22F3/15 ,  B22F9/00 ,  B29C39/42 ,  B29C67/00 ,  B29D99/0042 ,  B29L2031/54 ,  B29L2031/7734 ,  Y10S75/953 ,  Y10S75/96 ,  Y10T29/49712 ,  Y10T29/49805

Abstract: A pressure medium composed of plural kinds of fluids each of which have a different density is charged in a pressure chamber forming, for example, fluid layers. A material is suspended by way of buoyancy brought by this pressure medium. By properly controlling the density of the pressure medium of plural kinds of fluids, various kinds of materials having different densities can be supported in a suspending state at an almost constant pressure. The apparatus and the method processes the material under a state of compensated-gravitation, and is capable of forming an easy-handling weightless state for a long period of time at low cost in a simple manner for ease of handling of the material being processed and can contribute to developing useful materials and novel materials and to the supplying of them in bulk.

Abstract translation: 将由各种密度不同的多种流体组成的压力介质装入形成例如流体层的压力室中。 材料通过该压力介质带来的浮力而悬挂。 通过适当地控制多种流体的压力介质的密度，可以将具有不同密度的各种材料以几乎恒定的压力支撑在悬挂状态。 该装置和方法在补偿重力的状态下处理材料，并且能够以简单的方式以低成本长时间地形成易于处理的失重状态，以便易于处理正在加工的材料， 可以有助于开发有用的材料和新材料，并大量供应它们。

公开(公告)号：US4948477A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-14

申请号：US118414

申请日：1987-11-06

Applicant: Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

Inventor： Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

IPC: C01B5/00 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C21B3/04 ,  C22B1/00 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/04

CPC classification number: C21B3/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P10/138 ,  Y02P10/212 ,  Y02P20/134 ,  Y02W30/542 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: A manufacturing plant and process for production of oxygen on the moon uses lunar minerals as feed and a minimum of earth-imported, process materials. Lunar feed stocks are hydrogen-reducible minerals, ilmenite and lunar agglutinates occurring in numerous, explored locations mixed with other minerals in the pulverized surface layer of lunar soil known as regolith. Ilmenite (FeTiO.sub.3) and agglutinates contain ferrous (Fe.sup.+2) iron reducible by hydrogen to yield H.sub.2 O and metallic Fe at about 700.degree.-1,200.degree. C. The H.sub.2 O is electrolyzed in gas phase to yield H.sub.2 for recycle and O.sub.2 for storage and use. Hydrogen losses to lunar vacuum are minimized, with no net hydrogen (or any other earth-derived reagent) consumption except for small leaks. Feed minerals are surface-mined by front shovels and transported in trucks to the processing area. The machines are manned or robotic. Ilmenite and agglutinates occur mixed with silicate minerals which are not hydrogen-reducible at 700.degree.-1,200.degree. C. and consequently are separated and concentrated before feeding to the oxygen generation process. Solids rejected from the separation step and reduced solids from the oxygen process are returned to the mine area. The plant is powered by nuclear or solar power generators. Vapor-phase water electrolysis, a staged, countercurrent, fluidized bed reduction reactor and a radio-frequency-driven ceramic gas heater are used to improve thermal efficiency.

Abstract translation: 月球上生产氧气的制造工厂和过程使用月球矿物作为饲料，还有最少的地球进口加工材料。 月球饲料是氢可还原矿物，钛铁矿和月球凝集物发生在许多被勘探的地点与其他矿物质混合在被称为regolith的月球土壤的粉碎表面层中。 钛铁矿（FeTiO3）和凝集物含有可由氢还原的亚铁（Fe + 2）铁，在约700-1200℃下产生H 2 O和金属Fe。将H 2 O在气相中电解以产生用于再循环的H 2和用于储存和使用的O 2 。 对月球真空的氢损失最小化，没有净氢（或任何其他地球衍生的试剂）消耗，除了小的泄漏。 饲料矿物由前铲挖掘并用卡车运输到加工区域。 机器有人或机器人。 钛铁矿和凝集物与在700°-1200℃不能氢还原的硅酸盐矿物混合，因此在进料到氧气生成过程之前分离和浓缩。 从分离步骤排出的固体和从氧气过程中还原的固体返回到矿区。 该厂由核能或太阳能发电机供电。 使用气相水电解，分级，逆流，流化床还原反应器和射频驱动陶瓷气体加热器来提高热效率。

公开(公告)号：US5348696A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-20

申请号：US479419

申请日：1990-02-12

Applicant: Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

Inventor： Michael A. Gibson ,  Christian W. Knudsen

IPC: C01B5/00 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C21B3/04 ,  C22B1/00 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/04 ,  C04B35/64 ,  C04B35/46

CPC classification number: C21B3/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P10/138 ,  Y02P10/212 ,  Y02P20/134 ,  Y02W30/542 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: A feed material which is a mixture of chemically reduced lunar ilmenite and lunar agglutinates having a particle size in the range of 20-200 microns produced by hydrogen reduction in a fine particulate state is compacted into a shape and sintered to produce structural, radiation shielding construction blocks or bricks.

Abstract translation: 作为化学还原的月球钛铁矿和月球凝集体的混合物的原料，其粒径在20-200微米的范围内，通过在细颗粒状态的氢还原产生，被压实成形并烧结以产生结构，辐射屏蔽结构 块或砖。

公开(公告)号：US5102449A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-07

申请号：US754316

申请日：1991-09-04

Applicant: Christian A. B. Ducrocq ,  Marcel Garnier ,  Gerard Lemaitre ,  Pascal J. Rivat ,  Pierre M. Vernay

Inventor： Christian A. B. Ducrocq ,  Marcel Garnier ,  Gerard Lemaitre ,  Pascal J. Rivat ,  Pierre M. Vernay

IPC: C21C5/52 ,  C22B9/16 ,  C22B9/22

CPC classification number: C22B9/221 ,  C21C5/5241 ,  C22B9/16 ,  Y02P10/253 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: In a method of remelting metallic materials, particularly nickel-based superalloys, in which the melting operation is carried out in a cooled copper crucible under clean vacuum conditions by means of electromagnetic inductors, the magnetic field applied to the mass of molten metal has a frequency between 50 Hz and 5.times.10.sup.6 Hz, preferably between 5.times.10.sup.3 Hz and 5.times.10.sup.5 Hz, so as to effect simultaneously electromagnetic stirring of the liquid metal and a surface concentration at the cold walls of the mass to be recast of all the non-conductive particles, especially ceramic inclusions, thereby achieving an inclusion decanting.

Abstract translation: 在重熔金属材料，特别是镍基超级合金的方法中，其中通过电磁感应器在清洁的真空条件下在冷却的铜坩埚中进行熔化操作，施加到熔融金属块的磁场具有频率 在50Hz和5×106Hz之间，优选在5×103Hz和5×105Hz之间，以便同时实现液态金属的电磁搅拌和在该物质的冷壁处的表面浓度，以重铸所有非导电颗粒，特别是陶瓷 夹杂物，从而实现包含倾析。

公开(公告)号：US4758267A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-19

申请号：US811992

申请日：1985-12-23

Applicant: George W. Webb

Inventor： George W. Webb

IPC: A61K9/50 ,  B03C1/035 ,  B03C3/00 ,  B22F1/00 ,  B22F9/00 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C30B23/00 ,  C30B30/08

CPC classification number: B03C1/035 ,  A61K9/5094 ,  B03C3/00 ,  B22F1/004 ,  B22F9/00 ,  B22F9/12 ,  C30B23/007 ,  C30B30/08 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  Y10S75/952 ,  Y10S75/96

Abstract: In a system and method for producing ultrafine particles and ultrafine fibers of a given source material by evaporating and condensing the material in a gas atmosphere that includes inert gas. A smaller, more narrow size distribution is accomplished by producing the particles and fibers in a microgravity environment in order to reduce particle coalescence caused by convection currents. Particle coalescence also is reduced in an Earth gravity environment by controlling the convection currents. Condensed particles are collected either by providing an electrostatic field or a spatially varying magnetic field or by causing the gas to move through a filter which collects the particles. Nonferromagnetic material fibers are produced and collected by electrodes which produce an electro- static field. Ferromagnetic particles are collected by spatially varying magnetic fields.

Abstract translation: 在通过在包括惰性气体的气体气氛中蒸发和冷凝材料的用于生产给定源材料的超细颗粒和超细纤维的系统和方法中。 通过在微重力环境中生产颗粒和纤维来实现更小，更窄的尺寸分布，以便减少由对流引起的颗粒聚结。 通过控制对流，在地球重力环境中颗粒聚结也减少。 通过提供静电场或空间变化的磁场或通过使气体移动通过收集颗粒的过滤器来收集冷凝颗粒。 非铁磁材料纤维由产生静电场的电极产生和收集。 铁磁颗粒通过空间变化的磁场收集。