摘要:
There are provided methods for the valorization of carbohydrates. The methods comprise reacting a fluid comprising at least one carbohydrate with at least one metal catalyst or at least one metal catalytic system in a fluidized bed reactor so as to obtain at least one organic acid or a derivative thereof.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for jointly producing (i) formic acid (III); (ii) a carboxylic acid comprising at least two carbon atoms (II) and/or the derivatives thereof; and (iii) a carboxylic acid anhydride (VII). According to said method, (a) a formic acid ester (I) is transesterfied to formic acid (III) and the corresponding carboxylic acid ester (IV) by means of a carboxylic acid comprising at least two carbon atoms (II); (b) at least one portion of the carboxylic acid ester (IV) formed in step (a) is carbonylated in order to obtain the carboxylic acid anhydride (V); and (c) at least one portion of the carboxylic acid anhydride (V) formed in step (b) is further dehydrated by means of a carboxylic acid (VI) so as to form a carboxylic acid anhydride (VII) and the carboxylic acid (II).
摘要:
A process for the catalytic addition of nucleophilic agents to alkynes or allenes to form alkenes substituted by the nucleophile which may further react with the nucleophile and/or isomerize comprises using a catalyst comprising a wholly or partly ionized complex of univalent gold.
摘要:
A carbonylation catalyst useful for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid, acetic anhydride or both comprises a polymer support containing pendant pyrrolidone groups which support a rhodium species. Other polymeric supports capable of withstanding carbonylation temperatures of at least 150.degree. C. are disclosed for the carbonylation reaction in which rhodium levels in the reaction medium of greater than 500 ppm are contemplated.
摘要:
A carbonylation catalyst useful for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid, acetic anhydride or both comprises a polymer support containing pendant pyrrolidone groups which support a rhodium species. Other polymeric supports capable of withstanding carbonylation temperatures of at least 150.degree. C. are disclosed for the carbonylation reaction in which rhodium levels in the reaction medium of greater than 500 ppm are contemplated.
摘要:
IN WHICH ONE X is chloro and the other X is hydrogen or each X is chloro; and WITH AIR OR OXYGEN OR WITH 10 TO 30% BY WEIGHT NITRIC ACID TO FORM THE CORRESPONDING CARBOXYLIC ACID FOLLOWED BY CYCLIZATION OF THE LATTER. 1-CHLOROANTHRAQUINONE-2,3-DICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE OR 1,4-DICHLOROANTHRAQUINONE-2,3-DICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE IS OBTAINED IN A GOOD YIELD. Each is a valuable dye intermediate.
A process for the production of an anthraquinone-2,3dicarboxylic anhydride bearing chlorine as a substituent in the 1-position or in the 1- and 4-positions by oxidation of a trimethyl compound of the formula: