公开(公告)号：US06448777B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

申请号：US09931927

申请日：2001-08-20

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman ,  Andrew M. Warchol ,  James W. Baker

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman ,  Andrew M. Warchol ,  James W. Baker

IPC: G01N2762

CPC classification number: G01N27/70 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N2030/642

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of making a discharge ionization detector. The apparatus comprises a detector body, a detector cavity, located in the detector body and having a discharge electrode and an second discharge electrode, wherein an electric discharge runs between the second discharge electrode and the discharge electrode, and a signal electrode which attracts ionized molecules, an inlet interface, through which a discharge gas enters the detector, an analyte inlet, through which the analyte enters the detector cavity, and an outlet through which the analyte and discharge gas exit the detector body, wherein the apparatus is hermetically sealed. The apparatus is hermetically sealed by vacuum brazing the components to the detector body. The present invention can also have a detector volume as small as 10 micro-liters or less. The method comprises machining a body material to form a detector body, by forming a detector cavity, a column bore and a plurality of electrode bores, preparing the body surface for bonding, and bonding a plurality of electrodes, an inlet interface, a column interface and a vent interface to the detector body, whereby a hermetically sealed system is formed that has a detection zone volume of approximately 5-100 micro-liters.

Abstract translation: 一种放电电离检测器的制造方法和制造方法。 该装置包括位于检测器主体中并具有放电电极和第二放电电极的检测器体，检测器腔，其中在第二放电电极和放电电极之间放电，以及吸引离子化分子的信号电极 ，入口界面，放电气体通过该入口界面进入检测器，分析物入口通过分析物进入检测器腔，以及出口，分析物和排出气体通过该出口离开检测器主体，其中该装置被气密密封。 该装置通过将组件真空钎焊到检测器主体而被气密密封。 本发明还可以具有小至10微升或更低的检测器体积。 该方法包括通过形成检测器腔体，柱孔和多个电极孔来加工主体材料以形成检测器主体，准备用于结合的主体表面，以及结合多个电极，入口接口，柱接口 以及与检测器主体的通气接口，由此形成具有约5-100微升的检测区体积的气密密封系统。

公开(公告)号：US6156103A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-05

申请号：US322254

申请日：1999-05-28

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: B01D53/32 ,  B01J19/08 ,  H05H1/24 ,  B03C3/36

CPC classification number: H05H1/24 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J2219/0805 ,  B01J2219/0809 ,  B01J2219/083 ,  B01J2219/0847 ,  B01J2219/0875

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of a discharge gas, wherein the discharge gas is selected from a group of noble gases, and most preferably is helium or argon. The purification of the discharge gas is achieved by attraction and removal of at least one ionized contaminant in the discharge gas, wherein the contaminant exhibits an ionization potential that is less than the excitation potential of the discharge gas. A discharge gas purification system may be constructed to include a discharge ionization detector that employs a discharge chamber and discharge source for effecting a discharge to provide photons and metastables for ionization of an analyte in an adjacent ionization chamber, wherein the discharge chamber includes a bleed flow for attracting and removing ionized contaminants present in the discharge chamber.

Abstract translation: 用于净化放电气体的装置，其中放电气体选自一组惰性气体，最优选是氦气或氩气。 放电气体的净化通过吸引和去除放电气体中的至少一种电离污染物来实现，其中污染物表现出小于放电气体的激发电位的电离电位。 放电气体净化系统可以被构造成包括放电电离检测器，该放电电离检测器采用放电室和放电源，用于实现放电以提供用于在相邻电离室中分析物的电离的光子和亚稳态，其中放电室包括放电流 用于吸引和去除放电室中存在的电离污染物。

公开(公告)号：US6107805A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

申请号：US70003

申请日：1998-04-30

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N27/68 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N30/70 ,  G01N37/00 ,  G01T1/18

CPC classification number: G01N30/62 ,  G01N27/70 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: An ionization detector for detection of an analyte includes a source chamber having a source of ionizing particles and receiving a fluid stream of detector gas; an ionization chamber connected to the source chamber at an ionization chamber entrance therebetween so as to allow metastables and photons to be generated in the source chamber and to be transferred in the fluid stream to the ionization chamber; a signal electrode assembly located in the ionization chamber; and a signal measuring circuit for measuring ionized analyte molecules. The signal electrode assembly includes a spaced array of electrodes including a collector electrode, a first signal electrode, and a second signal electrode. The first signal electrode is situated immediately downstream from the ionization chamber entrance and substantially upstream of the collector electrode, so as to extend the detection zone to the vicinity of the ionization chamber entrance.

Abstract translation: 用于检测分析物的电离检测器包括具有电离粒子源并接收检测器气体的流体流的源室; 离子化室，其在离子室入口处连接到源室，以便在源室中产生亚稳态和光子，并在流体流中转移到电离室; 位于电离室中的信号电极组件; 以及用于测量电离的分析物分子的信号测量电路。 信号电极组件包括间隔开的电极阵列，其包括集电极，第一信号电极和第二信号电极。 第一信号电极位于电离室入口的正下游并且基本上在集电极的上游，以将检测区域延伸到电离室入口附近。

公开(公告)号：US5804828A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-08

申请号：US720478

申请日：1996-09-30

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01N27/66 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N30/70

CPC classification number: G01N27/66 ,  G01N30/70

Abstract: Electron capture detector for use with an effluent stream from a gas chromatograph includes an ionization cell and a sample inlet system connected to the ionization cell for providing an effluent fluid having a sample concentration therein. In the preferred constant-current, variable frequency mode of operation, a cell current is measured and compared to the reference current. The pulse rate is then adjusted to maintain a constant cell current. The pulse rate is converted to a voltage, processed according to a novel linearization formula, and recorded. The ionization cell includes a radioactive ionization source and the ionization cell defines an optimized cell volume in which the electron capture reaction is forced to occur according to a concentration mode of operation. Improved sensitivity in the electron capture detector may be achieved by restricting the effective radioactivity in the ionization cell to be in the range of 0.5 to 3 milliCuries, and preferably in the range of 1 to 2 milliCuries. The ionization cell volume is substantially reduced while the aforementioned effective level of radioactivity is nonetheless maintained. Linearization of the electron capture detector is obtained by overcoming and/or compensating for several sources of nonlinearity by: (1) forcing the detector to operate in only the concentration mode of operation, and (2) processing the signal derived from the detector response so as to compensate for a heretofore unrealized logarithmic decay of the response factor at higher sample rates.

Abstract translation: 用于来自气相色谱仪的流出物流的电子捕获检测器包括电离池和连接到电离池的样品入口系统，用于提供其中具有样品浓度的流出液体。 在优选的恒流，可变频率工作模式中，测量电池电流并与参考电流进行比较。 然后调整脉率以保持恒定的电池电流。 将脉率转换为电压，根据新的线性化公式进行处理，并进行记录。 离子化电池包括放射性电离源，电离池限定了根据浓度操作模式迫使电子捕获反应发生的优化的细胞体积。 可以通过将电离池中的有效放射性限制在0.5至3毫安范围内，优选在1至2毫安范围内来实现电子捕获检测器中的改善的灵敏度。 电离细胞体积大大降低，同时保持上述有效的放射性水平。 电子捕获检测器的线性化是通过以下方式来克服和/或补偿多个非线性来源获得的：（1）强制检测器仅在浓度操作模式下操作，以及（2）处理从检测器响应得到的信号 以补偿在更高采样率下的响应因子的迄今未实现的对数衰减。

公开(公告)号：US06593567B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09567811

申请日：2000-05-09

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N2762

CPC classification number: G01N27/622

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer is disclosed which includes a sample input port, an ion generator, an ionization chamber receiving and ionizing samples, an ion gate for causing the ionized samples to travel in a direction, and a drift region for receiving the directed ionized samples and for subjecting the ionized samples to an electric potential. The ionized samples then separate according to their electric charge and mass and are detected by a sensor having an output with linear, non-linear, and logarithmic characteristics. The ion mobility spectrometer further includes circuitry coupled to the sensor for linearizing the output such that the non-linear and logarithmic characteristics are linearized while preserving the linear characteristics. The circuitry operates to linearize the output by multiplying the output by a first function determined from a second function by extrapolating linear and logarithmic characteristics based on a logarithmic plot, dividing the output current by the extrapolation, adding 1, and raising the result to a power determined from a slope of the logarithmic characteristics to obtain a linearizing function. The result is one continuous linear plot in conformance with the fundamental gain of the IMS detector.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种离子迁移谱仪，其包括样品输入端口，离子发生器，电离室接收和离子化样品，用于使电离样品沿一个方向行进的离子栅极和用于接收定向电离样品的漂移区域，以及 用于使电离样品经受电位。 然后离子化样品根据其电荷和质量分离，并且由具有线性，非线性和对数特性的输出的传感器检测。 离子迁移谱仪还包括耦合到传感器的电路，用于使输出线性化，使得非线性和对数特性被线性化，同时保持线性特性。 电路用于通过将输出乘以由第二函数确定的第一函数，通过基于对数图进行线性和对数特征的外推，将输出电流除以外推，并将结果提高到一个幂 从对数特性的斜率确定以获得线性化函数。 结果是一个连续的线性图符合IMS检测器的基本增益。

公开(公告)号：US5889404A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-30

申请号：US921412

申请日：1997-08-29

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman ,  William H. Wilson

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman ,  William H. Wilson

IPC: G01N27/68 ,  G01N27/70 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N27/62

CPC classification number: G01N27/70 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N2030/642

Abstract: In a discharge ionization detector, a method and apparatus are disclosed for increasing the transfer of photons and metastables from a discharge chamber to a ionization chamber, while effecting ion discrimination of the ionic current with respect to a signal cathode, thereby reducing the effect of ionic current in the signal output. Preferred embodiments of the invention include a discharge source located in a discharge chamber, means for introducing discharge gas flow into the discharge chamber, a flow guide that directs discharge gas flow between the discharge chamber and an adjacent ionization chamber, and inlet port for introducing a flow of sample gas containing an analyte into the ionization chamber and an outlet port for exhausting the sample gas and the discharge gas. A plurality of apertures in the flow guide are situated proximate the discharge source so as to promote the rapid and efficient transfer of photons and metastables from the discharge source into the ionization chamber. A signal cathode and the ionization chamber are biased in a circuit with an electrometer so as to provide a detector output signal.

Abstract translation: 在放电电离检测器中，公开了一种用于增加从放电室到电离室的光子和亚稳态的转移的方法和装置，同时对离子电流相对于信号阴极进行离子鉴别，从而降低离子的影响 电流信号输出。 本发明的优选实施例包括位于放电室中的放电源，用于将放电气流引入放电室的装置，引导放电气体在排出室和相邻电离室之间流动的导流器，以及用于引入 含有分析物的样品气体流入电离室，以及用于排出样品气体和放电气体的出口。 流动引导件中的多个孔位于放电源附近，以促进光子和亚稳态从放电源快速且有效地转移到电离室中。 信号阴极和电离室被偏置在具有静电计的电路中，以提供检测器输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US5760291A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US706900

申请日：1996-09-03

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N27/64 ,  G01N30/70 ,  G01N7/00

CPC classification number: G01N30/70

Abstract: Electron capture detector for use with an effluent stream from a gas chromatograph includes an ionization chamber and a sample inlet system connected to the ionization chamber wherein the sample inlet system effects uniform fluid mixture of the effluent fluid and a make-up gas prior to entry of the fluid mixture into the ionization chamber. A preferred mixing device includes a column liner having a flow acceleration region wherein a localized reduction in the internal diameter of the liner causes momentary turbulence of the fluid mixture.

Abstract translation: 与来自气相色谱仪的流出物流一起使用的电子捕获检测器包括电离室和连接到电离室的样品入口系统，其中样品入口系统在进入前进行排出流体和补充气体的均匀流体混合 流体混合物进入电离室。 优选的混合装置包括具有流动加速区域的柱衬里，其中内衬的内径的局部减小导致流体混合物的瞬时湍流。

公开(公告)号：US5739699A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-14

申请号：US706918

申请日：1996-09-03

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N27/64 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N30/70

CPC classification number: G01N30/70

Abstract: Electron capture detector for use with an effluent stream from a gas chromatograph includes an electron source means and an adjacent ionization chamber in which electron capture takes place. The active region of the ionization chamber is disposed to receive free electrons and a flow of purge gas. The detector has an inlet port for receiving a sample gas as well as an outlet port for exhausting the sample gas and the purge gas. A collector electrode in the detection chamber is biased so as to collect the free electrons in the absence of electrophilic substance. Electrophilic substances in the detector will reduce the flow of electrons to the collector and generate an ionic current. An insulative member in the form of a flow guide may be located at the portion of the anode so as to permit pulsing of free electrons to the anode but substantially block the ionic current, i.e., to discriminate between the free electrons and the ionic current. The addition of a fluid stream of purge fluid also provides a path for diverting the fluid mixture from the anode. The flow guide is configured to direct such fluid stream over the exposed portion of the anode, thus creating a fluid barrier to the anode contamination.

Abstract translation: 用于来自气相色谱仪的流出物流的电子捕获检测器包括电子源装置和在其中进行电子俘获的相邻电离室。 电离室的有源区域被设置成接收自由电子和吹扫气流。 检测器具有用于接收样品气体的入口端口以及用于排出样品气体和吹扫气体的出口。 检测室中的集电极被偏置以便在没有亲电物质的情况下收集自由电子。 检测器中的亲电物质将减少电子流向集电极并产生离子电流。 流动引导件形式的绝缘构件可以位于阳极部分，以便允许自由电子脉冲到阳极，但基本上阻挡离子电流，即区分自由电子和离子电流。 吹扫流体的流体流的添加还提供了用于将流体混合物从阳极转向的路径。 流动引导件构造成将这种流体流引导到阳极的暴露部分上，从而产生对阳极污染物的流体屏障。

公开(公告)号：US06207049B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

申请号：US09364723

申请日：1999-07-30

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: B01D1508

CPC classification number: G01N30/6069 ,  G01N30/6043 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/466

Abstract: A multichannel capillary column having an interior wall defining a single internal bore, wherein the interior wall defines a plurality of n channels and n ridges, wherein adjacent channels are partially separated by a respectively interposed ridge, and wherein a central, coaxial portion of the internal bore allows cross-channel fluid communication between all of the n channels.

Abstract translation: 一种多通道毛细管柱，其具有限定单个内孔的内壁，其中所述内壁限定多个n通道和n脊，其中相邻通道由分别插入的脊部分地分开，并且其中内部的中心的同轴部分 孔允许所有n个通道之间的跨通道流体连通。

公开(公告)号：US06037179A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US70043

申请日：1998-04-30

Applicant: Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

Inventor： Mahmoud F. Abdel-Rahman

IPC: G01N27/68 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/70 ,  G01N30/70 ,  G01N1/22

CPC classification number: G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/70 ,  G01N30/70 ,  Y10T436/117497 ,  Y10T436/25 ,  Y10T436/25875

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for improved transfer of ionizing particles from a source chamber to a detection zone in an ionization chamber in an ionization detector. An ionization detector includes a source chamber, an inlet for introducing detector gas to the source chamber, a transitional structure including a flow guide that directs detector gas flow between the source chamber and the adjacent ionization chamber, an inlet for introducing sample gas containing an analyte into the ionization chamber, and an outlet port for exhausting the mixture of the sample gas and the detector gas. The aspect ratio of the flow guide causes the linear velocity of the detector gas stream to be highest at a throat in the flow guide and to decrease as the detector gas stream approaches a detection zone in the ionization chamber, thereby suppressing analyte diffusion from the ionization chamber through the flow guide. The aspect ratio of the flow guide also provides an unimpeded path for transit of photons from the source chamber to the detection zone in the ionization chamber.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于改进电离粒子从源室转移到电离检测器中的电离室中的检测区域的方法和装置。 电离检测器包括源室，用于将检测器气体引入源室的入口，过渡结构，其包括引导检测器气源在源室和相邻电离室之间的流动引导件，用于引入含有分析物的样品气体的入口 进入电离室，以及用于排出样品气体和检测器气体的混合物的出口。 流动引导件的长宽比使得检测器气流的线速度在流动导管中的喉部处最高，并且随着检测器气体流接近电离室中的检测区域而降低，从而抑制分析物从电离的扩散 通过流动导管。 流动引导件的纵横比还提供了用于将光子从源室转移到电离室中的检测区域的无阻碍路径。