公开(公告)号：US5249144A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-28

申请号：US414018

申请日：1989-09-29

申请人： R. Aaron Falk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G06E1/04

CPC分类号： G06E1/04

摘要： A programmable optical arithmetic/logic device employs a first and second plurality of positionally encoded optical light paths. For arithmetic operations, these light paths represent residue numbers. The arithmetic/logic device includes first and second reordering units which are responsive to a third and fourth plurality of light sources serving to select one of a plurality of arithmetic or logic operations to be performed by the arithmetic/logic device. The arithmetic/logic device further employs an optical arithmetic/logic unit which is identically constructed for all of the selectable arithmetic/logic operations and which implements an optical table look-up function to obtain the desired output. Finally, the arithmetic/logic device used an output reordering device to reorder the output of the arithmetic/logic unit depending upon the originally selected arithmetic/logic operation. For arithmetic operations, the final output is provided as an output residue number representation.

摘要翻译： 可编程光学算术/逻辑器件采用第一和第二多个位置编码的光学光路。 对于算术运算，这些光路表示残留数。 算术/逻辑器件包括响应于第三和第四多个光源的第一和第二重排序单元，其用于选择由算术/逻辑器件执行的多个算术或逻辑运算中的一个。 算术/逻辑器件还采用光学运算/逻辑单元，其对于所有可选择的算术/逻辑运算相同地构成，并且实现光学表查找功能以获得期望的输出。 最后，算术/逻辑装置使用输出重排序装置根据最初选择的算术/逻辑运算重新排序算术/逻辑单元的输出。 对于算术运算，最终输出作为输出残差数表示。

公开(公告)号：US5150182A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-22

申请号：US203726

申请日：1988-06-07

申请人： C. David Capps ,  R. Aaron Falk

发明人： C. David Capps ,  R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G11C11/412 ,  G11C11/42 ,  H01L21/66 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/112

CPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  G11C11/412 ,  G11C11/42 ,  H01L31/1126

摘要： A semiconductor device is disclosed in which a long interaction path length is provided for a non-invasive probe beam. In a preferred embodiment, mirror surfaces are etched in the surface of the semiconductor substrate which are used to reflect the probe beam along the longest dimension of a charge carrier region of the semiconductor device. Interaction between the probe beam and the charge carriers present in the region is thereby enhanced.

公开(公告)号：US4947170A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

申请号：US209933

申请日：1988-06-22

申请人： R. Aaron Falk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G02F7/00

CPC分类号： G02F7/00

摘要： A fully optical A/D converter is disclosed in which the difference in light intensity from two outputs of a two-arm interferometer in each channel is detected. The difference in light intensity is varied in accordance with a phase shift in the light passing through one arm of the interferometer. The phase shift is accomplished by the use of a non-linear optical material, the optical properties of which are altered based on the characteristics of an input optical signal to be digitized. Thus, the difference in light intensity corresponds to the magnitude of the input optical signal.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种全光学A / D转换器，其中检测每个通道中双臂干涉仪的两个输出的光强差。 光强度的差别根据通过干涉仪的一个臂的光的相移而变化。 通过使用非线性光学材料来实现相移，该非线性光学材料的光学特性根据要被数字化的输入光信号的特性而改变。 因此，光强度的差异对应于输入光信号的幅度。

公开(公告)号：US4940302A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-10

申请号：US322532

申请日：1989-03-13

申请人： Theodore L. Houk ,  R. Aaron Falk

发明人： Theodore L. Houk ,  R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G02B6/134

CPC分类号： G02B6/1345

摘要： A technique for producing an integrated optics waveguide having a large index of refraction difference with respect to an otherwise similar waveguide that does not utilize the invention. A proton exchange region is formed in a lithium niobate substrate, and a titanium waveguide is formed in the substrate within the proton exchange region. The dimensions of the waveguide and proton exchange region are selected such that substantially all of the field of the lowest guided mode of the waveguide is contained within the proton exchange region. By utilizing such a waveguide as one arm of an interferometer formed in the substrate, a large optical path length difference between the interferometer arms may be created.

摘要翻译： 一种用于制造相对于不使用本发明的另外类似的波导具有大的折射率差的集成光学波导的技术。 在铌酸锂衬底中形成质子交换区，并且在质子交换区内的衬底中形成钛波导。 选择波导和质子交换区域的尺寸使得波导的最低引导模式的基本上所有的场都包含在质子交换区域内。 通过利用形成在衬底中的干涉仪的一个臂的这种波导，可以产生干涉仪臂之间的大的光程差。

公开(公告)号：US4860279A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-22

申请号：US278613

申请日：1988-11-30

申请人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Jeffrey O. Coleman

发明人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Jeffrey O. Coleman

IPC分类号： H04J14/00 ,  H04J14/08

CPC分类号： H04J14/08 ,  H04J14/002

摘要： A coherence multiplexed optical signal transmission system in which modulation is introduced into the system by modulating the optical carrier or source signal, rather than by modulating the optical path length of an interferometer arm. The system comprises a transmitter and receiver interconnected by an optical bus. The transmitter comprises a plurality of transmitter interferometers, each transmitter interferometer including a modulated optical source. The transmitter interferometers have optical path length differences that are greater than the coherence length of the associated source, and that differ from one another by an amount greater than the source coherence length. The receiver comprises a plurality of receiver interferometers having path length differences matching those of the transmitter interferometers. Multiplexing and demultiplexing means are provided for coupling optical radiation between the bus and the interferometers. A detection system is provided that includes an output terminal associated with each receiver interferometer. For each receiver interferometer, an output signal is produced at the associated output terminal when the optical radiation coupled into the receiver interferometer includes a component that has passed through a transmitter interferometer having an output path length difference equal to the optical path length difference of the receiver interferometer, to within the coherence length of the associated source.

摘要翻译： 一种相干复用光信号传输系统，其中通过调制光载波或源信号而不是通过调制干涉仪臂的光路长度将调制引入系统。 该系统包括通过光学总线互连的发射机和接收机。 发射机包括多个发射机干涉仪，每个发射机干涉仪包括调制光源。 发射机干涉仪具有大于相关源的相干长度的光程长度差，并且彼此相差大于源相干长度的量。 接收机包括具有与发射机干涉仪相匹配的路径长度差异的多个接收机干涉仪。 提供多路复用和解复用装置用于在总线和干涉仪之间耦合光辐射。 提供一种检测系统，其包括与每个接收机干涉仪相关联的输出端子。 对于每个接收干涉仪，当耦合到接收机干涉仪中的光辐射包括通过具有等于接收机的光程长度差的输出路径长度差的发射机干涉仪的分量时，在相关联的输出端产生输出信号 干涉仪，在相关源的相干长度内。

公开(公告)号：US20110254459A1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-20

申请号：US13088176

申请日：2011-04-15

申请人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Tram Pham

发明人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Tram Pham

IPC分类号： H05B41/16 ,  F21S4/00

CPC分类号： H05B37/029

摘要： A lamp that produces an infinitely variable range of time, space, and color patterns. The lamp includes a plurality of colored light sources that produce light in at least two different visual spectrums, a single modulation device that generates a modulation scheme for each of the plurality of light sources, a display screen, and a mask that masks off at least a portion of light illuminating the display screen. The generated modulation scheme is produced at a predefined intensity level. A controller selectively alters delivery of the modulation scheme to each of the plurality of light sources. A first switch allows a user to select one of a plurality of modulation schemes. A second switch allows a user to alter the predefined intensity level. A third switch allows a user to select one of a plurality of modulation rates.

摘要翻译： 产生无限可变范围的时间，空间和颜色模式的灯。 该灯包括产生至少两个不同视觉光谱中的光的多个有色光源，为多个光源中的每个光源产生调制方案的单个调制装置，至少屏蔽至少遮光的掩模 照亮显示屏的一部分光。 所产生的调制方案以预定的强度级产生。 控制器选择性地改变对多个光源中的每个光源的调制方案的传递。 第一开关允许用户选择多个调制方案之一。 第二开关允许用户改变预定义的强度水平。 第三开关允许用户选择多个调制率之一。

公开(公告)号：US07952374B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-31

申请号：US12477082

申请日：2009-06-02

申请人： R. Aaron Falk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G01R31/308

CPC分类号： G01R31/311

摘要： An apparatus for analyzing an integrated circuit to which one or more test signals are applied. An example apparatus includes an objective lens that views reflections from the integrated circuit, a device that houses at least two optical fibers, a component that receives reflections from the objective lens and directs the received reflections to the device, and a photo-diode that receives a reflection received by the device. The apparatus includes a beam splitter that directs reflections from the integrated circuit to a detector. A processing device generates an image signal based on a signal received from the detector and a display outputs an image based on the image signal. The component includes a scan mirror that reflects the collimated reflections to a collimating lens that focuses the reflections from the scan mirror toward the device.

摘要翻译： 一种用于分析应用了一个或多个测试信号的集成电路的装置。 示例性装置包括物镜，该物镜观察来自集成电路的反射，容纳至少两根光纤的装置，从物镜接收反射并将接收的反射引导到装置的部件，以及接收 设备收到的反射。 该装置包括将集成电路的反射引导到检测器的分束器。 处理装置基于从检测器接收的信号生成图像信号，并且显示器基于图像信号输出图像。 该组件包括将准直反射反射到将来自扫描镜的反射聚焦到装置的准直透镜的扫描镜。

公开(公告)号：US07780300B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-24

申请号：US11757149

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： R. Aaron Falk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： G02B5/08

CPC分类号： G02B3/14 ,  G02B26/0833

摘要： A large, thin, variable focus lens that would be practical in a variety of applications, such as eyeglasses. An example of the present invention is a surface that can be deformed to a desirable shape in a simple, controllable fashion. In particular, a surface shape with desirable optical properties is achievable. The surface has the ability to produce a reflective or refractive surface with a variable optical power.

摘要翻译： 一种大而薄的可变焦距透镜，可用于各种应用中，例如眼镜。 本发明的一个例子是可以以简单，可控的方式变形成期望形状的表面。 特别地，可以实现具有期望的光学特性的表面形状。 该表面具有产生具有可变光焦度的反射或折射表面的能力。

公开(公告)号：US5554882A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-10

申请号：US404128

申请日：1995-03-14

申请人： R. Aaron Falk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk

IPC分类号： H01L29/868 ,  H01L31/107 ,  H01L29/87

CPC分类号： H01L29/868 ,  H01L31/107

摘要： An avalanche semiconductor switch device utilizes trigger input. The integrated trigger input is a charge carrier injector which injects charge carriers directly into the avalanche semiconductor switch device. The avalanche semiconductor switch device includes: an active, semi-insulating layer; an anode; a cathode; and an injector disposed on the anode contact. The injector serves to switch the device into a state of very high conductance when a positive bias is applied to the injector. The integrated trigger input allows low power optical sources to be used with the avalanche semiconductor switch device further back in the trigger chain. The injector may inject holes or electrons. The injector may be integrated on one side of the substrate.

摘要翻译： 雪崩半导体开关器件利用触发输入。 集成触发输入是将电荷载流子直接注入雪崩半导体开关器件的电荷载流子注入器。 雪崩半导体开关器件包括：有源半绝缘层; 阳极; 阴极 以及设置在阳极接触件上的喷射器。 当向注射器施加正偏压时，喷射器用于将装置切换到非常高的电导状态。 集成触发输入允许低功率光源与雪崩半导体开关器件一起使用，进一步回到触发链。 注射器可以注入空穴或电子。 注射器可以集成在基底的一侧上。

公开(公告)号：US5077793A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

申请号：US642561

申请日：1991-01-18

申请人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Theodore L. Houk

发明人： R. Aaron Falk ,  Theodore L. Houk

IPC分类号： H04L9/18

CPC分类号： H04L9/0662 ,  H04L2209/125

摘要： An encryption and decryption system performs encryption and decryption using the residue number system. A binary input signal is converted into residue number system representation in a binary to residue converter. Pseudo random numbers, generated from pseudo random number generators, are then added to the converted input signal in modular, that is, residue number system, adders. The outputs of the modular adders are converted into binary or mixed radix digit representation and are then transmitted to the location of a decrypter. The transmitted binary or mixed radix digit signal is converted back into residue number system representation in another converter and is then decrypted by subtracting the pseudo random number sequence. This decrypted signal is then converted into binary representation. The binary representation of the decrypted signal resembles the input signal.

摘要翻译： 加密和解密系统使用残差号系统执行加密和解密。 二进制输入信号在二进制到残余转换器中转换为残差数系统表示。 然后将伪随机数发生器产生的伪随机数以模块化方式添加到转换的输入信号中，即残差数系统，加法器。 模块化加法器的输出被转换成二进制或混合基数表示，然后被传送到解密器的位置。 发送的二进制或混合数字信号被转换回另一个转换器中的残差数系统表示，然后通过减去伪随机数序列解密。 然后将该解密信号转换为二进制表示。 解密信号的二进制表示类似于输入信号。