Current sensor assemblies for low currents

    公开(公告)号:US12235294B2

    公开(公告)日:2025-02-25

    申请号:US18644470

    申请日:2024-04-24

    Abstract: A current sensor assembly can include: a coil structure having a first coil and a second coil connected in series, the coil structure configured to generate a differential magnetic field responsive to an electrical current passing through the first and second coils; a first magnetic field sensing element disposed proximate to the first coil and operable to generate a first signal responsive to the differential magnetic field passing through the first magnetic field sensing element in a first direction; a second magnetic field sensing element disposed proximate to the second coil and operable to generate a second signal responsive to the differential magnetic field passing through the second magnetic field sensing element in a second direction; and a circuit operable to subtract the first and second signals to generate a differential signal proportional to the electrical current.

    Method and apparatus for transmitting data

    公开(公告)号:US12224887B1

    公开(公告)日:2025-02-11

    申请号:US18498109

    申请日:2023-10-31

    Abstract: A method comprising: transmitting a data block that is part of a message, the data block including a plurality of data block symbols; detecting a duration of an end portion of the message, the duration being detected based on a difference between: (i) a time that is allotted for transmitting the message and (ii) a time needed for transmitting the data block as well as any other element of the message that precedes the end portion; and transmitting one or more auxiliary data symbols as part of the end portion of the message, wherein the end portion has a flexible duration that is selected to synchronize a total duration of the message to the time that is allotted for transmitting the message, and wherein each of the data block symbols and each of the auxiliary data symbols is encoded by using pulse-width modulation (PWM).

    SENSOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT WITH CURRENT OUTPUT CALIBRATION

    公开(公告)号:US20250027975A1

    公开(公告)日:2025-01-23

    申请号:US18354709

    申请日:2023-07-19

    Abstract: A sensor integrated circuit configured to generate a sensor output current indicative of a sensed parameter includes a power connection to receive a supply voltage, a ground connection, a sensing circuit configured to generate a parameter current proportional to the sensed parameter, and an output connection at which the sensor output current is provided. An output current calibration circuit is configured to determine an offset current that corresponds to a bias voltage at the output connection equal to a fixed percentage of the supply voltage when the parameter current is substantially zero. The sensor output current is provided as a combination of the parameter current and the offset current.

    Magnetoresistance bridge circuits with stray field immunity

    公开(公告)号:US12181538B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-31

    申请号:US18070918

    申请日:2022-11-29

    Abstract: Magnetic field sensors having at least two bridges including MR elements are described. MR elements of each bridge have different magnetic reference directions. A first bridge is positioned to sense a first uniform magnetic field of a first polarity and a second bridge is positioned to sense a second uniform magnetic field of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. The first and second uniform magnetic fields make up a differential field of interest. The described magnetic field sensors sense the field of interest in a manner that is immune to stray fields. Dual signal path embodiments are described in which outputs of the two bridges are independently processed and single signal path embodiments include a single signal path for processing the output of a combined (e.g., parallel) bridge arrangement.

    TRANSFORMER-BASED ISOLATOR WITH SPIRAL COILS

    公开(公告)号:US20240429265A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-26

    申请号:US18338479

    申请日:2023-06-21

    Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include systems, structures, circuits, and methods providing integrated circuit (IC) packages or modules having a transformer with first and second spiral coils disposed on or adjacent to a substrate, each including one or more coil portions on one or multiple levels and having varying distances to an aperture or coil-origin region. A portion of a soft ferromagnetic core of the transformer can pass through the aperture or be adjacent to the coil origin region. The IC packages and modules may include various types of circuits; in some examples, IC packages or modules may include a galvanically isolated gate driver or other high voltage circuit.

    Magnetic Field Speed Sensor Output Signal Protocol

    公开(公告)号:US20240426862A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-26

    申请号:US18337562

    申请日:2023-06-20

    Abstract: A magnetic field speed sensor includes one or more magnetic field sensing elements to generate a magnetic field signal indicative of a magnetic field associated with a moveable target and a controller to generate a controller output signal including a plurality of output words, each including a speed pulse and a plurality of data pulses capable of having four different amplitudes. The time between the speed pulses of consecutive output words is indicative of the speed of movement of the target. Each data pulse corresponds to a data bit having a binary value represented by a transition direction of the data pulse and the amplitude of the data pulse. Features include a programmable data pulse width or an adaptively adjustable data pulse width to avoid truncation.

    Magnetoresistive element for a 2D magnetic sensor having a reduced hysteresis response

    公开(公告)号:US12174276B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-24

    申请号:US18245380

    申请日:2021-09-14

    Abstract: A magnetoresistive element for a 2D magnetic sensor, the magnetoresistive element including a tunnel barrier layer included between a reference layer having a reference magnetization and a sense layer having a sense magnetization. The sense layer includes a sense synthetic antiferromagnetic structure including a first sense sublayer in contact with the tunnel barrier layer and separated from a second sense sublayer by a first non-magnetic spacer layer such that the first sense sublayer is antiferromagnetically coupled to the second sense sublayer. The sense layer is configured such that a sense magnetic ratio ΔM defined as: Δ ⁢ M = M ⁢ s F ⁢ M ⁢ 2 ⁢ t F ⁢ M ⁢ 2 - M ⁢ s F ⁢ M ⁢ 1 ⁢ t F ⁢ M ⁢ 1 M ⁢ s F ⁢ M ⁢ 2 ⁢ t F ⁢ M ⁢ 2 + M ⁢ s F ⁢ M ⁢ 1 ⁢ t F ⁢ M ⁢ 1 wherein MSFM1 and MSFM2 are the spontaneous magnetizations of the first and second sense sublayers and tFM1 and tFM2 are the thicknesses of the first and second sense sublayers; and wherein the sense magnetic ratio is between 0.1 and 0.25.

    Magnetic field closed loop sensors with offset reduction

    公开(公告)号:US12174275B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-12-24

    申请号:US18176745

    申请日:2023-03-01

    Abstract: Magnetic field closed loop sensors including offset reduction circuitry to reduce undesired baseband components attributable to offset associated with magnetoresistance elements are described. A superimposed signal including a main signal portion indicative of a parameter of a target and an offset reduced signal portion is coupled to feedback circuitry. The feedback circuitry generates a feedback signal to drive a feedback coil. Main processing circuitry is operative to extract the main signal portion from the superimposed signal and produce a sensor output signal based on the main signal portion. Example offset reduction circuitry can take the form of AC coupling circuitry or a ripple reduction loop.

    MAGNETORESISTIVE ELEMENT AND MAGNETIC SWITCH COMPRISING THE MAGNETORESISTIVE ELEMENT

    公开(公告)号:US20240395448A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-11-28

    申请号:US18660811

    申请日:2024-05-10

    Abstract: Magnetoresistive element comprising a tunnel barrier layer, a ferromagnetic reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization, and a ferromagnetic sense layer having a sense magnetization that can be changed by an external magnetic field (Bext). The reference, tunnel barrier, and sense layers are stacked perpendicular to a layer plane (PL) thereof. At least a portion of the magnetoresistive element comprising the sense layer has a hollow cross-sectional shape in the layer plane (PL), the cross-sectional shape having an outer side with an outer lateral size (Dout) and an inner side defining a width (wd) of the cross-sectional shape. The outer lateral size (Dout) is between 1 μm and 5 μm and the width (wd) is between 0.2 μm and 0.3 μm. The sense magnetization has a coreless vortex configuration and such that the magnetoresistive element has zero remanence at zero external magnetic field (Bext). The present disclosure further concerns a magnetic switch comprising the magnetoresistive element.

    Diagnostic circuits with duplicate resistive networks for sensor output buffers

    公开(公告)号:US12153073B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-11-26

    申请号:US18053905

    申请日:2022-11-09

    Abstract: Output buffer diagnostic circuits for monitoring a sensor output buffer include a duplicate resistive network corresponding to a resistive network in the monitored sensor output buffer. The duplicate resistive network may include the same or similar topology as the output buffer resistive network. The duplicate resistive network is configured to produce a differential duplicate signal indicative of when an error condition exits in the sensor output buffer. The diagnostic circuit can include averaging circuitry configured to receive the differential duplicate signal and produce an average duplicate signal. The diagnostic circuit can include an error comparison circuit configured to receive the average duplicate signal and detect when the average duplicate signal exceeds a nominal or preset error value corresponding to an error condition in the sensor output buffer. The error comparison circuit is configured to produce an error indication when the average duplicate signal exceeds the preset error value.

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